scholarly journals The quality of silage of corn grain and spent P. ostreatus mushroom substrate

2007 ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Adamovic ◽  
Aleksandra Bocarov-Stancic ◽  
Ivanka Milenkovic ◽  
Snezana Strbac ◽  
Ivana Adamovic
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Wood Shaving ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Substrate Ratio ◽  
Ground Corn ◽  
Corn Grain

The chemical composition, fermentation quality, mycological and mycotoxicological analyses of silage mixture, made of ground corn grain and spent P. ostreatus mushroom substrate, were investigated in this paper. Dry matter content in high moisture ground corn, at the time of ensiling was 70%, and in the spent substrate (on the Salt Cedar wood shaving basis) was 52.7%. Corn grain to spent substrate ratio in trials was: 100:0% (I), 90:10% (II), 80:20% (III) and 70:30% (IV) respectively. Content of the lignocellulose fractions in silage was slightly increased, and protein content was slightly decreased with the increase of spent substrate content. Contents of the VFA (volatile fatty acids) in silage, pH value, and NH3-N content were for the silage of very good quality. In the spent substrate 9 mold species were found, from which the most frequent were genus Penicillium, Paecilomyces variotii, and Trichoderma harzianum. In ground corn grain silage (I) presence of the yeasts was dominant (90.000/g). In combined trials (II-IV) only Penicillium (P. brevicompactum and P. echinulatum) mold species were found. Presence of molds and yeasts in investigated trials was within tolerated values for ensiled feedstuffs. Mycotoxin presence in silage was not determined.

Influence of wilting time on silage compositional quality and microbiology

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 88-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Bouriako ◽  
H. Shihab ◽  
V. Kuri ◽  
J. K. Margerison
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Compositional Quality

Wilting grass before ensiling has become a firmly established practice, since it provides economic advantages due to the increment of the dry matter content of the forage before ensiling. Most forage crops contain less than 20 per cent of dry matter when they are cut thus reduction of the weight of crop to be transported provides advantages (Gordon et al., 1999). Also, research has shown that such practices yield improved and reduced effluent loss from the silo and higher feeding value of the silage. Wilting of grass prior to ensiling has been widely adopted as a means of reducing effluents produced and improving the fermentation quality of silage. The aim of this research was to assess the effect of differing wilting periods and silage moisture levels of silage quality and microbial growth levels.

Quality of sorghum silage in the feed-out period: evaluation of hybrids, silo layers, and mass structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Neumann ◽  
Egon Henrique Horst ◽  
João Restle ◽  
Eduardo Rodrigues de Almeida ◽  
André Martins de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Sorghum Silage

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the chemical and fermentation quality of silage from two sorghum hybrids in different layers of the silo feed-out face, as well as the interference of the aerobic exposure time of structured and/or unstructured silo face (after feed-out). The AG-2005E hybrid silage presented higher crude protein content and higher pH compared to hybrid AG-60298 (6.33% and 4.0 versus 6.06% and 3.8, respectively). Silages from stratum 0 to 20cm had the lowest dry matter content and the highest crude protein content (38% and 6.35%, respectively). The pH did not differ between layers, and the NH3 content was higher in the stratum 60 to 80cm (4.5%). During 72 hours of aerobic exposure, the unstructured silage presented a higher increase in temperature than the silage from the structured face, but this period was not enough to result in differences in dry matter, mineral matter, NH3, and pH. The chemical and fermentation quality of the silage was directly influenced by hybrid and silo stratum. After aerobic exposure, silage from the structured face seems to suffer less interference compared to the silo feed-out face.

scholarly journals Effect of the different level of a dry feed additive on the lupin silage quality

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Petr Doležal ◽  
Josef Rotter ◽  
Jan Doležal ◽  
Václav Pyrochta ◽  
Jaroslav Poul
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Higher Alcohol

In the experiment, the effect of additive on the fermentation quality of lupine was examined, by comparing with the untreated control. Fresh green Lupine (Lupines lupine), variete Juno, dry matter content 187.15 g/kg at full waxy stage of maturiy were chopped to the legth of cut ca 30–50 mm. The crop was artificially wilted for a periody 24 h and ensiled as described above. Lupine were ensiled for 98 days in laboratory silos, capacity about 4 L alone or with supplementation of feed additive (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 or 70 kg/tone forage respectively). The composition and as effective substances of this silage ingredient were dry whey (30%), maize meal (40%) and dry molases (30%). The silages fermented rapidly and changes in volatile fatty acids (VFA) production (P<0.01) and in sum of acids were noted. The different supplementation of additive in our experiment conditions increased significantly (P<0.01) the dry matter content, and decreased statistically significantly (P<0.01) the pH value. The higher DM content was in all experimental silages, but the highest DM content (P<0.01) was in silage with addition of 70 kg/t (231.58Ī0.91 g/kg). All treated silages were well fermented with low levels of ammonia and pH. The different addition of this aditive increased significantly (P<0.01) the contents of lactic acid and total content of acids in comparison with control silage. The experimental silage with higher (5%, resp. 7%) feed supplementation was of better quality (significantly higher ratio LA/sum of acids, higher content of lactic acid, lower NH3 content and pH value) than the control silage, or silage with lower concentration. In experiment feed additive–treated silages (by groups of 5 or 50 and 70 kg/t) had significantly higher alcohol content than untreated silage. It was concluded that feed additive used as a silage additive improved fermentation of lupine, reduced acetic acid and ammonia production and increased silage nutritive value.

scholarly journals Effects of Mixing Garlic Skin on Fermentation Quality, Microbial Community of High-Moisture Pennisetum hydridum Silage

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juncai Chen ◽  
Guohao Huang ◽  
Hanlin Xiong ◽  
Hao Qin ◽  
Haonan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Microbial Characteristics ◽  
Fermentation Quality

Garlic skin, a by-product of garlic processing, was supposed to improve the fermentation quality of high-moisture silages because of its low moisture content and active compounds. Thus, fermentation and microbial characteristics of high-moisture Pennisetum hydridum ensiled with the addition of 0, 10, 20, and 30 wt% garlic skin (on a fresh matter basis) were analyzed during a 60-days fermentation. Results showed that the addition of garlic skin increased the dry matter content and lactic acid production, and decreased the pH and ammonia-N content of the silage. Adding garlic skin changed the relative abundance of bacterial communities with an increase in Lactobacillus and a decrease in Clostridium relative abundance. In conclusion, co-ensiling of high-moisture Pennisetum hydridum with garlic skin could be a simple approach to improve the silage quality and nutrients preservation.

scholarly journals Fruit quality of red raspberry cultivars and selections grown in Western Serbia

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 4.) ◽  
pp. 154-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Leposavić ◽  
M. Janković ◽  
D. Đurović ◽  
B. Veljković ◽  
Z. Keserović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Anthocyanins ◽  
Total Reducing Sugars ◽  
Solids Content

Biological and chemical properties of cv. Willamette were contrasted with those of cvs Tulameen, Latham, Meeker and K81-6 grown under agro-environmental conditions of Western Serbia. The following parameters were examined: yield per unit land area, total dry matter content, soluble solids content, total reducing sugars, total acids content, pH value, total pectines and total anthocyanins. The obtained results showed that cvs Willamette and Meeker had exceptional yield potential and highest quality fruits, which renders them suitable for both fresh use and various forms of processing, whereas cv. Tulameen can be recommended for fresh consumption only. K81-6 is recommended for processing and fast freezing after harvesting.

scholarly journals The effect of different chemical preservative supplementation on the lupin silage quality

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
Jiří Skládanka ◽  
Petr Doležal
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Preservative

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a chemical preservative supplementation on the quality of lupine silage as compared with untreated controls. Fresh green Lupine (Lupines lupine), variete Juno, dry matter content 187.15 g / kg at full waxy stage of maturity were chopped to the legth of cut ca 30–50 mm. The crop was artificially wilted for a periody 24 h and ensiled as described above. Lupine were ensiled for 98 days in laboratory silos, capacity about 4 l alone or with supplementation of chemical preservative 3 and 6 l/tone forage respectively). The relatively mean WSC content and the low buffering capacity of lupine crop provided for a good preservation with the chemical preservative. The best quality of fermentation process and nutritive value was found in silages with the supplement of acid mixtures dosed at 6 l / t since they showed not only a better content of net energy (NEL) and CP but also a significantly higher ethanol content, a more favourable RDP content and a hig­her starch content than the control. The supplement of preservatives resulted in the increased DM content in stored silage, in the increased escape of silage effluents and in the inhibited (P < 0.01) formation of acetic acids (19.8±2.17 g / kg DM) in comparison with control silage. In chemical trea­ted silages (3 l/t) was also increased level (P < 0.01) of lactic acid (116.9±2.61 g / kg DM) and total acids in kg of dry matter (143.4±3.64 g / kg), but decreased level of pH value (4.03±0.01), acidity water extract (KVV–1221.1±11.51 mg KOH/100 g silage), titration acidity (FT–0.107±0.002), and of NH3 content (664.1±7.51 mg / kg DM).

Effects of Actinidia yellowing ringspot virus on the yield and quality of kiwifruit

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wu ◽  
Yicheng Wang ◽  
Jiaxiu Sun ◽  
Yuling Liu ◽  
SHRESTHA SUJATA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Acid Ratio

China is the origin and distribution center of kiwifruit, as well as the country with the largest cultivated area and output of kiwifruit. A previous study found that a new kiwifruit virus, Actinidia yellowing ringspot virus (AYRSpV), has been detected in kiwifruit samples with yellowed leaves. The incidence of this virus was high in kiwifruit plantings in Shaanxi Province. To determine the symptoms of this viral infection and the effects of this virus on the yield and quality of kiwifruits, we measured leaf chlorophyll levels and the fruit yield, total sugar, total acid and dry matter contents of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruits grafted with AYRSpV-infected scions. The results showed that after AYRSpV infection, symptoms including chlorotic ringspots were mainly observed in the spring and gradually recovered with high summer temperatures. A few of the leaves that did not recover showed symptoms of albinism, which lasted until the leaves fell. We found that AYRSpV infection could reduce the chlorophyll content of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit by 74.61-76.64%, the fruit yield by 14.50-24.10%, the sugar to acid ratio by 50.09-50.57%, and the fruit dry matter content by 1.67-1.78%. Our results showed that AYRSpV infection could significantly affect the yield and quality of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit.

Influence of previous crops on the productivity of winter wheat varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
A. A. Makarov ◽  
N. I. Mamsirov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Experimental Scheme ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

In order to realize the maximum potential parameters of winter wheat productivity, it is necessary, first of all, to use high-yielding varieties with optimal quality indicators of grain, as well as progressive agricultural technologies aimed at obtaining a stable crop yield. Winter wheat places high demands on its previous crops. Insufficient amount of productive moisture in the soil or its extremely low reserves affects the yield, and consequently, the quality of winter wheat grain according to unpaired predecessors. Moreover, dry autumn during the sowing period leads to its delay, which is the reason for obtaining uneven and weak seedlings. In this regard, studies have been carried out to study and assess the influence of predecessors on the agrocenosis, yield and grain quality of promising varieties of Adel, Grom, Tanya winter wheat. According to the experimental scheme, peas, corn for silage and sunflower have been identified as the preceding crops for winter wheat. Agrotechnology in experience is generally accepted for the foothill zone of the Republic of Adygea. The results of the research made it possible to identify the most optimal of the considered predecessors in the cultivation of winter wheat, capable of providing stable yields with high quality grain. Certain differences in the photosynthetic activity of the studied winter wheat varieties for different predecessors have been noted. It has been found that the leaf area of winter wheat varieties is in the range of 30,0–33,5 thousand m2/ha. The highest dry matter content in the range of 4,9–5,0 t/ha is observed in the Grom variety, and the predecessor is peas. The largest number of grains in an ear for three previous crops is 40–43 pcs / ear for peas. It also had a fairly significant effect on the weight of 1000 grains and the grain yield of winter wheat. For example, the weight of 1000 grains of the most productive Thunder variety varied from 40,1 to 41,6 gm, depending on the previous crop. According to the results of the experiments, the highest grain yield of winter wheat within the range of 5,3 t/ha has been noted for the Grom variety when cultivated for peas. The smallest grain yield in the range of 3,8–3,9 t/ha is typical for all studied varieties of winter wheat, namely, according to the cultivated predecessor – sunflower.

scholarly journals The effect of nitrogen supply on specific yield and fruit quality of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Racskó ◽  
J. Nagy ◽  
Z. Soltész ◽  
M. Soltész ◽  
P. T. Nagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Specific Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
Apple Cultivars

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of nitrogen supply on yield and fruit quality of apple cultivars and to explore the relationships between canopy density and the different fruit quality parameters. The experiments were carried out at Kálmánháza, in Eastern Hungary in a private orchard in 2003-2004. The response of four apple cultivars ('Elstar', 'Gala Prince', 'Granny Smith', 'Idared') to different nitrogen dosages was studied. The assessed and calculated indices were: yield, fruit diameter, fruit height, shape index, fruit mass, firmness, dry matter content and colouration. The results indicated that nitrogen fertilization has a significant effect on the yield and fruit quality of apple cultivars. The calculated specific yield values were reduced by the application of nitrogen via the increase in the volume of the canopy. An opposit trend was observed for fruit diameter, fruit height and fruit weight, which increased with increasing nitrogen supply. The reduced shape index caused flattening of fruits. However, the improvement of fruit quality via increasing nitrogen dosage is only virtual, since these dosages increase the fruit size, but firmness, dry matter content and colouration are diminished, which decreases the value of the fruits on the market. The authors also studied the relationships between canopy density responsible for assimilation and light supply of the fruits and the different fruit quality parameters. The closest linear inversely proportional relationship was found in the case of colouration. There was a negative linear relationship between canopy density and firmness or dry matter content. The relationship between canopy density and fruit mass could be described by a quadratic polinomial function.

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