scholarly journals Investigating the impact of in-vehicle transients on diesel soot emissions

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Filipi ◽  
Jonathan Hagena ◽  
Hosam Fathy
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Test Cell ◽  
System Response ◽  
Particulate Emission ◽  
Power Train ◽  
The Real ◽  
Vehicle System ◽  
Soot Emissions ◽  
The Impact

This paper describes development of a test cell setup for concurrent running of a real engine and a simulation of the vehicle system, and its use for investigating highly-dynamic engine-in-vehicle operation and its effect on diesel engine emissions. Running an engine in the test cell under conditions experienced in the vehicle enables acquiring detailed insight into dynamic interactions between power train sub-systems, and the impact of it on fuel consumption and transient emissions. This type of data may otherwise be difficult and extremely costly to obtain from a vehicle prototype test. In particular, engine system response during critical transients and the effect of transient excursions on emissions are investigated using advanced, fast-response test instrumentation and emissions analyzers. Main enablers of the work include the highly dynamic AC electric dynamometer with the accompanying computerized control system and the computationally efficient simulation of the driveline/vehicle system. The latter is developed through systematic energy-based proper modeling that tailors the virtual model to capture critical powertrain transients while running in real time. Coupling the real engine with the virtual driveline/vehicle offers a chance to easily modify vehicle parameters, and even study different power train configurations. In particular, the paper describes the engine-in-the-loop study of a V-8, 6l engine coupled to a virtual 4?4 off road vehicle. This engine is considered as a high-performance option for this truck and the real prototype of the complete vehicle does not exist yet. The results shed light on critical transients in a conventional powertrain and their effect on NOx and soot emissions. Measurements demonstrate very large spikes of particulate concentration at the initiation of vehicle acceleration events. Characterization of transients and their effect on particulate emission provides a basis for devising engine-level or vehicle level strategies, and direct guidance for developing drive-by-wire systems and/or hybrid supervisory control.

scholarly journals TO CONTROL OR NOT TO CONTROL: HOW DO WE LEARN MORE ABOUT HOW AGRONOMIC INNOVATIONS PERFORM ON FARMS?

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (S1) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
RIC COE ◽  
JOYCE NJOLOMA ◽  
FERGUS SINCLAIR
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Real World ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
System Response ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
The Real ◽  
Important Variation ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYOur paper ‘Loading the dice in favour of the farmer: reducing the risk of adopting agronomic innovations’ revealed mean increases but also large variation in the impact of four agroforestry practises on maize yield, as experienced by farmers in Malawi. This prompted a response from Sileshi and Akinnifesi that was critical of the data and methods used. Their main concern was that farmers did not necessarily manage crops identically in plots with and those without trees, so the yield differences that we measured may be partly caused by these differences in crop management. We argue here that it is valid and useful to look at the actual effect on crop yield of farmers having trees intercropped with maize, rather than controlling for how the crop is managed, because this is what happens in the real world. Farmers respond to having trees in their field by treating their crop differently, so this is part of the system response to having trees in fields. Attempts to eliminate this will result in measuring an artefact rather than the real impact of trees on crop yield. By doing this, we revealed important variation in the impact of trees on crop yield amongst farmers, and we argue that it is important to explore, assess and communicate to farmers and development actors the extent and implications of this variation. Understanding the contextual factors that determine who is likely to benefit most from an innovation and for whom it is less suitable can then be incorporated in scaling up, so that targeting of innovations and the appropriateness of messages given to farmers are continuously refined.

scholarly journals Simulations of the impact of small details on the magnetic fileld distribution for the compact superconducting cyclotron SC200 commissioning

2019 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 07002
Author(s):  
Dmitry Popov ◽  
Oleg Karamyshev ◽  
Galina Karamysheva ◽  
Vladimir Malinin ◽  
Grigori Shirkov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Field Distribution ◽  
High Precision ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Magnetic Field Distribution ◽  
The Real ◽  
Superconducting Cyclotron ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Modern packages for the design and simulation of cyclotron magnet systems, such as Tosca, CST Studio, Comsol, etc., combined with recent hardware of high performance, allow us to simulate and estimate even a subtle impact on the magnetic field distribution caused by small details and other systems of the accelerator. Such reckoning provides the data to perform and simulate the refilnement of the magnet called the ‘shimming’. That means a signifilcant part of the commissioning stage could be done in ‘virtual reality’. This could substantially decrease the duration of the shimming procedure of the real magnet and the amount of the material wasted on it, eventually this results in a fileld of high-precision which could be compared to real one.

Upgrading a High Performance Spectrophotometer

1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Massie ◽  
Stephen R. Delwiche
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Optical Filters ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
System Response ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Single Beam

A spectrophotometer system was updated with a new computer and control circuitry to measure qualitative and quantitative characteristics of agricultural products between the ultraviolet and near infrared (NIR) regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. This single beam instrument, along with its computer, has a wavelength repeatability of 0.005 nm. This performance is required for proper system response compensation in a single beam system. Analog electronics are kept to a minimum by early conversion of the signal with a 10-μs 16-bit analog-to-digital (A/D) converter. A fast response real-time computer is required to service the A/D, wavelength drive and optical chopper. Herein, the development and selection of computer interfaces, data collection techniques and performance characteristics of this laboratory spectrophotometer system are described. The system is regularly used as the development tool in investigating new measurement techniques on agricultural products. It is also used to evaluate optical filters and other spectrophotometric systems.

Dietary Vitamin and Stability of Oral Anticoagulation: Proposal of a Diet with Constant Vitamin K1 Content

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (03) ◽  
pp. 504-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L Booth ◽  
Jacqueline M Charnley ◽  
James A Sadowski ◽  
Edward Saltzman ◽  
Edwin G Bovill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin K1 ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

SummaryCase reports cited in Medline or Biological Abstracts (1966-1996) were reviewed to evaluate the impact of vitamin K1 dietary intake on the stability of anticoagulant control in patients using coumarin derivatives. Reported nutrient-drug interactions cannot always be explained by the vitamin K1 content of the food items. However, metabolic data indicate that a consistent dietary intake of vitamin K is important to attain a daily equilibrium in vitamin K status. We report a diet that provides a stable intake of vitamin K1, equivalent to the current U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowance, using food composition data derived from high-performance liquid chromatography. Inconsistencies in the published literature indicate that prospective clinical studies should be undertaken to clarify the putative dietary vitamin K1-coumarin interaction. The dietary guidelines reported here may be used in such studies.

TEACH-POT: Provide Opportunities in Teaching

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Giulia Ballatore ◽  
Ettore Felisatti ◽  
Laura Montanaro ◽  
Anita Tabacco
Keyword(s):  
Academic Community ◽  
Real Effect ◽  
The Real ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Training Opportunities ◽  
Different Levels

This paper is aimed to describe and critically analyze the so-called "TEACHPOT" experience (POT: Provide Opportunities in Teaching) performed during the last few years at Politecnico di Torino. Due to career criteria, the effort and the time lecturers spend in teaching have currently undergone a significant reduction in quantity. In order to support and meet each lecturers' expectations towards an improvement in their ability to teach, a mix of training opportunities has been provided. This consists of an extremely wide variety of experiences, tools, relationships, from which everyone can feel inspired to increase the effectiveness of their teaching and the participation of their students. The provided activities are designed around three main components: methodological training, teaching technologies, methodological experiences. A discussion on the findings is included and presented basing on the data collected through a survey. The impact of the overall experience can be evaluated on two different levels: the real effect on redesigning lessons, and the discussion on the matter within the entire academic community.

The Impact of Inflation Measures on the Real Returns and Risk of U.S. Stocks

CFA Digest ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-37
Author(s):  
Brendan F. O'Connell
Keyword(s):  
The Real ◽  
Real Returns ◽  
The Impact

Reducing the Risks of the Financial Sector to Ensure Sustainable Growth of the Russian Еconomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
T. I. Minina ◽  
V. V. Skalkin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Impact

Russia’s entry into the top five economies of the world depends, among other things, on the development of the financial sector, being a necessary condition for the economic growth of a developed macroeconomic and macro-financial system. The financial sector represents a system of relationships for the effective collection and distribution of economic resources, their deployment according to public demand, reducing the risk of overproduction and overheating of the economy.Therefore, the subject of the research is the financial sector of the Russian economy.The purpose of the research was to formulate an approach to alleviating the risks of increasing financial costs in the real sector of the economy by reducing the impact of endogenous risks expressed as financial asset “bubbles” using the experience of developed countries in the monetary policy.The paper analyzes a macroeconomic model applied to the financial sector. It is established that the economic growth is determined by the growth and, more important, the qualitative development of the financial sector, which leads to two phenomena: overproduction in the real sector and an increase in asset prices in the financial sector, with a debt load in both the real and financial sectors. This results in decreasing the interest rate of the mega-regulator to near-zero values. In this case, since the mechanisms of the conventional monetary policy do not work, the unconventional monetary policy is used when the mega-regulator buys out derivative financial instruments from systemically important institutions. As a conclusion, given deflationally low rates, it is proposed that the megaregulator should issue its own derivative financial instruments and place them in the financial market.

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