Rhagoletis cerasi Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae): Biological characteristics, harmfulness and control

The European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a highly destructive pest in sweet and sour cherry orchards with a distribution area throughout Europe and the temperate regions of Asia. It occurs regularly in all production regions of these fruit species in Serbia, damaging up to 10% of cherries in commercial production, while damage can go up to 100% in orchards and on solitary threes unprotected by control measures. In Serbia, European cherry fruit fly most often attacks and damages fruits of the lateripening cultivars of sweet cherry (Van, Stela, Hedelfinger, Bing, Lambert, Drogan?s Yellow). After a sweet cherry harvest, adults migrate to sour cherry where they continue feeding and ovipositing in half-mature sour cherries (prevailingly the domestic ecotype Oblacinska). During their activity period, larvae damage the fruits, so that they can no longer be consumed either fresh or processed. The high percentage of sour cherries damaged by R. cerasi has become a factor limiting exports because the intensity of infestation of this fruit exceeds permissible limits. Pesticide use for controlling this pest, especially in integrated production, is based on a very poor selection of insecticides which cause problems with residual ecotoxicity. Consequently, alternative measures for controlling European cherry fruit fly have been intensively studied over the past few years. This work surveys up-to-date results of various studies on the European cherry fruit fly as a very important pest in Serbia and other South and Mid-European countries. The work contains detailed descriptions of its biological characteristics, flight phenology, infestation intensity and possibilities of fly control in sweet and sour cherry production areas.

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Monitoring European Cherry Fruit Fly (Rhagoletis Cerasi L.) Through Vizual Traps

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Agriculture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:9808 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 443-444

Author(s):

Laura MACAVEI ◽

Ion OLTEAN ◽

Teodora FLORIAN ◽

Mircea VARGA ◽

Viorel MITRE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Dynamics ◽

Sweet Cherry ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Large Percentage ◽

Chemical Treatments ◽

Important Pest ◽

Rhagoletis Cerasi ◽

Different Parts

Rhageletis cerasi (L.) is the most important pest in cherry orchards and itâ€™s attak can affect the quality of fruit on a large percentage (45-100%). The European cherry fruit fly is prezent in all cherry and sweet cherry orchards, therefore monitoring this population is required as an element of integrated protection. The aim of this study is to establish population dynamics in Cluj area. Adult flight was monitored twice a week on yellow sticky panels. Traps were placed in different parts of the orchard. The first captures were recorded in May 29, with a number of 4 adults/orchard and in 24 June we recorded the maximum number, 89 adults/orchard. By monitoring population dynamics we can determine the correct time for application of chemical treatments.

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BIOLOGICAL TOOLS FOR CONTROLLING THE MAIN PESTS OF SWEET CHERRY

FRUIT GROWING RESEARCH ◽

10.33045/fgr.v36.2020.04 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 22-32

Author(s):

Mihaela Sumedrea ◽

Florin Cristian Marin ◽

Mirela Calinescu ◽

Mihai Chivu

Keyword(s):

Sweet Cherry ◽

Flight Dynamics ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Black Cherry ◽

Direct Control ◽

Orange Oil ◽

Sweet Cherries ◽

And Control ◽

Rhagoletis Cerasi

The paper presents the data collected from an ecological plot of sweet cherries with an area of 0.5 ha, where different methods of monitoring and combating the main pests were tested: European cherry fruit fly - Rhagoletis cerasi L. and black cherry aphid - Myzus cerasi F. The study took place during the years 2019-2020. European cherry fruit fly monitoring - Rhagoletis cerasi L. was performed with both atraCERAS optical panels and Decis Trap devices, with both a warning and control role, the results obtained highlighting a similar flight dynamics. The control of the European cherry fruit fly, carried out by direct control with the help of Decis Trap devices, the dose of 100 traps / ha, proved to be effective, the Abbott effectiveness indicator registering values between 83.4 - 90.5% in 2019, respectively 81.6 - 87.8% in 2020, depending on the studied variety. To control the black cherry aphid - Myzus cerasi F., the product Prev-Am was mainly used, based on orange oil, which was used with good results for the first attacks observed.

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Investigation of Distribution, Population Development, Flight Period, Infestation and Damage Rate of Cherry Fruit Fly, Rhagoletis cerasi L. (Diptera: Tephritidae), Associated with Cherry and Sour Cherry Orchards

Erwerbs-Obstbau ◽

10.1007/s10341-021-00625-y ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

İsmail Alaserhat

Keyword(s):

Sour Cherry ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Flight Period ◽

Population Development ◽

Damage Rate ◽

Rhagoletis Cerasi

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Improvement of Management of Rhagoletis Cerasi in Bosnia and Herzegovina Based on a Phenological Model

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences Section B Natural Exact and Applied Sciences ◽

10.1515/prolas-2017-0038 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 229-232

Author(s):

Branimir Nježić ◽

Dušan Pećanin ◽

Gordana Ðurić

Keyword(s):

Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽

Proper Time ◽

Local Population ◽

Sour Cherry ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Pesticide Application ◽

Phenological Model ◽

Thermal Thresholds ◽

Time Of Application ◽

Rhagoletis Cerasi

Abstract European cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis cerasi) is the key pest of sweet and sour cherry throughout Europe. Pest management is usually based on pesticide application. The key of successful management is knowing the proper time of pesticide application, based on the phenological model. To develop a phenological model, a local population of the pest from the northern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina was studied. First adult appearance and population densities were monitored by yellow sticky traps. Soil and air temperatures were compared at two thermal thresholds, 5 °C and 7 °C. Air temperature was applied in the model since it is more suitable for farmers and is related to soil temperature. Both thermal thresholds can be used. The first adult flies were captured after 435 degree-days (dd) and the first cumulative 5% of the catch after 605 dd. These two times should be considered for time of application of pesticides. Regarding time for first egg hatch, the first larva burrowed into fruits at 730 dd. Cultivars that can be harvested beginning on the 730 dd calculate from 1 March are considered to have low risk of cherry fruit fly damage.

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Development and Field Testing of a Spatial Decision Support System to Control Populations of the European Cherry Fruit Fly, Rhagoletis cerasi, in Commercial Orchards

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9100568 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 568

Author(s):

Charalampos S. Ioannou ◽

Stella A. Papanastasiou ◽

Kostas D. Zarpas ◽

Miguel Angel Miranda ◽

Andrea Sciarretta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Support ◽

Decision Support System ◽

Support System ◽

Sweet Cherry ◽

Adult Population ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Population Trends ◽

High Population ◽

Population Densities ◽

Rhagoletis Cerasi

The European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a key pest for the cherry production industry in Europe and west Asia that has recently invaded North America. Insecticide applications are frequently employed to control this devastating pest, often without considering its population trends. We developed a novel decision support system (DSS), and field tested it in commercial sweet cherry orchards in central Greece. The DSS includes two algorithms that predict the timing of adult activity in the wild and support pest management decisions, based on R. cerasi population trends and pesticide properties, respectively. Preparatory monitoring of the testing area during 2014, using adult traps, revealed high population densities of R. cerasi in non-managed sweet cherry orchards and low densities in commercial ones. Implementation of the DSS during 2015 resulted in low R. cerasi adult population densities and zero fruit infestation rates in commercial cherry orchards. Similar population and infestation rates were recorded in conventionally treated plots that received on average two insecticide applications compared to the one-half that the DSS treated plots received. Simultaneously, high population densities and fruit infestation rates were recorded in non-managed cherry orchards. Apparently, the implementation of the simple DSS we developed reduces the cost of R. cerasi management and minimizes the chemical footprint on both the harvested fruit and the environment.

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Flower visiting activity of honeybees on fruit species blooming subsequently

International Journal of Horticultural Science ◽

10.31421/ijhs/7/1/240 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. Soltész ◽

P. Benedek ◽

J. Nyéki ◽

Z. Szabó ◽

T. Tóth

Keyword(s):

Foraging Behaviour ◽

Sweet Cherry ◽

Sour Cherry ◽

College Faculty ◽

Black Currant ◽

Crop Species ◽

Fruit Species ◽

Flower Density ◽

Flower Visiting ◽

Red Currant

In the small demonstration orchard of the College Faculty of Horticulture at Kecskemét the blooming time, the flower density and the honeybee activity was observed at a number of cultivars of 20 flower species during four consecutive years. Fruit crop species were in flower during 3-4 months altogether. The blooming period of them was classified into five groups as early (almond, apricot, gooseberry), middle early (sweet cherry, red currant, currant-gooseberry, black currant, white currant, peach, plum, sour cherry), middle late (pear, strawberry, apple), late (black elder, quince, medlar, raspberry, blackberry-raspberry) and very late blooming period (blackberry). The blooming period of the members of the groups of early and medium early blooming often coincided partly and the same happened between the medium and the medium late as well as between fruits of late and very late flowering. The flower density of some fruit species is extremely variable (currant-gooseberry, medlar), while at others it is fairly stable and evenly dense in consecutive years (sour cherry, sweet cherry, strawberry). At other fruit species it is moderately changeable. Some fruit species tended to attract more honeybees than others (plum, apple, quince, medlar) and some of them tended to attract much less (black elder, pear) but most species can be regarded as of medium attractivity. On the flowers of some fruit species (pear, strawberry, quince) honeybees gathered pollen predominantly. At most fruit species however pollen and nectar gathering behaviour seemed to be gradually changing during the season. Namely most honeybees tended to gather pollen at the flowers of the early blooming fruit species, but on the other hand typical foraging behaviour gradually shifted to nectar gathering at the flowers of fruit species of moderate and late blooming periods.

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Preliminary Research on the use of Pheromones on European Cherry Fruit Fly (Rhagoletis Cerasi L.)

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Agriculture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:9688 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 107-109

Author(s):

Laura MACAVEI ◽

Ion OLTEAN ◽

Ioan OPREAN ◽

Iuliana VASIAN ◽

Aurelia POP ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sweet Cherry ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Monitoring And Control ◽

Chemical Treatments ◽

Baited Traps ◽

Applied Technology ◽

Preliminary Research ◽

And Control ◽

Average Catch ◽

Rhagoletis Cerasi

The European cherry fruit fly,Â Rhagoletis cerasiÂ (L.) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is one of the most destructive pest in cherry and sweet cherry orchards. Because of the low tolerance for damaged fruit on the market and the restrictions from E.U regarding insecticides, new envioramental safe methods begin to be developed. This paperÂ prezents preliminary research in monitoring and control of Rhagoletis cerasi L.Â withÂ 5 diffent formulations of specific pheromonÂ (pheromon prodeced by ICCÂ Raluca RipanÂ Cluj-Napoca)Â 4 of them, have not beenÂ tested yet. Adult flight was monitored twice a week on 22 yellow colored traps,Â 17 withÂ certified pheromone andÂ 27 with the 4Â new synthesizedÂ formulations. Traps were placed in two orchards: one in which chemical treatments have beenÂ performed and another plantation where no chemical treatments were applied. In the orchard where they applied chemical treatments, the average catch on colored traps was 28.31 adults/trap and in baited pheromone traps the average fluctuated between 11 adults/ trap in V3 and 28,6 adults per trap in V2. In the untreated orchard, the average number of catches on colored panels was 23.33 and in the variants with pheromone baits, this parameter was between 8.5 adults/trap in V5 and 44 adults/trap in V2.Rhagoletis cerasi level of population differ from a plantation to another and that is not strictly related to applied technology culture. Yellow panels shows good functionality in capturing adults. Between theÂ pheromone baited traps that are in the first stage of testing, higher number ofÂ captures than yellow panel variants, showed the variant V2.

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The morphology of stigmata in stone fruit species

International Journal of Horticultural Science ◽

10.31421/ijhs/6/3/102 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Z. Szabó ◽

J. Nyéki ◽

E. Felhősné Váczi

Keyword(s):

Sweet Cherry ◽

Sour Cherry ◽

Stone Fruit ◽

Self Incompatibility ◽

Side View ◽

Varietal Differences ◽

Stigmatic Surface ◽

Fruit Species ◽

Circular Form ◽

Size And Morphology

The morphology of the stigma has been studied in 50 varieties belonging to 6 stone fruit species. The majority of samples had elliptical stigmata with some exceptions with circular form (Duane, Tuleu gras). The surface of the stigma is papillary, flattened in side view (sweet cherry) or bulging (apricot, peach). The suture of the stigma is clearly visible as a depression and the varieties may differ in this respect. The size of the stigma depends highly from the season, although the varietal differences are maintained. The dimension of stigmatic surface is characteristic for the species expressed in square millimetres: sweet cherry 0.92 to 2.91; sour cherry 1.64 to 2.48; plum 0.83 to 1.80; oriental plum 0.53 to 1.15; apricot 0.57 to 1.69 mm2. The size and morphology of the stigma changes according to varieties too, and it may used in description and identification of varieties. No correlation has been found between the size of stigma and the fertility relations (self-fertility or self-incompatibility) of the respective varieties.

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Studies of rootstocks for stone fruit breeds (sweet cherry) in the condition of Hissar valley in Tajikistan

Agricultural Technologies ◽

10.35599/agritech/01.04.05 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 28-34

Author(s):

Rahima I. Ismoilova ◽

Sodzhida D. Umarova

Keyword(s):

Sweet Cherry ◽

Sour Cherry ◽

High Specificity ◽

Stone Fruit ◽

Wild Cherry ◽

Phenological Observation ◽

Entire Observation Period ◽

The Individual ◽

Leaf System ◽

Observation Period

This paper is about studying the rootstocks for stone fruit breeds (sweet cherry) in condition of Hissar valley in Tajikistan. Each type of rootstock has its own biological characteristics and imposes specific requirements for growing and development, both during reproduction in the mother plantation and during the growth of trees. For example, the root system in sour cherry is more superficial that of wild sweet cherry. Therefore, the care of trees grafted on sour cherry and wild cherry and of mother plantation bushes of these rootstocks cannot be same. Besides, there are very significant differences among the individual groups of rootstocks. Wild cherry, Mahaleb cherry and Lubskaya cherry are used as rootstocks in the conditions of the Hissar Valley in Tajikistan. High specificity of sweet cherry cultivar varieties depends on the rootstocks. Phenological observation were carried out in our experiments during years 2013-2018 in order to study their winter resistance, yield capacity and fruit quality. The same care for root and grafted plants was carried out during the entire observation period. At the same time a certain ratio between the leaf system of the rootstock and the graft was maintained by trimming the crown. As a result of the evolution and selection, we have identified the wild cherry forms which are distinguished by the highest yields. The most valuable cultivar varieties are Napoleon cherry and Bagration cherry. Compotes made of these varieties have received high evaluation in tasting.

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