scholarly journals Application of different combinations of lactic acid, phototrophic bacteria and yeast mixtures in control of seed and seedlings pathogens of tomato and pepper

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Danijela Ristic ◽  
Ivan Vucurovic ◽  
Goran Aleksic ◽  
Bogdan Nikolic ◽  
Sanja Djurovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Rhodopseudomonas Palustris ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Phototrophic Bacteria ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Tomato Seedling ◽  
Agar Diffusion Test ◽  
Seedling Protection

Application of three combinations of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus), phototrophic bacteria (Rhodopseudomonas palustris) and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) with sugar cane molasses, marked as: EM1, EM5 and EM AGRO, against the phytopathogenic fungi of tomato and pepper: Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum sp., Verticilium dahliae and Pythium aphanidermatum was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. A combination of bacteria and yeast named EM5 showed the highest mycelium growth inhibition against B. cinerea (38.4%) in a double agar diffusion test. In a microdilution test, the combination EM1 showed the highest inhibitory effect on B. cinerea (MIC 1x10-3 ?l/ml), while EM5 showed a similar inhibitory effect towards F. oxysporum, A. alternata and Colletotrichum sp. (MIC 10 ?l/ml). The use of EM1 (in concentrations 10 and 100 ?l/ml) and EM AGRO (10 ?l/ml) is recommended for tomato seedling protection. ??1 (100 ?l/ml), ??5 and ?? AGRO (10 ?l/ml) are recommended for pepper seedling protection.

scholarly journals Nisin and ε-poly-L-lysine as natural antimicrobials towards spoilage-associated Lactobacillus plantarum

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Cristina Kandalski Bortolotto ◽  
Maria Helena da Rosa Farfan ◽  
Nathalia Cristina Kleinke Jede ◽  
Gabriela Maia Danielski ◽  
Renata Ernlund Freitas de Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Natural Antimicrobials ◽  
Food Preservatives ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Identification

ABSTRACT: Sausages are highly susceptible to microbial spoilage. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is the main group of spoilage bacteria in vacuum packed cooked sausages. To control microbial growth natural antimicrobials have been used as food preservatives. The aim of this study was to identify strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from spoiled commercial Calabresa sausages and use them in an in vitro challenge with the natural antimicrobials, nisin (NI) and ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL). Mass spectrometry identification of LAB isolated from sausages using MALDI-TOF revealed a predominance of L. plantarum in the LAB population. RAPD-PCR of L. plantarum strains showed four different genetic profiles. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of NI and ε-PL, alone and in combination, against a pool of different profiles L. plantarum were determined. MIC of NI and ε-PL were 0.468 mg/ L and 75 mg/ L; respectively, whereas MBC of NI and ε-PL were 12.48 mg/L and 150 mg/L, respectively. The combined effect of NI and ε-PL was determined using concentrations at 1/4 and 1/8 of individual MICs. Synergistic effect was confirmed at both concentrations showing a fractional inhibitory concentration index of 0.5 and 0.2, respectively. The combination of NI and ε-PL at a small concentration of 0.05 mg/L and 9.375 mg/L, respectively, showed inhibitory effect towards spoilage L. plantarum Results show the potential of the combined use of NI and ε-PL to control sausage spoilage-associated with lactobacilli.

Amiodarone induces stress responses and calcium flux mediated by the cell wall in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Courchesne ◽  
Meral Tunc ◽  
Sha Liao
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Calcium Flux ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Amiodarone Treatment ◽  
Kinetics Of

We used a proteomic approach to study effects of amiodarone on cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Amiodarone has been shown to have antifungal activity in vitro and causes a massive increase in cytoplasmic calcium levels ([Ca2+]cyt). Proteomic analysis of cells exposed to amiodarone show that this drug elicits stress responses and points to involvement of proteins associated with the cell wall. We tested several of those proteins for involvement in the Ca2+ flux. In particular, the amiodarone-induced Ca2+ flux was decreased in bgl2Δ cells, which have altered levels of β-glucan and chitin. The involvement of the cell wall in the Ca2+ flux induced by amiodarone treatment was tested by addition of yeast cell-wall components. While mannan inhibited the rise in [Ca2+]cyt, β-glucan potentiated the Ca2+ flux by 4.5-fold, providing evidence that the cell wall is directly involved in controlling this Ca2+ flux. This conclusion is corroborated by the inhibition of the Ca2+ flux by calcofluor, which is known to bind to cell-wall chitin and inhibit cell growth. Zymolyase treatment altered the kinetics of amiodarone-induced calcium flux and uncoupled the inhibitory effect of calcofluor. These effects demonstrate that the cell-wall β-glucan regulates calcium flux elicited by amiodarone.

scholarly journals Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains on the Growth and Aflatoxin Production Potential of Aspergillus parasiticus, and Their Ability to Bind Aflatoxin B1, Ochratoxin A, and Zearalenone in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleide Oliveira de Almeida Møller ◽  
Luisa Freire ◽  
Roice Eliana Rosim ◽  
Larissa Pereira Margalho ◽  
Celso Fasura Balthazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Aflatoxin B

The increased consumption of plant-based foods has intensified the concern related to mycotoxin intoxication. This study aimed to investigate the effect of selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains on the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 and its production of aflatoxin (AF). The ability of the heat-killed (100°C for 1 h) LAB strains to bind aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), and zearalenone (ZEN) in potassium phosphate buffer (PPB) was also evaluated in vitro. Ten LAB strains were tested individually, by inoculating them simultaneously with the fungus or after incubation of the fungus for 24 or 48 h at 25°C. Double layer yeast extract sucrose (YES) agar, de Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar, and YES broth were incubated for 7 days at 25°C to follow the development of the fungus. Levilactobacillus spp. 3QB398 and Levilactobacillus brevis 2QB422 strains were able to delay the growth of A. parasiticus in YES broth, even when these strains were inoculated 24 h after the fungus. The inhibitory effect of these LAB strains was confirmed by the reduction of fungus colony size, suggesting dominance of LAB by competition (a Lotka-Voltera effect). The production of AFB1 by A. parasiticus was inhibited when the fungus was inoculated simultaneously with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 3QB361 or L. plantarum 3QB350. No AFB1 was found when Levilactobacillus spp. 2QB383 was present, even when the LAB was inoculated 48 h after the fungus. In binding studies, seven inactivated LAB strains were able to promote a reduction of at least 50% the level of AFB1, OTA, and ZEN. This reduction varied depending on the pH of the PPB. In milk, however, only two inactivated LAB strains were able to reduce AFM1, with a reduction of 33 and 45% for Levilactobacillus spp. 3QB398 (Levilactobacillus spp.) and L. brevis 2QB422, respectively. Nevertheless, these results clearly indicate the potential of using LAB for mycotoxin reduction.

Comparison of the Effects of Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Activities of Self-adhesive, Eugenol and Noneugenol Temporary and Traditional Cements on Gingiva and Pulp Living Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Alkurt ◽  
Zeynep Yesil Duymus ◽  
Tugay Sisci
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pulp Cell ◽  
Luting Cement ◽  
Agar Diffusion Test

Aims and objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the antibacterial and cytotoxic effect of cements: zinc polycarboxylate, glass ionomer, self-adhesive resin cement, eugenol-containing and eugenol-free temporary cements. Materials and methods: The agar-diffusion test was carried out on 4 types of bacteria: Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans; ATCC 35668), Streptococcus salivarius ( S. salivarius; ATCC 13419), Streptococcus sangius ( S. sangius; ATCC 10556), and Lactobacillus casei ( L. casei; ATCC 27139). Freshly prepared cement samples were placed on a brain heart infusion medium and left at 37°C for 24 hours in a CO2 incubator. Ampicillin disks of 10 mg were used as positive controls. Antimicrobial effects were determined using the zone of inhibition measurement in millimeters at 24 and 48 hours. Cytotoxicity was assessed through a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay (SERVA Electrophoresis GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany). To evaluate cell viability, an optical density microplate reader (Tecan™ Sunrise, Männedorf, Switzerland) was used at 24 and 48 hours at 570 and 630 nm, respectively. Results: Except the positive control group, the Adhesor luting cement showed a higher inhibitory effect on S. sangius and L. casei. RelyX Temp E temporary cement showed an inhibitory effect on S. sangius and L. casei, whereas the Cavex temporary cement showed an inhibitory effect on only S. sangius at 24 and 48 hours. At 100% concentration, Cavex temporary cement showed the least toxicity (23.6% pulp cell and 9.9% gingival cell) and highest cell viability (76.4% pulp cell and 90.1% gingival cell) at 24 hours. However, Meron, Adhesor, Panavia SA luting, and RelyX Temp E temporary cements showed the highest toxicity (above 94% gingival cell and 95% pulp cell) at 100% concentration. Conclusions: Meron, Adhesor, Panavia SA luting, and RelyX Temp E temporary cements may have a cytotoxic potential. None of the cements showed an inhibitory effect on S. mutan and S. salivarius, whereas Adhesor luting cement has a higher inhibitory effect than that of S. sangius and L. casei.

Evaluation of the effect of a heat-killed lactic acid bacterium, Enterococcus faecalis 2001, on oral candidiasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-669
Author(s):  
T. Yamazaki ◽  
R. Ushikoshi-Nakayama ◽  
K. Shirone ◽  
M. Suzuki ◽  
S. Abe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Oral Candida

The effect of a preparation of heat-killed Gram-positive lactic acid bacteria Enterococcus faecalis 2001 (EF-2001) on oral candidiasis was evaluated by two studies. An in vitro study was performed to assess the inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of Candida strains isolated from a patient with oral candidiasis, and a clinical study was done in patients with oral candidiasis. In the in vitro study, EF-2001 inhibited mycelial growth of IT-1, a Candida strain isolated from a patient with oral candidiasis, at concentrations ≥2.34×109 cells/ml. An open clinical study was performed in 13 patients with oral candidiasis. The subjects took a powder containing 7.5×1011 heat-killed EF-2001 once a day before bedtime for seven consecutive days. In 11 of the 12 patients available for analysis (92%), the oral Candida load (cfu/swab) showed a significant decrease (P=0.01079, d=-0.437). There was a 55% decrease of Candida albicans and a 93.8% decrease of Candida glabrata. The following symptoms showed significant improvement: tinnitus (P=0.048, d=-0.462), cold feeling (P=0.048, d=-0.463), and depression (P=0.019, d=-0.34). In addition, 4 out of 26 oral symptoms tended to improve. These results suggest that EF-2001 significantly decreased the oral Candida load in patients with oral candidiasis by inhibiting mycelial growth and that EF-2001 is an effective treatment for oral candidiasis.

scholarly journals Co-Microencapsulation of Flavonoids from Yellow Onion Skins and Lactic Acid Bacteria Lead to Multifunctional Ingredient for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutics Applications

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1053
Author(s):  
Ștefania Adelina Milea ◽  
Mihaela Aida Vasile ◽  
Oana Crăciunescu ◽  
Ana-Maria Prelipcean ◽  
Gabriela Elena Bahrim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Yellow Onion

In this study, flavonoids extracted from yellow onion skins and Lactobacillus casei were encapsulated in a combination of whey protein isolate, inulin and maltodextrin with an encapsulation efficiency of 84.82 ± 0.72% for flavonoids and 72.49 ± 0.11% for lactic acid bacteria. The obtained powder showed a flavonoid content of 89.49 ± 4.12 mg quercetin equivalents/g dry weight (DW) and an antioxidant activity of 39.27 ± 0.45 mM Trolox/g DW. The powder presented a significant antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory potential, with an inhibitory effect on α-amylase, lipase and lipoxygenase of 76.40 ± 2.30%, 82.58 ± 3.36% and 49.01 ± 0.62%, respectively. The results obtained for in vitro digestion showed that the coating materials have a protective effect on the flavonoids release. Cytotoxicity results indicated that the powder was cytocompatible up to a concentration of 500 μg/mL. The functional potential of the powder was tested by adding in a selected food matrix, highlighting a good stability of the phytochemicals, whereas an increase with 1 log cell forming unit (CFU)/g DW was observed after 21 days of storage. The obtained results are promising in the valorization of natural antioxidants in combination with lactic acid bacteria in order to develop multifunctional ingredients with value-added for food and pharmaceutics applications.

scholarly journals The antimicrobial activity of Azadirachta indica, Mimusops elengi, Tinospora cardifolia, Ocimum sanctum and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate on common endodontic pathogens: An in vitro study

2014 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 172-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunjal S. Mistry ◽  
Zarna Sanghvi ◽  
Girish Parmar ◽  
Samir Shah
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Agar Diffusion Test

ABSTRACT Objective: To check the antimicrobial activity of Azadirachta indica (Neem), Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), Mimusops elelngi (Bakul), Tinospora cardifolia (Giloy) and Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHX) on common endodontic pathogens like Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis and staphylococcus aureus. Materials and Methods: The agar diffusion test was used to check the antimicrobial activity of the Methanolic extracts of the medicinal plants along with CHX. Six different concentrations of the tested agents were used for the study. The values of Zone of Inhibition were tabulated according to the concentration of the tested agent and data was statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC) values were also recorded. Results: All the plants extracts showed considerable antimicrobial activity against selected endodontic pathogens. At 3mg. concentration, O.sanctum was the most effective against S. mutans, M. elengi showed highest zone of inhibition against E.faecalis, whereas CHX was the most effective agent against S.aureus. CHX was also the most consistent of all the medicaments testes, showing inhibitory effect against all the tree pathogens at all the selected concentrations. Conclusions: The Methanolic extract of A. Indica, O.sanctum, M. Elengi, T.cardifolia and Chlorhexidine Gluconate has considerable antimicrobial activity against S. mutans, E. faecalis and S. aureus.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity and Potential Mechanism of 6,7, 4′-O-Triacetylscutellarein Combined With Fluconazole Against Drug-Resistant C. albicans

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu-Yan Su ◽  
Guang-Hui Ni ◽  
Yi-Chuan Liao ◽  
Liu-Qing Su ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Mycelium Growth

The increased resistance of Candida albicans to conventional antifungal drugs poses a huge challenge to the clinical treatment of this infection. In recent years, combination therapy, a potential treatment method to overcome C. albicans resistance, has gained traction. This study assessed the effect of 6,7,4′-O-triacetylscutellarein (TA) combined with fluconazole (FLC) on C. albicans in vitro and in vivo. TA combined with FLC showed good synergistic antifungal activity against drug-resistant C. albicans in vitro, with a partial inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of 0.0188–0.1800. In addition, the time-kill curve confirmed the synergistic effect of TA and FLC. TA combined with FLC showed a strong synergistic inhibitory effect on the biofilm formation of resistant C. albicans. The combined antifungal efficacy of TA and FLC was evaluated in vivo in a mouse systemic fungal infection model. TA combined with FLC prolonged the survival rate of mice infected with drug-resistant C. albicans and reduced tissue invasion. TA combined with FLC also significantly inhibited the yeast-hypha conversion of C. albicans and significantly reduced the expression of RAS-cAMP-PKA signaling pathway-related genes (RAS1 and EFG1) and hyphal-related genes (HWP1 and ECE1). Furthermore, the mycelium growth on TA combined with the FLC group recovered after adding exogenous db-cAMP. Collectively, these results show that TA combined with FLC inhibits the formation of hyphae and biofilms through the RAS-cAMP-PKA signaling pathway, resulting in reduced infectivity and resistance of C. albicans. Therefore, this study provides a basis for the treatment of drug-resistant C. albicans infections.

scholarly journals Differential antifungal activity of alfalfa (Medicago santva L.) saponins originated from roots and aerial parts for some ornamental plant pathogens

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Saniewska ◽  
Marian Jurzysta ◽  
Zbigniew Biały
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Necrotic Spots

The total saponins isolated from aerial parts and roots of alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.) at the concentration of 0,01%, 0,05% and 0,1% showed differential influence on the mycelium growth of <i>Alternaria zinniae, Botrytis cinerea, Botrytis tulipae, Phoma narcissi, Phoma poolensis</i> and <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>. A higher inhibitory effect on in vitro growth of mycelium of all tested pathogens indicated saponins from roots of alfalfa than from aerial parts. Tested saponins from roots at lhe concentration of 0,1% totally inhibited linear growth of Phoma narcissi, and linear growth of <i>Alternaria zinniae</i> was limited about 67%, Botrytis cinerea about 74%, Botrytis tulipae about 68%, Phoma poolensis about 38%, and <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> about 74% in comparison to the control. The saponins of alfalfa from roots at the concentration of 0,1% and 0,2% applied as preinoculation sprays evidently inhibited the development of <i>Phoma narcissi</i> on <i>Hippeastrum</i> leaves. This dose of aerial saponins of alfalfa did not effect the development of necrotic spots on the leaves.

scholarly journals The inhibitory effect of tropolone and hinokitiol on the mycelium growth of Phoma narcissi in vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Alicja Saniewska ◽  
Marian Saniewski
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Total Inhibition ◽  
Antifungal Action

Tropolone and hinokitiol (β-thujaplicin) that are present in heartwood of several Cupressaceae trees are known for their antibacterial, antifungal and insecticidal properties. In the present studies it was showed that tropolone and hinokitiol greatly inhibited <i>in vitro</i>, on PDA medium, the mycelium growth of <i>Phoma narcissi</i>, a pathogen of <i>Hippeastrum</i> and other species of family Amaryllidaceae. Total inhibition of the mycelium growth of <i>Phoma narcissi</i> took place at a tropolone concentration of 6.0 µg·cm<sup>-3</sup> and at a hinokitiol concentration of 50.0 µg·cm<sup>-3</sup>. Fungicidal doses of tropolone and hinokitiol for the mycelium growth of <i>Phoma narcissi</i> were also documented. The results presented in this paper are discussed with data available in literature on the antifungal action of tropolone and hinokitiol on other species of pathogenic fungi.

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