scholarly journals Quality and content of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in complete fodder mixture in region of Kraljevo

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 329-337
Author(s):  
Marija Vukasinovic ◽  
Randjel Mihajlovic ◽  
Nina Pavlicevic ◽  
Arandjel Pavlicevic ◽  
Petar Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Aas Method ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Microelement Content

We followed the quality and content of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in maize fodder and complete fodder mixture (CFM) for fattened bullocks in the region of Kraljevo. Quality analyses included 10 samples of CFM for bullocks under 250 kg, and 11 samples of CFM for bullocks over 250 kg, while 28 samples were analysed for content of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb. Samples were prepared from ash for microelement content analysis and microelements were determined by the atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) method. The quality of CFM was determined by standard methods. We also determined dry matter content, so we expressed the content of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in dry matter and air-dried hay. The average content of water in CFM for bullocks under 250 kg was 10.67% ashes 4.58%, crude fibre 5.10%, proteins 14.55 %, Ca 0.83% and P 0.50 %. The average content of water in CFM for bullocks over 250 kg was 10.78%, ashes 4.44 %, crude fibre 5.26 %, proteins 13.40 %, Ca 0.85 % and P 0.51 %. The average content of Cu in maize fodder on farm A was 7.86 mg/kg, Zn 24.01 mg/kg, while Cd and Pb were not detected. Content of Cu in CFM on farm B was 7.53 mg/kg, farm C 21.30 mg/kg and farm D 75.51 mg/kg, and of Zn 40.34 mg/kg, 88.87 mg/kg and 115.61 mg/kg, respectively. The content of Cd and Pb in CFM was under maximum permitted concentrations on all farms.

Quality of potatoes in relation to soil and season I. The content of dry matter

1946 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Wager
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Available Water Content ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Difference

The dry-matter content of about 260 samples of potatoes was determined. The samples were collected over three seasons and from many types of soil.The average dry-matter content of a variety varied from season to season, but it always bore an approximately constant relationship to the average value of other varieties.Wet seasons led to potatoes low in dry matter.The variation in the content of dry matter of potatoes in different seasons and from different soil types is not a direct effect of the water balance of the tubers.The average content of dry matter of potatoes depends on the soil in which they were grown; fen and blackland gave potatoes with the lowest dry matter, followed by skirt, silt and warp, then loam and medium loam, then clay, and the highest dry matter occurred in stocks grown in sands, gravels or light loams.The difference between the soils is discussed, and it is tentatively concluded that the factor responsible for the variation in content of dry matter of the potatoes is the available water content of the soils.

THE EFFECT OF INITIAL COMPACTION AND MOISTURE CONTENT ON ENSILING LOSSES OF FORAGE CROPS

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Cordukes ◽  
D. A. Shearer ◽  
D. J. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Initial Compaction

To study the effects of compaction and moisture content on ensiling losses, silage quality, and palatability, forage crops ranging in dry matter content from 19.8 to 36.5 per cent were ensiled at initial densities varying from 15 to 44 lb. per cubic foot. These experiments were conducted in 1954 and 1956, using metal silos of half-ton capacity, covered with perforated wood covers.Spoilage was closely related to compaction, decreasing significantly as the degree of compaction was increased, but was not influenced by the moisture content of the crop. Fermentation losses were significantly reduced with increases in either ensiling density or dry matter content.The quality of the resulting silages, as indicated by chemical analyses, was affected by both moisture content of the forage and the degree of initial compaction. Acidity of the silages was highest from the forages of high dry matter and heavy compaction, and showed a significant correlation with fermentation loss. Fermentation losses were also significantly correlated with the ash content of the silage, with increases in crude fibre, and with decreases in dry matter of the material during ensiling.Free choice palatability tests indicated a preference by heifers for the more heavily compacted forages.

Effects of Actinidia yellowing ringspot virus on the yield and quality of kiwifruit

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wu ◽  
Yicheng Wang ◽  
Jiaxiu Sun ◽  
Yuling Liu ◽  
SHRESTHA SUJATA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Acid Ratio

China is the origin and distribution center of kiwifruit, as well as the country with the largest cultivated area and output of kiwifruit. A previous study found that a new kiwifruit virus, Actinidia yellowing ringspot virus (AYRSpV), has been detected in kiwifruit samples with yellowed leaves. The incidence of this virus was high in kiwifruit plantings in Shaanxi Province. To determine the symptoms of this viral infection and the effects of this virus on the yield and quality of kiwifruits, we measured leaf chlorophyll levels and the fruit yield, total sugar, total acid and dry matter contents of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruits grafted with AYRSpV-infected scions. The results showed that after AYRSpV infection, symptoms including chlorotic ringspots were mainly observed in the spring and gradually recovered with high summer temperatures. A few of the leaves that did not recover showed symptoms of albinism, which lasted until the leaves fell. We found that AYRSpV infection could reduce the chlorophyll content of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit by 74.61-76.64%, the fruit yield by 14.50-24.10%, the sugar to acid ratio by 50.09-50.57%, and the fruit dry matter content by 1.67-1.78%. Our results showed that AYRSpV infection could significantly affect the yield and quality of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit.

scholarly journals The effect of nitrogen supply on specific yield and fruit quality of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Racskó ◽  
J. Nagy ◽  
Z. Soltész ◽  
M. Soltész ◽  
P. T. Nagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Specific Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
Apple Cultivars

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of nitrogen supply on yield and fruit quality of apple cultivars and to explore the relationships between canopy density and the different fruit quality parameters. The experiments were carried out at Kálmánháza, in Eastern Hungary in a private orchard in 2003-2004. The response of four apple cultivars ('Elstar', 'Gala Prince', 'Granny Smith', 'Idared') to different nitrogen dosages was studied. The assessed and calculated indices were: yield, fruit diameter, fruit height, shape index, fruit mass, firmness, dry matter content and colouration. The results indicated that nitrogen fertilization has a significant effect on the yield and fruit quality of apple cultivars. The calculated specific yield values were reduced by the application of nitrogen via the increase in the volume of the canopy. An opposit trend was observed for fruit diameter, fruit height and fruit weight, which increased with increasing nitrogen supply. The reduced shape index caused flattening of fruits. However, the improvement of fruit quality via increasing nitrogen dosage is only virtual, since these dosages increase the fruit size, but firmness, dry matter content and colouration are diminished, which decreases the value of the fruits on the market. The authors also studied the relationships between canopy density responsible for assimilation and light supply of the fruits and the different fruit quality parameters. The closest linear inversely proportional relationship was found in the case of colouration. There was a negative linear relationship between canopy density and firmness or dry matter content. The relationship between canopy density and fruit mass could be described by a quadratic polinomial function.

scholarly journals Chemical analysis of fodder climbers found in Sunsari district, Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
T. N. Mandal ◽  
T. P. Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Local Information ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Contents

Altogether 19 fodder climbers were collected with local information for their quality, feeding season and preference by livestock from Sunsari district, Nepal. Fodder climbers were distributed under 15 angiospermic families. Among them, 6 climber species were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, N-free extract, total ash and mineral contents (K, Ca, and P). Dry matter content ranged from 24.12 to 45.43%. Crude protein content showed slight variation. Ether extract ranged from 2.13- 4.23%, while Crude fiber content ranged between 18.62 and 22.52%. N-free extract showed narrow variation in the content while Total ash content exhibited a wide variation ranging from 5.67 to 11.52%. Among the minerals, Phosphorus showed distinct variation in the content from 0.19 to 0.46%. Fodder quality assessed by local people was compared with the result of chemical composition. On the basis of local information and chemical composition, Hedera nepalensis and Hedyotis scandens were considered as very good fodder climbers.

scholarly journals Microbiological quality of silage made from by-products of cassava starch extraction and viticulture

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-415
Author(s):  
C.R. Schneider ◽  
M.A. Zambom ◽  
D. Galhardo ◽  
A. Faccenda ◽  
A.S. Avila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
By Products

This study evaluated silages made with varying proportions of viticulture by-products (VC) and starch extraction from cassava (CSE). It attempted to determine the effects of these proportions on the microbial population, fermentative losses, and chemical composition. The treatments were specified as the proportions of VC in the silage (0 g/kg, 250 g/kg, 500 g/kg, 750 g/kg, and 1000 g/kg). Silages were  evaluated before (0) and after 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days of ensiling. The experimental design was completely randomized with five  treatments, six storage times and four replications. The increased level of VC in the silage enhanced its dry matter content, ammonia  nitrogen (NH3-N), and buffering capacity, and reduced organic matter content. Fifteen days after ensiling, additional VC increased the concentration of soluble carbohydrates. The increased level of VC decreased the count of Clostridium spp. and lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The incidence of yeasts and enterobacteria was low in all treatments at all time points. Over time, losses as effluent and gases increased. Use of increasing proportions from VC in silage made with CSE increased the contents of dry matter and soluble carbohydrates and  reduced the fermentative losses of the silage. The increased amount of VC also favoured pH reduction and reduced the proliferation of undesirable yeasts, while increasing the population of LAB.

scholarly journals Assessment of Proximate Profile of Selected Fin and Shell Fish and Physicochemical Assessment of Water from Named Rivers in Ogoniland

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
Adata A. Jumbo ◽  
M. O. Wegwu ◽  
D. C. Belonwu ◽  
B. M. Onyegeme- Okerenta
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Study Sites

Aims: This study investigated the physicochemical assessment of Rivers Kaa and Bodo in Ogoniland, as well as the proximate profile of selected fin and shell fish from these Rivers. Study Design: Random sampling. Place and Duration of Study: Kaa and Bodo communities of Ogoniland, between August and November 2014. Methodology: The physicochemical analysis; pH, temperature (T), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity (C), salinity (S) and total hydrocarbon content (THC), were done. The results were compared to FEPA and APHA permissible limits. Proximate composition was determined using Association of Official Analytical Chemist standard analytical methods. Results: Physicochemical analysis results showed that T (26.5±.010), (26.8±.006) and TSS (8.68±.006), (12.5±.006) for Kaa were lower than Bodo (sp≤0.05), S (7.20±.021), (8.40±.010) and THC (0.25±.015), (3.00±.040) were both lower for Kaa than Bodo, at (p≤0.05), BOD was higher for samples collected from Bodo than samples collected from Kaa (188±.234), (259±.690). The TDS and Conductivity were both higher for samples from Bodo than those from Kaa, while pH and DO were higher for samples collected from Kaa than samples collected from Bodo. The moisture content for all samples collected from Kaa (63.7±.289), (72.5±.488), (75.1±.973), (67.4±.455), were significantly lower at p≤0.05 than the moisture content for samples from Bodo (68.7±.514), (80.6±.476), (86.2±.790), (74.5±.514) indicating that the samples from Kaa are better sources of protein, lipid, and energy than samples from Bodo. The protein, lipid, crude fibre, ash and dry matter content of all samples from Kaa were significantly higher (p≤0.05) than those for samples from Bodo. Conclusion: These findings suggest a contamination of the study sites particularly Bodo with petroleum products. Furthermore, it shows that the protein contents in all samples from Bodo were below the recommended standards, suggesting that the consumption of fishes from the study area particularly Bodo, is unhealthy.

Effects of poultry manure and mineral fertilizers on the quality of crops

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Pimpini ◽  
L. Giardini ◽  
M. Borin ◽  
G. Gianquinto
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Spinach Leaves

SUMMARYPoultry manure and mineral fertilizers at two rates of application (medium and high) and in different combinations, together with a non-fertilized control, were tested at the Experimental Station of the Agricultural University of Padova, Italy (45° 21′ N, 11° 58′ E) in 1985–89.Compared to the control, all the fertilization treatments increased the incidence of larger-sized bulbs of onion and tubers of potato, improved the fruit colour of processing tomato and the raw protein content of spinach, but reduced the acidity and acids: soluble solids ratio of tomato and the dry matter content of spinach leaves.In addition, the application of 140 kg/ha of N, 140 kg/ha of P2O5 and 100 kg/ha of K2O as mineral fertilizer or as poultry manure gave the best scores of processing suitability of potato, both for sticks and chips. All the fertilization formulae, except for 140 kg/ha of N, 140 kg/ha of P2O5 and 100 kg/ha of K2O as poultry manure alone, showed significant decreases in the extractable sucrose ratio in sugarbeet, compared with the control. In processing tomato, the best scores of suitability for paste transformation were obtained with mixed fertilization (1/3 poultry manure and 2/3 mineral fertilizers) applying 210 kg/ha of N, 210 kg/ha of P2O5 and 150 kg/ha of K2O and the plots receiving only mineral fertilizers produced fruits with less favourable values of pH and electrical conductivity compared to the poultry manured ones.

Influence of wilting time on silage compositional quality and microbiology

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 88-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Bouriako ◽  
H. Shihab ◽  
V. Kuri ◽  
J. K. Margerison
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Compositional Quality

Wilting grass before ensiling has become a firmly established practice, since it provides economic advantages due to the increment of the dry matter content of the forage before ensiling. Most forage crops contain less than 20 per cent of dry matter when they are cut thus reduction of the weight of crop to be transported provides advantages (Gordon et al., 1999). Also, research has shown that such practices yield improved and reduced effluent loss from the silo and higher feeding value of the silage. Wilting of grass prior to ensiling has been widely adopted as a means of reducing effluents produced and improving the fermentation quality of silage. The aim of this research was to assess the effect of differing wilting periods and silage moisture levels of silage quality and microbial growth levels.

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