scholarly journals Boriding kinetics of Fe2B layers formed on AISI 1045 steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zuno-Silva ◽  
M. Ortiz-Domínguez ◽  
M. Keddam ◽  
M. Elias-Espinosa ◽  
O. Damián-Mejía ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Mass Conservation ◽  
Boron Diffusion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Aisi 1045 Steel ◽  
Aisi 1045 ◽  
1045 Steel ◽  
Kinetics Of

In the present work, a diffusion model was suggested to study the growth kinetics of Fe2B layers grown on the AISI 1045 steel by the pack-boriding treatment. The generated boride layers were analyzed by optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The applied diffusion model is based on the principle of mass conservation at the (Fe2B/ substrate) interface. It was used to estimate the boron diffusion coefficients of Fe2B in the temperature range of 1123-1273 K. A validation of the model was also made by comparing the experimental Fe2B layer thickness obtained at 1253 K for 5 h of treatment with the predicted value. Basing on our experimental results, the boron activation energy was estimated as 180 kJ mol-1 for the AISI 1045 steel.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the characteristics of an AISI 1045 steel quenched in different concentration of polymer solutions of polyvinylpyrrolidone

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo da Rosa Vieira ◽  
Luciano Volcanoglo Biehl ◽  
Jorge Luis Braz Medeiros ◽  
Vagner Machado Costa ◽  
Rodrigo Jorge Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Thermal Exchange ◽  
The Core ◽  
Aisi 1045 Steel ◽  
Aisi 1045 ◽  
Quench Hardening ◽  
Polymeric Solutions ◽  
1045 Steel

AbstractQuench hardening aims at the microstructural transformation of steels in order to improve hardness and mechanical strength. The aim phase is, in most cases, the martensite. It is necessary to heat the material until it obtains its austenitization and quenching by immersion in a fluid. Currently, it is common to use watery polymeric solutions in this procedure. These fluids, which are the mixture of polymers in water, vary their thermal exchange capacity depending on the concentrations applied. The increase in concentration minimizes the removal of heat from the part, reducing the formation capacity of martensite, and developing a lower hardness and strong steel. In this work, microstructural characteristics and properties of AISI 1045 steel quenched in solutions based on polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in 10, 15, 20, and 25% concentration were evaluated. The microstructural characterization quantified the percentage of the phases in each concentration, demonstrating a reduction of martensite as the concentrations were high. The investigation of the samples by x-ray diffraction confirmed the absence of austenite retained in the material. Furthermore, a microhardness scale between the core and the surface was constructed, in which a reduction gradient of the indices of this property towards the core of the sample was evidenced.

scholarly journals Effect of the Boron Powder on Surface AISI W2 Steel: Experiments and Modelling

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Doñu Ruiz ◽  
David Sánchez Huitron ◽  
Ernesto David Garcia Bustos ◽  
Víctor Jorge Cortés Suárez ◽  
Noé López Perrusquia
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Boride Layer ◽  
Boron Diffusion ◽  
Mass Balance Equation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Boron Powder ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Kinetics Of

The effect of boron powder on surface AISI W2 steel and growth kinetic of the boride layer is studied. Boron powder mixture was used in the powder pack boriding; this process was carried out in the temperature range from 1173 to 1273 K with exposure times ranging from 2 to 8 h. The presence of boride was confirmed by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and the distribution of alloy elements in boride layers with energy-dispersive spectrometry using scanning electron microscopy. A mathematical model of the growth kinetics of the single layer was proposed and boron diffusion coefficient was determined by mass balance equation. The morphology of Fe2B layer was smooth and boron activation energy in W2 steel was estimated as 187.696 kJ·mol−1. The kinetic model was validated with two experimental conditions, a contour diagram describing the evolution of Fe2B layer as a function of time and temperature parameters for industrial application.

scholarly journals Effect of Speed, Feed and Depth of Cut on Machining Induced Residual Stresses in Aisi 1045 Steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 3397-3400 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Aisi 1045 Steel ◽  
Aisi 1045 ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Future Work ◽  
1045 Steel

Residual stress that are induced during machining of components plays a significant part in the endurance and life of the component. The magnitude and nature of the residual stresses have been of interest to many researchers across the globe. The present work involves methodology to find out the influence of factors on the residual stresses. The machining parameters were varied and the residual stresses were determined using non-destructive method, namely X-ray diffraction. Using statistical methods, the influence of the machining parameters was ascertained. This paper aims at investigating the residual stresses in AISI 1045 steel, induced due to milling. AISI 1045 steel was considered as it is a widely used material and its applications are innumerable. It was observed that speed and feed have significant influence on stresses left behind after the machining is completed. Using statistical techniques a mathematical model was developed which is further used to predict the residual stresses. The error percentage of the predicted values was less than 5%. The results obtained were promising and future work involves the optimization of the machining parameters.

scholarly journals Metallurgical Characterization and Kinetics of Borided 34CrNiMo6 Steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
N. Ucar ◽  
M. Yigit ◽  
A. Calik
Keyword(s):  
Boride Layer ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Boron Diffusion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Medium Carbon Steels ◽  
Metallurgical Characterization ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
34Crnimo6 Steel

AbstractBoriding of 34CrNiMo6 steel was performed in a solid medium consisting of Ekabor-II powders at 1123, 1173 and 1223 K for 2, 4 and 6 h. Morphological and kinetic examinations of the boride layers were carried out by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The thicknesses of the boride layers ranged from 22±2.3 to 145±4.1 depending on boriding temperature and time. The hardness of boride layer was about 1857 HV0.1 after boriding for 6 h at 1223 K, while the hardness of the substrate was only around 238 HV0.1. Growth rate constants were found to be between 1.2×10−13 – 9.8×10−13 m2/s depending on temperature. The activation energy for boron diffusion was estimated as 239.4±8.6 kJ mol−1. This value was comparable to the activation energies reported for medium carbon steels in the literature.

Characterization and Performance of Monolayer Brazed Polycrystalline CBN Abrasive Tools

2010 ◽  
Vol 126-128 ◽  
pp. 621-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Feng Ding ◽  
Jiu Hua Xu ◽  
Z.Z. Chen ◽  
Hong Hua Su ◽  
Yu Can Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Steel Matrix ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Aisi 1045 Steel ◽  
Aisi 1045 ◽  
Abrasive Tools ◽  
And Performance ◽  
1045 Steel

Brazing experiments of polycrystalline CBN abrasive grains and AISI 1045 steel matrix using 95(72Ag-28Cu)-5Ti (wt.%) filler alloy were carried out at the heating temperature of 900 °C for the dwell time of 8 min. The microstructure of the brazing interface among PCBN grain, Ag-Cu-Ti alloy and steel matrix, was characterized with optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction equipment. Grinding performance of the brazed polycrystalline CBN abrasive tools was evaluated experimentally by comparison with monocrystalline CBN counterparts. The results show that the reaction layer between polycrystalline CBN abrasive grain and Ag-Cu-Ti filler layer consists of the compounds of Ti-nitride, Ti-borides and Ti3AlN. The resultants have played an important role in terms of strong chemical joining at the grain-filler interface. The brazed abrasive tools with polycrystalline CBN grains have given higher material removal rate and longer service life than that with monocrystalline CBN ones.

scholarly journals PVD Coatings Influence (TiCN, BCN and CrAlN) on the Fatigue Life Behavior of AISI 1045 Steel for Automotive Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Correa ◽  
Julio César Caicedo ◽  
Yesid Castro Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Automotive Applications ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fracture Surfaces ◽  
Ticn Coating ◽  
Aisi 1045 Steel ◽  
Aisi 1045 ◽  
1045 Steel

Abstract This current work evaluated the influence of Titanium Carbo-nitride (TiCN), Chromium Aluminum Nitride (CrAlN) and Boron Carbo-nitride (BCN) coatings deposited on AISI 1045 steel and its behavior in fatigue life. Suitable deposition parameters were established for the coatings to show high hardness onto the substrate, appropriate deposition time for polycrystalline growth and desired stoichiometry, as well as a stable layer thickness of ~ 3 µm. The physical and chemical properties of the coatings obtained were established by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) and nanoindentation; the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for the analysis of the fracture surfaces of the samples subjected to fatigue. The analysis of the fatigue behavior of the uncoated and coated substrates were performed under rotary bending conditions applying maximum alternating stresses in the interval of 55–70% of the ultimate strength value, i.e. from 479 to 610 MPa, respectively; the test was performed at room temperature. The study of the results established that the fatigue resistance properties increased for the three types of coated samples, TiCN, BCN and CrAlN, with values of 9.6%, 4.2% and 3.9%, respectively, calculated for 1x106 cycles. The highest value in fatigue life improvement corresponded to the TiCN coating, followed by BCN. This can be associated to the increase hardness present in the TiCN layer; this improved the mechanical properties of the coating. The examination of the fracture surfaces carried out in the tested samples (coated and uncoated), clearly demonstrate that the cracks produced by fatigue started in the surface of the coating and later propagated to the substrate. The mechanicals and fatigue results found in these ternary coatings deposited on AISI 1045 steel open a possibility of future applications in mechanical devices e.g. automotive applications that require high fatigue demands in service conditions.

Kinetics and Tribological Characterization of Pack-Borided AISI 1025 Steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Gómez-Vargas ◽  
M. Keddam ◽  
M. Ortiz-Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Boron Diffusion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Tribological Characterization ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractIn this present study, the AISI 1025 steel was pack-borided in the temperature range of 1,123–1,273 K for different treatment times ranging from 2 to 8 h. A diffusion model was suggested to estimate the boron diffusion coefficients in the Fe2B layers. As a result, the boron activation energy for the AISI 1025 steel was estimated as 174.36 kJ/mol. This value of energy was compared with the literature data. To extend the validity of the present model, other additional boriding conditions were considered. The boride layers formed on the AISI 1025 steel were characterized by the following experimental techniques: scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and the Daimler–Benz Rockwell-C indentation technique. Finally, the scratch and pin-on-disc tests for wear resistance were achieved using an LG Motion Ltd and a CSM tribometer, respectively, under dry sliding conditions.

Preparation and Characterization of FeS Film by Low Temperature Ion Sulfurizing Technique

2011 ◽  
Vol 217-218 ◽  
pp. 1113-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Jie Kang ◽  
Cheng Biao Wang ◽  
Hai Dou Wang ◽  
Bin Shi Xu ◽  
Jia Jun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Element Distribution ◽  
Solid Lubrication ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Aisi 1045 Steel ◽  
Aisi 1045 ◽  
1045 Steel

In this article, solid lubrication FeS film was prepared on the surface of AISI 1045 steel by means of low temperature ion sulfurizing process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to observe the surface and cross-section morphologies of the sulfurized layer. The element distribution of the sulfurized layer surface was analyzed by X-ray energy spectrometer. The crystalline phases were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). X-ray stress determinator was utilized to measure the residual stress in the sulfurized layer. The nano-hardness and elastic modulus of the sulfurized layer were surveyed by a nano-indentation tester. The results showed that the surface of the FeS film was composed of many minute spherical particles with homogeneous grain size and distribution. The texture of the film was very loose with lots of micro-pores, and the crystallinity was well. There was compressive stress in the FeS film, and the stress value measured is -150 MPa. The average value of nano-hardness and elastic modulus were 4.02 GPa and 157.36 GPa respectively.

scholarly journals Kinetics of the formation of a diffusion layer on AISI 1045 steel with simultaneous saturation with boron, chromium and titanium

2021 ◽  
Vol 2131 (4) ◽  
pp. 042025
Author(s):  
B Lygdenov ◽  
M Guriev ◽  
S Ivanov ◽  
A Guriev
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Diffusion Layer ◽  
Diffusion Coating ◽  
Surface Wear ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Aisi 1045 Steel ◽  
Aisi 1045 ◽  
Coating Formation ◽  
1045 Steel ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract Research has been carried out to determine the kinetics of coating formation on AISI 1045 steel with diffusion saturation with boron, chromium and titanium simultaneously. It was found that the experimental parameters of the thickness of the diffusion layer of borides over time outstrip the calculated values. The diffusion layer has a thickness of 120 μm with a saturation duration of 2.5 h, 155 μm with a saturation duration of 5 h, and 180 μm with a saturation duration of 7.5 h. In addition to studying the kinetics of the formation of a diffusion coating, also studied the distribution of microhardness over the cross section of the diffusion coating. The maximum microhardness of the diffusion coating is observed not on the surface, but at some distance from it. On average, at a depth of 45–60 µm from the surface. In this case, the microhardness on the surface of the diffusion coating, on the contrary, tends to take on a minimum value of about 1800 HV0.1. Such a distribution of microhardness it gives the parts the possibility of minor surface wear.

Investigation of Growth Kinetics of Fe2B Layers on AISI 1518 Steel by the Integral Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2019) ◽  
pp. 219-228
Author(s):  
M. Elias-Espinosa ◽  
M. Keddam ◽  
M. Ortiz-Domínguez ◽  
A. Arenas-Flores ◽  
J. Zuno-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Model ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Boride Layer ◽  
Boron Diffusion ◽  
Mass Balance Equation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractThe AISI 1518 steel was pack-borided in the temperature range 1123–1273 K for a treatment ranging from 2 to 8 h. A compact single boride layer (Fe2B) was formed at the surface of the AISI 1518 steel using the mixture of powders composed of 20 % B4C, 10 % KBF4 and 70 % SiC. The following experimental techniques such as scanning electron microscopy coupled with EDS analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis were employed to characterize the pack-borided AISI 1518 steel. An alternative model, based on the integral mass balance equation, was used to estimate the boron diffusion coefficients in the Fe2B layers in the temperature range 1123–1273 K. Finally, the value of activation energy for boron diffusion in the AISI 1518 steel was estimated and compared with the literature data. Furthermore, the present model was validated by comparing the experimental value of Fe2B layer thickness, obtained at 1253 K for 2 h of treatment, with the predicted value.

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