scholarly journals Changes in subgingival microflora after placement and removal of fixed orthodontic appliances

2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 301-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Zivkovic-Sandic ◽  
Branka Popovic ◽  
Jelena Carkic ◽  
Nadja Nikolic ◽  
Branislav Glisic
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Group A ◽  
Subgingival Microflora ◽  
Fixed Appliances ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Right

Introduction. The placement of fixed orthodontic appliances may lead to increased plaque accumulation and changes in subgingival microflora. Objective. The aim of this study was to examine the changes in frequency of subgingival microflora that occur after placement and removal of fixed orthodontic appliance using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods. This study included 33 orthodontic patients, who were divided into two groups. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from the right upper incisor (U1) and right upper first molar (U6). In group A, the samples were taken three times: before placement appliance (T1), after one month (T2), and after 3 months (T3). In group B the samples were also taken three times: before appliance removal (T1), after one month (T2), and after three months (T3). PCR method was used to determine the presence of P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, T. forsythia, and P. intermedia. Results. In group A the frequency of P. gingivalis showed statistically significant decrease at U1 (p=0.049) and U6 (p=0.008), from T1 to T2, and at U1 (p=0.048) from T1 to T3. In group B only the frequency of T. forsythia showed a statistically significant decrease, at U6 (T1 vs. T2, p=0.004; T1 vs. T3, p=0.0003). Regarding other analyzed bacteria, changes in the presence were noticed but no statistical significance was found. Conclusion. Placement of fixed appliances may have an impact on subgingival microflora, but in the first months after the placement and removal of the appliance changes were not significant, probably due to good oral hygiene.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING SIWAK TOOTHPASTE ON PLAQUE ACCUMULATION IN FIXED ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES USERS’

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-115
Author(s):  
HIMAWAN HALIM ◽  
TALITHA AYULIA SALSABILA
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Salvadora Persica ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
Fixed Appliances ◽  
Group B ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliance

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the ability of toothpaste containing Salvadora persica (Siwak) to reduce the accumulation of dirt in the oral cavity compared to ordinary toothpaste users in fixed orthodontic users. Methods: It was conducted on 40 subjects, divided into two groups of A and B. Group A uses Siwak, while Group B uses ordinary toothpaste. The research subjects were students that utilized fixed appliances for at least 6 months and without periodontal disease. Data were obtained by measuring the plaque level before and after using the toothpaste. Results: A significant relationship between the use of Siwak and ordinary toothpaste by reducing its accumulation in patients using fixed orthodontic appliances and a Chi-square statistical test value of 0.018. Conclusion: The use of Siwak is more effective in reducing plaque accumulation in fixed orthodontic appliance users compared to ordinary toothpaste.

scholarly journals Effect of fixed orthodontic appliances on nonmicrobial salivary parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 806-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis P. Zogakis ◽  
Erez Koren ◽  
Shlomit Gorelik ◽  
Isaac Ginsburg ◽  
Miriam Shalish
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ph Decrease

ABSTRACT Objectives: To examine possible changes in the levels of salivary antioxidants, C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol, pH, proteins, and blood in patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances. Materials and Methods: Salivary samples from 21 orthodontic patients who met specific inclusion criteria were collected before the beginning of orthodontic treatment (T0; baseline), 1 hour after bonding (T1), and 4–6 weeks after bonding (T2). Oxidant-scavenging ability (OSA) was quantified using a luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. Cortisol and CRP levels were measured using immunoassay kits. pH levels and presence of proteins and blood in the samples were quantified using strip-based tests. Results: A significant decrease in salivary pH was observed after bonding (P = .013). An increase in oxidant-scavenging abilities during orthodontic treatment was detected, but the change was not statistically significant. Cortisol and CRP levels slightly increased after bonding, but the difference was small without statistical significance. Changes in the presence of proteins and blood were also insignificant. Conclusions: Exposure to fixed orthodontic appliances did not show a significant effect on salivary parameters related to inflammation or stress, with the exception of a significant but transient pH decrease after bonding.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress Levels in Orthodontic Patients and Efficacy of Antioxidant Supplements in Combating Its Effects- A Randomized Clinical Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Sheetal Yamyar ◽  
Suchita Daokar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Randomized Clinical Study ◽  
Gingival Health ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Group A ◽  
Antioxidant Supplements ◽  
Group B

Introduction: Orthodontic appliances are considered to be biocompatible although adverse effects attributed to release of nickel ion which are free radicals in oral cavity. These free radical produce damages both in cellular and extracellular components phospholipid membrane, proteins, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA leading to Oxidative stress which is normally counter balanced by the action antioxidant mechanisms. However in higher concentrations of free radicals resulting in cellular death and apoptosis Orthodontic appliances such as brackets, wire, resins has considered as potential allergen leading to release of free radicals. The study was conducted to determine and compare the role of oxidative stress and role of antioxidants in saliva of patients undergoing fixed orthodontic appliances therapy at different time intervals. Materials & Method: A double-blinded, parallel, randomized clinical study was designed consisting of 40 healthy participants, aged 15-30yrs. The samples were divided into two groups Group A without antioxidants supplements and Group B with antioxidants supplements. Salivary MDA levels and gingival health index was recorded at different time intervals from each group. Salivary Lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde) level was estimated using Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method and gingival status was investigated using Silness & Loe gingival index. Intragroup and intergroup comparison was statistically analyzed using student’s paired T test. Result: Increased salivary MDA levels and mild to moderate amount of gingivitis is seen in both groups. This is more pronounced after 24 hours of appliance placement. Improvement in salivary MDA levels and gingival health status is observed during the course of treatment, In Group B the salivary MDA levels and gingival health index score reached below their pretreatment values. However even after a span of 3 months the levels remained higher to their base values in Group A. Conclusion: Improvement in salivary MDA levels and gingival health status is observed following antioxidant therapy during course of treatment, indicating combating nature of antioxidant supplements in orthodontic patients.

scholarly journals Microbiological Evaluation of Octenidine Dihydrochloride Mouth Rinse after 5 Days' Use in Orthodontic Patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 766-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alev Aksoy Dogan ◽  
Emel Sesli Cetin ◽  
Emad Hüssein ◽  
Ali Kudret Adiloglu
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Lactobacillus Species ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Cariogenic Bacteria ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Octenidine Dihydrochloride ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Fixed Appliances

Abstract Objective: To determine the absolute and relative antibacterial activity of octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT) against total and cariogenic bacteria in saliva samples of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances during 5 days of usage. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 5 male and 13 female subjects who were selected from patients in the Clinic of Orthodontics. Each patient was given physiologic saline (PS), chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine complex (PVP-I), and OCT every morning for 5 days, each separated by a 2-week interval. Total and cariogenic bacteria in saliva samples of orthodontically treated patients with fixed appliances were collected during 5 days of usage. Unstimulated saliva was collected as a baseline sample. Saliva samples were collected at 15 minutes, and on the second, third, and fifth day after rinsing the mouth with any of the solutions for 30 seconds, and bacterial counts were detected. Results: OCT showed an ultimate reduction of total viable oral bacteria, Lactobacillus species, and Streptococcus mutans in vivo. OCT also had a significantly greater inhibitory effect than 0.2% CHX and 7.5% PVP-I, from the beginning of the study until the fifth day after the orthodontic appliances were bonded (P < .1). Conclusions: OCT compared favorably with respect to CHX and PVP-I complex in orthodontically treated patients with fixed appliances (P ≤ .1).

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF ENAMEL SURFACE AFTER APPLICATION OF TUNGSTEN CARBIDE BUR FOR RESIDUAL ADHESIVE REMOVAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijana Arapović Savić ◽  
Adriana Arbutina ◽  
Mirjana Umićević Davidović ◽  
Vladan Mirjanić ◽  
Irena Kuzmanović Radman
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Adhesive Removal

Enamel damage often occurs in a process of adhesive removal after the completion of therapy with fixed orthodontic appliances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the enamel surface after applying a 12-fluted round tungsten carbide bur for adhesive removal at different speeds of dental micro motor after debonding brackets. Material and method: On 40 human premolars, extracted for orthodontic purposes, metal brackets were bonded with composite material. After removing the brackets, the sample was divided into two groups: group A - 20 teeth from which the rest of the composite material was removed with a round tungsten carbide bur at 8,000 rotations per minute and group B - 20 teeth from which the rest of adhesive was removed with a round tungsten carbide bur at 32,000 rotations per minute. For each sample, four images were made under different magnifications by scanning electron microscopy, and the damage estimation was performed using the Enamel damage index (EDI) and Surface roughness index (SRI). Results: The most common EDI score on the overall level was 3 (62.5%), while the most commonly represented SRI score was 2 (52.5%). There was no statistically significant difference in the average values of the EDI index (t (38) = -.96, p> .05) and in the average SRI index values (t (38) = -. 89, p> .05) between two tooth examined groups. Conclusion: Enamel damage was found after applying a round tungsten carbide bur at 8,000 and 32,000 rpm. The number of rotations per minute did not affect the size of enamel damage.

Microbiological Changes and Caries-Preventive Effect of an Innovative Varnish Containing Chlorhexidine in Orthodontic Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lídia Lipták ◽  
Krisztina Szabó ◽  
Gábor Nagy ◽  
Sándor Márton ◽  
Melinda Madléna
Keyword(s):  
Dental Arch ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Fixed Appliance ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Cervitec Plus® on the level of mutans streptococcus (SM) and lactobacillus (LB) colonies and the development of white spot lesions (WSLs) in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Informed consent was obtained from 32 volunteers (age 16.5 ± 2.75 years). At baseline, levels of the bacterial colonies were determined in saliva and plaque using a chairside test (CRT Bacteria, Ivoclar-Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), and the number of WSLs was registered. After placing the fixed appliance, Cervitec Plus® or placebo varnishes (Ivoclar-Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) were applied monthly around the brackets and tubes, randomly in the right or left (test and placebo) quadrants of the same dental arch. SM and LB colonies in saliva and the SM colonies in plaque were determined on 11–21, 13–23, 15–25, and 16–26 teeth monthly over a 6-month period. At the sixth month, the number of new WSLs was determined. By the end of the study, compared with baseline, the ratio of saliva samples belonging to the low-risk category was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.01) from the 2nd month regarding the SM (76 vs. 52%) and LB (69 vs. 52%); reduction of SM in plaque was significantly greater on the test than placebo sides (6.69 ± 1.71 and 4.45 ± 1.60, respectively; p ≤ 0.01). The mean number of new WSLs was significantly lower in the test (0.06 ± 1.60) than in the placebo quadrants (1.13 ± 1.50, p ≤ 0.01). Conclusion: Monthly use of Cervitec Plus® could result in a significant improvement in oral health of orthodontic patients.

scholarly journals Microbiological Evaluation of 0.2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate Mouth Rinse in Orthodontic Patients

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 881-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emel Sari ◽  
Ilhan Birinci
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Fixed Appliances

Abstract Objective: To assess the effectiveness of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouth rinse on Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli in orthodontic patients with fixed appliances. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients, aged 13–18, with fixed orthodontic appliances participated in the study. The levels of S mutans and lactobacilli in saliva samples were evaluated at four stages: at the beginning of the orthodontic treatment, at least 2 weeks after the bonding of brackets, 1 week after the introduction of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouth rinse, and at the fourth week. The changes in S mutans and lactobacilli levels were analyzed via Wilcoxon test. Results: Increases in bacterial levels of S mutans and lactobacilli were detected after the orthodontic appliances were bonded. A significant decrease in S mutans levels was observed 1 week after the introduction of chlorhexidine mouth rinse. Conclusions: An 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouth rinse decreased S mutans levels, but had no effect on lactobacilli levels.

The effectiveness of a dental gel with barberry extract in the treatment of plaque-induced gingivitis in orthodontic patients undergoing treatment with fixed appliances

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
A. G. Skubitskaya ◽  
I. V. Firsova ◽  
S. V. Poroyskyi ◽  
O. G. Strusovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Group I ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Fixed Appliances ◽  
Group Ii

Relevance. The high necessity in orthodontic treatment among young patients and the use of fixed orthodontic appliances for the treatment of dental pathology are the factors that initiate inflammatory periodontal processes. Timely diagnosis and optimal preventive and treatment procedures can prevent or stop the inflammatory periodontal complications which could have developed during the orthodontic treatment. One of the effective methods for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases is the use of targeted antimicrobial agents based on medicinal plants that have specific antimicrobial activity against periodontal pathogens. Purpose – to study the effectiveness of the dental gel with barberry extract for the treatment of plaque-induced gingivitis in orthodontic patients during the active phase of the treatment with fixed appliances.Materials and methods. The study included 60 patients (35 women and 25 men) aged 18 to 35 years who had presented for the orthodontic care. The patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances were randomly divided into two groups. In group I, the patients were prescribed applications of a dental gel with barberry extract; in group II, this medication was not prescribed. The clinical condition of the periodontium was assessed with periodontal indices PMA, SBI and OHI-S. The immune status was evaluated by the level of secretory IgA, interleukins (IL-1β and IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The patients were followed up during 1 month of treatment. The results were statistically processed with Statsoft Statistica 8.0 and Graph Pad Prism 5.0.Results. In group II, the production of immunoglobulin IgA, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines was impaired after a month of treatment, associated with a significant deterioration in the oral hygiene status and an increase in PMA (by 3 times), SBI (by 5.3 times) indices. In group II, the oral fluid concentrations of IL-1β, IL-4 and TNF-α significantly differed from those in group I as of the 7th day of the observation period and indicated suppression of the mucosal immunity. Clinical and immune parameters of the group I patients improved and were comparable with the control by the end of the observation month.Conclusions. Patients with dental abnormalities are at risk of developing inflammatory periodontal diseases. The results of the immunological tests, performed during the treatment with the use of a dental gel with barberry extract, demonstrated the recovery of the local immunity, as evidenced by the elevation of secretory immunoglobulin A in saliva and improvement of cytokine profile parameters.

scholarly journals Clinical evaluation of periodontal health during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 265-268
Author(s):  
T. Hănțoiu ◽  
Adriana Monea ◽  
Luminița Lazăr ◽  
Liana Hănțoiu
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Fixed Appliances ◽  
Group B ◽  
Interdental Brush

Abstract Objectives: Fixed orthodontic appliances make daily application of oral hygiene standard procedures more difficult and in time may lead to accumulation of oral biofilms and development of gingivitis and hyperplasia. The aim of the study is to evaluate the periodontal health expressed by clinical indices in patients under orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances, according to different oral hygene maintenance programs. Material and method: We performed a randomized prospective study on 60 patients with fixed orthodontic appliances (17-25 years of age) devided in three study groups. The clnical indices recorded were: modified gingival index, plaque index and sulcular bleeding index. Statistical analysis or the results were carried out using Student t test. Results: The patients were randomly divided into three groups: group A-patients were instructed to use electric brush, water flosser and interdental brush, group B- electric brush, interdental brush and fluoride and group C- manual brushing and fluoride. Statistical comparison of the values of the indexes with the Student t test for independent samples showed statistically significant differences in all three groups of patients studied between initial and final values of all recorded clinical parameters. Conclusions: Fixed orthodontics do not induce periodontal disease if basic principles of oral hygiene are followed in compliant patients, which are correctly instructed to deal with real challenge, represented by complete elimination of debris and bacterial accumulation.

scholarly journals Short-term Effect of Mastic Gum on Salivary Concentrations of Cariogenic Bacteria in Orthodontic Patients

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alev Aksoy ◽  
Nizami Duran ◽  
Serdar Toroglu ◽  
Fatih Koksal
Keyword(s):  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Fixed Appliances ◽  
Caries Lesions ◽  
Total Bacteria

Abstract Objective: To determine antibacterial activity of chewing mastic gum against the salivary levels of Streptococcus mutans, the total number of viable bacteria, and lactobacilli in patients undergoing therapy with fixed orthodontic appliances. Materials and Methods: In this study, the levels of S mutans, lactobacilli, and total cultivated bacteria were measured before and after chewing mastic gum. The antibacterial effects of chewing mastic gum against these microorganisms in saliva were compared with a placebo gum. The counts for orthodontically treated patients were evaluated before chewing gum; just after chewing gum; and after 45, 75, 105, and 135 minutes. Saliva samples taken from the patients were inoculated onto trypticase-yeast-cystine-bacitracin agar for mutans streptococci and onto Rogosa agar for lactobacilli. The agar plates were incubated for 48 hours anaerobically at 37°C. The total number of viable bacteria was then counted. Results: Just after chewing the mastic gum for 15 minutes, a significant decrease of total bacteria and S mutans was observed (P < .001). The reduction in lactobacilli was not significant at later first stage (P > .05). However, at the end of 135 minutes, there were significantly fewer S mutans (P < .001), total viable bacteria (P < .001), and lactobacilli (P < .001) in the oral cavity after chewing mastic gum than after chewing paraffin (P < .001). The results show that chewing mastic gum decreased the total viable bacteria, S mutans, and lactobacilli in saliva in orthodontically treated patients with fixed appliances. Conclusion: Chewing mastic gum might be useful in preventing caries lesions.

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