Association between ultrasonographically measured visceral fat tissue thickness and proinflammatory adipokines in obesity

Background/Aim. Obesity status can be assessed with numerous anthropometric, morphological and functional indices and this study was designed to assess relationship among them. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between anthropometric indices, ultrasonography measurement of visceral and subcutaneous fat tissue thickness and certain proinflammatory adipokines level. Methods. This cross-sectional study comprised a consecutive sample of 60 obese respondents without obesity-related comorbidities, and 20 age-matched healthy normal-weight controls. Anthropometric [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), neck circumference (NC), body fat, a body shape index (ABSI)], and ultrasonographic indices [thickness of intraabdominal fatt tissue (IAFT), visceral fat (VF), maximum subcutaneous fat (Max SFT), minimal subcutaneous fat (Min SFT)], and serum levels of chemerin and resistin were assessed in all subjects. Results. All anthropometric indices showed statistically significant differences between study groups. The mean IAFT, Max SFT, Min SFT and VF were significantly higher in the obese group compared to controls (p < 0.01, for all). Serum levels of chemerin and resistin correlated positively with BMI, percentage of fat adipose tissue (FAT, %), total FAT (kg), and VF (p < 0.05, for all). Also, we observed significant correlation between resistin and NC (r = 0.23, p = 0.03) and ABSI (r = 0.22, p = 0.04). In multivariable linear regression analysis, chemerin (? = 0.23; p = 0.008) and resistin (? = 0.43; p =0.002) were independently and significantly associated only with VF. Conclusion. Obesity indices, both classical and newer ones, are in positive, statistically significant correlation with the level of proinflammatory cytokines. Ultrasonographically measured VF thickness, independently associated with adipokine levels, may improve assessment of proinflammatory fat tissue characteristics. Further studies are needed to precisely define the use of ultrasonographic fat tissue measurements into clinical practice.

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Systemic Inflammation Characterizes Lack of Metabolic Health in Nonobese HIV-Infected Men

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2018/5327361 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana N. Monczor ◽

Xiuhong Li ◽

Frank J. Palella ◽

Kristine M. Erlandson ◽

Dorothy Wiley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Metabolic Health ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inflammatory Biomarker ◽

Hiv Serostatus ◽

Metabolically Healthy

Background. Increasing body mass index (BMI) is generally associated with loss of metabolic health, although some obese individuals remain metabolically healthy. Among nonobese men, HIV infection has been associated with a lower prevalence of metabolic health. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 470 HIV-infected and 368 HIV-uninfected men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Cardiovascular substudy. Circulating biomarker levels were compared by BMI category and by HIV serostatus. Poisson regression with robust variance determined associations between metabolic health and circulating inflammatory biomarker levels after adjusting for factors previously associated with metabolic health. Results. HIV-infected men were younger and less likely to be obese. Among HIV-infected, normal weight metabolically healthy men (compared to unhealthy) had significantly lower circulating levels of interleukin- (IL-) 6, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNFR) I and II, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), higher adiponectin, less visceral fat, and more subcutaneous fat. Among HIV-uninfected normal weight men and obese men (regardless of HIV serostatus), metabolic health was associated only with higher levels of adiponectin, less visceral fat, and lower HOMA-IR values. In multivariate analyses restricted to HIV-infected men, lower hs-CRP, sTNFRI, sTNFRII, and HOMA-IR and higher adiponectin levels were associated with metabolic health. Additional adjustment for visceral adiposity did not alter results. Conclusions. Among HIV-infected normal weight men, metabolic health was associated with less systemic inflammation, a relationship that, among normal weight men, was unique to HIV+ men and did not exist among obese men of either HIV serostatus.

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Gender Stratified Analyses of the Association of Skinfold Thickness with Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study in General Northeastern Chinese Residents

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph15122748 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 2748

Author(s):

Yuyan Liu ◽

Yongfang Li ◽

Jing He ◽

Ping Ma ◽

Luyang Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chinese Women ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Skinfold Thickness ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Subscapular Skinfold Thickness ◽

Overweight Or Obesity

The association of hypertension with skinfold thickness (ST) in adults is not clear. Our study was aimed at finding out the association of hypertension with ST in different gender and obesity categories. This is a cross-sectional study based on 2336 Chinese residents (767 men). Both subscapular skinfold thickness (SST) and tricep skinfold thickness (TST) were examined. We estimated the association of hypertension with per SD increase of SST and TST using multivariable logistic regression analyses in men and women. Six subgroups were stratified using cutoff points of body mass index (BMI) and ST: larger and smaller ST in normal weight (BMI < 24 kg/m2), overweight (24 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 28 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2), respectively. The association of hypertension with ST was only shown in women after adjustment for other risk factors. Among women of the normal weight subgroup, higher prevalence of hypertension was shown in those with larger ST. No difference of the prevalence of hypertension was found between women with larger ST in the normal weight subgroup and those with smaller ST in overweight or obesity subgroups. Our study suggested that even for people with normal weight, it was necessary to monitor the subcutaneous fat using ST for preventing hypertension at least in general Chinese women.

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Visceral obesity: A new risk factor for stone disease

Canadian Urological Association Journal ◽

10.5489/cuaj.3145 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (11-12) ◽

pp. 795 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ilker Akarken ◽

Hüseyin Tarhan ◽

Rahmi Gökhan Ekin ◽

Özgür Çakmak ◽

Gökhan Koç ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Kidney Stones ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Stone Disease ◽

Flank Pain ◽

Fat Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

Introduction: We examined the relationship between stone disease and the amount of visceral adipose tissue measured with unenhanced computed tomography (CT).Methods: We included 149 patients with complaints of flank pain and kidney stones detected by CT, from August 2012 to April 2013. In addition, as the control group we included 139 healthy individuals, with flank pain within the same time period, with no previous history of urological disease and no current kidney stones identified by CT. Patients were analyzed for age, gender, body mass index, amount of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and serum level of low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride.Results: There were no differences between groups in terms of gender and age (p = 0.27 and 0.06, respectively). Respective measurements for the stone and control groups for body mass index were 29.1 and 27.6 kg/m2; for visceral fat measurement 186.0 and 120.2 cm2; and for subcutaneous fat measurements 275.9 and 261.9 cm2 (p = 0.01; 0.01 and 0.36, respectively). Using multivariate analysis, the following factors were identified as increasing the risk of kidney stone formation: hyperlipidemia (p = 0.003), hypertension (p = 0.001), and ratio of visceral fat tissue to subcutaneous fat tissue (p = 0.01). Our study has its limitations, including its retrospective nature, its small sample size, possible selection bias, and missing data. The lack of stone composition data is another major limitation of our study.Conclusion: The ratio of visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue, in addition to obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, was identified as an emerging factor in the formation of kidney stones.

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Anthropometric Measurements Of The Ventrogluteal İnjectıon Area: A Cross-sectional Study

Journal of Human Sciences ◽

10.14687//jhs.v17i3.5873 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 900-910

Author(s):

Emel Tuğrul ◽

Leyla Khorshıd ◽

Özüm Tunçyürek

Keyword(s):

Muscle Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Tissue ◽

Research Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Anthropometric Measurements ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Tissue Thickness ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Crista Iliaca

Research Problem / Aim: The ventrogluteal injection area is one of the areas most frequently used by nurses in intramuscular injection applications. The thicknesses of the subcutaneous tissue and the muscle tissue in this area are important for a safe injection. The aim of this study is the determination of the subcutaneous and muscle tissue thicknesses on the ventrogluteal injection area and the anthropometric data about it. Method: The study has designed a cross-sectional study. 150 individuals who applied to the ultrasound unit of the hospital and accepted to participate in the study were included in the study. The ventrogluteal injection area was determined with the ‘’V’’ method by the researcher. The subcutaneous and muscle tissue thicknesses from the areas on the injection area and the areas 2 and 4 cm around the injection area were determined using the ultrasound device. Moreover, the relation between the anthropometric measurements of the individuals (height, weight, waist, hip and crista iliaca circumferences, distance between the large trochanter and crista iliaca and crista iliaca anterior) and the tissue thicknesses on the injection area were evaluated. The data of the research were evaluated with definitive statistics, ANOVA test and posthoc Tukey test, t test and correlation analysis. The p<0.05 value was accepted as statistically significant for all results. Findings: The average subcutaneous tissue thickness in the injection area was determined as 15.44±8.01 mm and the average tissue thickness there was determined as 31.75±11.86 mm. The subcutaneous tissue thickness in women was found more than the subcutaneous tissue thickness in men. When the tissue thicknesses 2 and 4 cm around the injection area were analyzed, it was found that the area where the total tissue thickness was the least was over 2 cm (41.67±14.83) and over 4 cm (35.79±15.55) of the injection area. It was determined that the average total thickness 4 cm around the injection area was less than 38 mm in underwight individuals. Conclusions: According to the results obtained from the study, the weight and body mass index of the individual should be considered in the choice of the injection area and the length of the needle to be used when the ventrogluteal injection area was used in intramuscular injections. Especially in obese individuals, longer needles can be preferred. Besides, it must be thought that there may be the risk of bone injury 4 cm around the injection area in asthenic individuals and individuals with normal weight. Moreover, since the individuals’ having a large waist and hip circumference is related to their subcutaneous tissue thickness, it is recommended that long needles should be chosen in these individuals.

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The Relationship Between Abdominal Subcutan Fat Tissue Thickness and HbA1c in Pregnant Women

Gynecology Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine ◽

10.21613/gorm.2019.970 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Aslihan Dilara Demir ◽

Pervin Karli ◽

Durmus Ayan

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Metabolic Parameters ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Fat Tissue ◽

Tissue Thickness ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Endocrine Organs ◽

The Relationship ◽

Subcutaneous Fat Tissue

Objective: Obesity is a very common and important health problem and it has become widespread all over the world. Fat tissue is one of the major endocrine organs. Subcutaneous adipose tissue is associated with many diseases such as coronary artery disease, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, impaired lipid profile. Pregnancy is a special condition with metabolic changes involving all systems. We aimed to investigate the relationship and correlation between abdominal fat and HbA1c because of the specific metabolic conditions in pregnancy.Study Design: This is a retrospective study. Ninety-nine (n=99) pregnant women between the ages of 20 and 40 were included in the present study. They have not any other chronic diseases. Ultrasonography was performed between 16.-28. weeks. Abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue was measured during 16-28 weeks of pregnancy. Routine biochemical parameters and HbA1c were evaluated.Results: Subcutaneous fat tissue had a positive correlation with metabolic parameters such as weight and BMI, and a negative correlation with vitamin D level. There is a positive strong correlation with HbA1c level. There was not any correlation between HbA1c and metabolic parameters like triglyceride, LDL, HDL, and cholesterol.Conclusion: There was a strong positive correlation between abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue thickness and HbA1c. However, we didn’t find any correlation between infant weight and metabolic parameters.

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Oxidative stress and gut-derived lipopolysaccharides in children affected by Paediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal infections.

10.21203/rs.2.19372/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lorenzo Loffredo ◽

Alberto Spalice ◽

Francesca Salvatori ◽

De Castro Giovanna ◽

Cristiana Alessia Guido ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Prostaglandin F2α ◽

Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Tic Disorders ◽

Streptococcal Infections ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections syndrome (PANDAS) identifies patients with acute onset of obsessive-compulsive and tic disorders. The objective of this study was to assess NOX2 levels, as well as serum 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (iso-PGF2α) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Gram-negative bacteria in the gut of patients with PANDAS. Methods: a cross sectional study was performed to compare serum levels of soluble NOX2-dp (sNOX-2-dp), isoprostanes and LPS in 60 consecutive subjects, including 30 children affected by PANDAS and 30 controls (CT) matched for age and gender. Serum zonulin was used to assess gut permeability. Results: compared with CT, PANDAS children had higher values of sNOX-2-dp, 8-iso-PGF2-alpha and LPS. Simple linear regression analysis showed that sNOX2-dp was signiﬁcantly correlated with serum LPS (Rs=0.359; p=0.005), zonulin (Rs=0.444; p<0.001) and iso-PGF2α (Rs=0.704; p<0.001). LPS signiﬁcantly correlated with serum zonulin (Rs=0.610; p<0.001), and iso-PGF2α (Rs=0.591; p=0.001). A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to define the independent predictors of sNOX-2-dp. Isoprostanes and zonulin emerged as the only independent predictive variables associated with sNOX2-dp (R2=68%). Conclusion: this study provides evidences that children affected by PANDAS have high circulating levels of sNOX2-dp, isoprostanes and of LPS that could be potentially implicated in the process of neuroinflammation.

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A Cross-Sectional Study: Predicting Health Risks Among Female University Students

The Open Public Health Journal ◽

10.2174/1874944502013010316 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 316-322

Author(s):

Qassim I. Muaidi ◽

Mohammad Ahsan

Keyword(s):

Waist Circumference ◽

Health Risks ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anthropometric Measurements ◽

Height Ratio ◽

Visceral Fat Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Waist Height Ratio

Background: Good health is very important in our lives and plays a significant role. Many health risks are associated with an unhealthy lifestyle. These risks are responsible for raising the risk of chronic heart diseases and other health complications. Females are not exempted from these issues. Objective: To identify the obesity-associated health risks of female students by using selected anthropometric measurements. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted including 300 females aged 20.82 ± 5.23 years from the college of applied medical sciences, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University. The anthropometric measurements (body mass index, percentage of body fat, visceral fat area, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio,and waist-height ratio) were taken with the help of an auto-calibrated bioelectric impedance device. The waist-height ratio was determined by dividing waist circumference with height. Cross tabulation was done to scrutinize the participant’s levels at risk and high risk. Linear regression analysis was done to see the relationship and prediction between selected anthropometric measurements. Results: The finding showed that BMI level was high in 55% of participants, Waist-height ratio over the average level was 46.67% and 21% of participants had a visceral fat area on risk. Linear regression analysis showed a strong association among body mass index, percentage of body fat, visceral fat area, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio,and waist-height ratio and statistically significant to each other at the 0.01 level. Conclusion: The selected anthropometric measurements can be used to identify health-related risks. Though, when any anthropometric measurement dichotomized as standard or high, BMI is the best measure to predict health risk.

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Serum levels of allopregnanolone, progesterone and testosterone in menstrually-related and postmenopausal migraine: A cross-sectional study

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1177/0333102420937742 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (12) ◽

pp. 1355-1362

Author(s):

Cecilia Rustichelli ◽

Elisa Bellei ◽

Stefania Bergamini ◽

Emanuela Monari ◽

Carlo Baraldi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Menstrually Related Migraine ◽

Headache Centre ◽

Post Menopause ◽

Novel Strategy ◽

Post Hoc

Background Reduced blood or cerebrospinal fluid levels of allopregnanolone are involved in menstrual cycle-linked CNS disorders, such as catamenial epilepsy. This condition, like menstrually-related migraine, is characterized by severe, treatment-resistant attacks. We explored whether there were differences in allopregnanolone, progesterone and testosterone serum levels between women with menstrually-related migraine (MM, n = 30) or postmenopausal migraine without aura who had suffered from menstrually-related migraine during their fertile age (PM, n = 30) and non-headache control women in fertile age (FAC, n = 30) or post-menopause (PC, n = 30). Methods Participants were women with migraine afferent to a headache centre; controls were female patients’ acquaintances. Serum samples obtained were analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Results In menstrually-related migraine and postmenopausal migraine groups, allopregnanolone levels were lower than in the respective control groups (fertile age and post-menopause) ( p < 0.001, one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey-Kramer post-hoc comparison test) while progesterone and testosterone levels were similar. By grouping together patients with migraine, allopregnanolone levels were inversely correlated with the number of years and days of migraine/3 months ( p ≤ 0.005, linear regression analysis). Conclusion Decreased GABAergic inhibition, due to low allopregnanolone serum levels, could contribute to menstrually-related migraine and persistence of migraine after menopause. For the management of these disorders, a rise in the GABAergic transmission by increasing inhibitory neurosteroids might represent a novel strategy.

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Serum Vitamins D, B9 and B12 in Greek Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12123734 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 3734

Author(s):

Aristea Gioxari ◽

Charalampia Amerikanou ◽

Efstathia Papada ◽

Evangelia Zioga ◽

Andreas D. Georgoulis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Activity ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Nutritional Intake ◽

Serum Folate ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary History ◽

Vitamin Deficiencies ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

Deficiencies in vitamin D, folate and cobalamin are common in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). The aim of the present study was to assess serum levels of these vitamins in IBD adults based on the respective serum cut off values for vitamin deficiencies, and to explore possible associations with IBD-related biomarkers and nutritional intake. A cross-sectional study was carried out and patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) from Attica-Greece were enrolled. Medical and dietary history, clinical examination and blood/stool biomarkers were evaluated. In total, 87 patients participated in the study. Serum levels of 25(OH)D, folate and cobalamin were deficient in 36.8%, 18.4% and 5.7% of patients, respectively. Linear regression analysis in the overall patients showed positive associations between (a) serum 25(OH)D with serum iron (beta = 0.083, p = 0.005) and (b) serum cobalamin with total bilirubin (beta = 0.357, p = 0.020) and direct bilirubin (beta = 0.727, p = 0.033), adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), disease activity and duration, smoking, nutritional intake and season of recruitment. In CD patients (N = 54), a negative linear association between serum folate and fecal lysozyme was evident (beta = −0.009, p = 0.020). No associations were found for UC patients (N = 33). The serum vitamin profile may be a complementary biomarker for the evaluation of disease activity next to serum and stool inflammatory biomarkers.

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Evaluating Relationships between Visceral Fat Measures and Adipokines Concentrations among Women with a History of Preeclampsia

American Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1692454 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (11) ◽

pp. 1140-1145

Author(s):

Suchitra Chandrasekaran ◽

Darcy Barry ◽

Susan Melhorn ◽

Thomas Easterling ◽

Hilary Gammill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visceral Fat ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Anthropometric Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Plasma Adiponectin ◽

History Of

Abstract Objective We sought to evaluate associations between postpartum plasma adipokine concentrations among women with a history of preeclampsia (PE) without severe features (MPE), PE with severe features (SPE), and no PE (NPE). We also investigated relationships between adipokines and computed tomography (CT)-quantified measures of visceral fat (VF) area (VFA) and subcutaneous fat area (SCFA). Study Design We performed a secondary analysis of data collected as part of a previously performed cross-sectional study at our institution. Women with and without a history of PE were recruited in 10 years after delivery. VFA and SCFA measures were performed by CT scan. Anthropometric data and peripheral blood samples from subjects were collected concurrently. Results Plasma adiponectin concentrations (µg/mL) were significantly lower among MPE (18.5 ± 7.1) compared with NPE (27.3 ± 13.8) and SPE (25.7 ± 9.6). Leptin (p = 0.32) and resistin (p = 0.93) concentrations were similar among the groups. Adiponectin concentrations more closely aligned with VFA (β = −0.001, p = 0.03), while resistin concentrations trended toward correlating with SCFA (β = 0.02, p = 0.05). Leptin was not preferential to VFA or SCFA. Conclusion VF distribution may contribute to the variation in PE phenotype. Adiponectin specifically may be a promising marker representing VFA.

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