Segmentation and Fission in Cape Nguni Political Units

Africa ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Hammond-Tooke
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
External Control ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Political Units ◽  
Traditional Structures ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphThe aim of this paper is to discuss certain aspects of the political organization of the Cape Nguni, with special reference to the formation of political units. Its preparation forms part of a larger study undertaken by the writer on the nature and direction of political development in the Transkeian Territories of the Republic of South Africa, which has culminated in the establishment of a system of what approximates to indirect rule based on indigenous structures, known as Bantu Authorities. It is one of the basic tenets of the study that in a situation in which indigenous populations are subjected to external control, and even more when traditional structures are themselves used as instruments of government, traditional premisses (to use a term of Maquet) must be taken into account. The acceptance, or otherwise, of authority must obviously depend to a large degree on traditional concepts of where authority resides, its sanctions, extent, and limitations. Some attempt at a reconstruction of the pattern of tribal governments as they were immediately before the imposition of White control was therefore necessary: this paper discusses a limited aspect of the problem—the formation of the political units themselves.

scholarly journals The Parliament of the Republic of China

1914 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-562
Author(s):  
F. J. Goodnow
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Great Duration

A study of the history of China would serve to reveal the fact that notwithstanding the great duration of Chinese political life there has been comparatively speaking little change in the political organization of the country. With the exception of the abolition of, to use a European expression, the “feudal system” which existed for several centuries before about 200 B. C., Chinese history presents no instance of any important change in political forms.The character of the political organization which existed both prior and subsequent to the abolition of this “feudal system” was absolute monarchy, what is sometimes called autocracy. In this respect China differed little if any from other Asiatic peoples, whose great contribution to the political development of the human race has been the conception of an all powerful king or monarch in whom all the functions of government were concentrated.

Some Notes on the Political Organization of the Venda-speaking Tribes

Africa ◽  
1930 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Lestrade
Keyword(s):  
Political Organization ◽  
Large Region ◽  
The Political ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphThe following notes are based mainly on information collected by the writer at Mbilwi (‘Sibasa’) from members of Mphaphuli's tribe, and at Tshakhuma (‘Tshakoma’) from members of Madzivhandila's tribe, and supplemented elsewhere in the Venda area. Obviously, over such a large region, a number of variations from the norm here indicated may be expected to exist; but it is thought that what is here given represents in substance, if not in all details, Venda law and custom in respect of this sphere of this people's life

FEATURES OF THE INTERNAL POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF KYRGYZSTAN IN THE POST-SOVIET PERIOD

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
Kanybek A. Kudayarov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Political System ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Political ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

Kyrgyzstan, like other states of the post-Soviet space, has passed a challenging path in its development since gaining independence. Three de- cades of the republic’s existence in the new geopolitical conditions revealed the peculiarities of its political, socio-economic and cultural evolution, that distinguish the Kyrgyz Republic from the Central Asian neighbours and other republics of Commonwealth of Independent States. Supporting the concept of the history of the Kyrgyz people while preserving certain traditions of the Turkic nomadic civilization has become a fundamental part of the emerging national identity. Another important feature of building the political system in the Kyrgyz Republic is the attempt to create a Western-style democratic state based on its own experience of implementing “nomadic democracy”. The presence of constant zigzag jumps in the evolution of the political system of the republic (i.e., repeated transitions from the presidential form of government to the presidential-parliamentary form and back) can be traced throughout the existence of post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan. At the same time, it should be noted that the described processes are due to a special geographical location, which ini- tially affects the formation of the corresponding type of economic management. That in turn, affects the political development of the country.

Democracy and Indirect Rule

Africa ◽  
1947 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Free Play ◽  
The Political ◽  
Present System ◽  
Democratic Institutions ◽  
Popular Participation ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Indirect Rule

Opening ParagraphWhen discussing the political development of the African it is important to ask whether in his social organization there is a sufficiently strong element of popular participation in government to form a basis for modern democratic institutions. Another question is, to what extent the present system of colonial government (which for the sake of convenience, I shall call Indirect Rule, without analysing the various meanings and application of the term) gives free play to such democratic institutions as may already exist. In this article, an attempt is made to answer these two questions, so far as they apply to Basutoland and the Bechuanaland Protectorate. The position in the latter territory has recently been referred to by two writers when dealing with the second question and, as their findings were almost diametrically opposed, a detailed analysis of the position will not be out of place.

scholarly journals Theoretical Aspects of the Communication Interaction of Political Institutions and Media (Illustrated by the Republic of Bulgaria)

2019 ◽  
pp. 260-270
Author(s):  
Ruslana Klym
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Public ◽  
Communication Interaction ◽  
The Mass Media ◽  
The Republic

The article defines that political institutions are integral elements of the political system of society, important subjects of politics and carriers of the political process, that regulate the political organization of society, ensuring its stable and long-term functioning. It is stated that the main scientific approaches to understanding the phenomenon of political communication is positivism, behaviorism, structural functionalism, institutionalism and the attention is drawn to the fact that the mass media perform several functions in modern society – communicative, informational, relay, through the implementation of which, media affects all spheres of society and play an important role in the process of interaction between the government and the public. It was noted that the authorities of the Republic of Bulgaria took advantage of the historical moment when the European Union member states were interested in cooperation and were able to convince the Bulgarian society that membership in the EU is a way to solve economic problems, which will further contribute to the economic well-being of the country. The article mentions that an important role in the European integration process of interaction between the authorities and the public was played by Bulgarian journalists, who conducted an extremely intensive and important information campaign, which resulted in 76% of support for the Republic’s membership in this international organization by the Bulgarian society The experience of the Republic of Bulgaria shows that effective work of the mass media is extremely important for establishing communication interaction between government and civil society at a crucial moment for the country. However, the modern Bulgarian media environment is subject to intense criticism for the poor quality of the media product, the media’s dependence on oligarchs, and corruption.

scholarly journals Partisipasi Politik Perempuan Perspektif Hukum Islam

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Sri Warjiyati
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Political Awareness ◽  
Participation Of Women

Abstract: This article discusses political participation of women from the perspective of Islamic law.  In paricular, it will highlights a women political organization called KPPI (Kaukus Politik Perempuan Indonesia or Indonesian political women caucus).  There are obstacles and challenges for improving women political participation due to personal, internal and external issues. For personal issues, the political awareness for women is relatively low which needs improvement. For internal perspective, not all available political parties gives space and opportunity for women political development, whereas externally, the improvement of women political participation is so limited that they do not participate in politics and do politics correctly. Islam provides equal opportunity for men and women in politics. This can be seen in many sex-neutral injunctions in the Holy Qur’an which commands amar ma’ruf nahi munkar (promote the good and prevent the evil).  This command encompasses all aspects of life, including politics and state issues. Women are also responsible in this respect. Based on that, Islam provide ground for women to actively in politics. Keywords: women political participation, Islamic Law   Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas tentang partisipasi politik perempuan perspektif hukum Islam. Partisipasi politik perempuan di Indonesia tergabung pada Kaukus Politik Perempuan Indonesia (KPPI). Terdapat berbagai hambatan dan tantangan dalam upaya peningkatan partisipasi politik perempuan, baik secara personal, internal maupun eksternal. Secara personal, kesadaran berpolitik bagi perempuan relatif masih rendah, sehingga perlu ditingkatkan. Dari sisi internal, belum semua partai memberikan ruang dan kesempatan bagi pengembangan politik perempuan, sedangkan secara eksternal, peningkatan partisipasi politik perempuan masih mengalami banyak keterbatasan, sehingga perempuan masih relatif rendah untuk masuk dalam politik dan berpolitik secara benar. Islam memberikan kesempatan kepada kaum perempuan yang berkecimpung dalam kegiatan politik, ini bisa terlihat pada banyak ayat dalam al-Qur’an yang memerintahkan amar ma’ruf nahi munkar. Ini berlaku untuk segala macam kegiatan, tidak terkecuali dalam bidang politik dan kenegaraan. Perempuan juga turut bertanggungjawab dalam hal ini. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka perempuan dalam Islam juga memiliki hak untuk berpartisipasi dalam politik. Kata Kunci: partisipasi, politik, perempuan, hukum Islam.

Anthropological Models in Yoruba History

Africa ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. C. Law
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Political Development ◽  
The Political ◽  
Imperial Expansion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Descent Group ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Social Anthropologist

Opening ParagraphThe recent appearance of a monograph by a social anthropologist, Peter Lloyd, on The Political Development of Yoruba Kingdoms in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries is likely to arouse considerable interest among historians of Africa, whose appetites have been whetted by adumbrations of his interpretation in some of his earlier publications. Lloyd traces the political development of the kingdom of Oyo through its period of imperial expansion in the eighteenth century until its collapse in the 1830s, and of five Yoruba states in the nineteenth century—Ibadan, Ado Ekiti, Abeokuta, Iwo, and Ilorin. He seeks to apply to the history of these states a model of the process whereby ‘tribal kingdoms’ develop into ‘highly centralised monarchies’. A ‘tribal kingdom’ is defined as one in which ‘political power…rests with a council of chiefs, each of which is selected by and from among members of a descent group—[and] the king is seen more as an arbiter between the chiefs than as an autocrat’. In a centralized monarchy, on the other hand, power rests with the king, the senior chiefs are appointed by the king, and a concept of ‘citizenship’ develops to replace descent-group loyalties. The Yoruba states discussed in this monograph did not, in fact, develop in this way, and Lloyd's theme is their failure to achieve centralization. The analysis is applied principally to Oyo. Of the nineteenth-century states discussed, relatively little is said of Iwo and Ado Ekiti, while Ibadan, Abeokuta, and Ilorin did not start out as ‘tribal kingdoms’ but as war-camps without kings. Moreover, it is suggested that the failure of Oyo to achieve centralization provided precedents for decentralization which influenced the development of its successors in the nineteenth century.

scholarly journals Political and Economic Situation in Madagascar in the Period of the Forthcoming Presidential Elections in 2018

2018 ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
K. Safronov
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Budget Execution ◽  
Positive Results

In the run-up of the forthcoming presidential election scheduled for the end of 2018 the political situation in the Republic of Madagascar is worsening. The incumbent president Hery Rajaonarimampianina is being accused of possessing levers of influence on judiciary. However, in the author’s opinion, most of the citizens support the president, and the prospects of political development to a significant degree are dependent on the present socioeconomic situation on the island. Risks of mass protests are quite low. The paper acknowledges the effectiveness of economic policy pursued by the executive power. The current financial situation, as a whole, meets expectations, and the positive results of a budget execution are obvious.

From village autonomy to modern village administration among the Kulere of central Nigeria

Africa ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Frank
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
The Political ◽  
Institutional History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
The Impact

Opening ParagraphIn studies of change in indigenous political organisations under the impact of colonial administration, the precolonial situation in Africa is often depicted as essentially static. Anthropologists tend to project a relatively ‘uninfluenced’ state of affairs from the early colonial period into the past. Change seems to occur under European influence. This picture is the result less of the conviction of the authors that conditions were static than of a lack of information on precolonial development. This is especially true for ‘acephalous’ societies; centralised societies often possess detailed traditions concerning their institutional history. In the following case, of the political development of a village in the Nigerian Middle Belt, it has been possible to record precolonial changes of organisation in an acephalous society.

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