Human Behavior from the Transactional Point of View

1954 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Nicholas Pastore ◽  
F. P. Kilpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Point Of View

Reasons, Causes, and Intentional Explanation

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Stoutland
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intentional Explanation ◽  
Covering Law ◽  
Causal Laws ◽  
Physical Laws ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractThe reasons-causes debate concerns whether explanations of human behavior in terms of an agent's reasons presuppose causal laws. This paper considers three approaches to this debate: the covering law model which holds that there are causal laws covering both reasons and behavior, the intentionalist approach which denies any role to causal laws, and Donald Davidson’s point of view which denies that causal laws connect reasons and behavior, but holds that reasons and behavior must be covered by physical laws if reasons explanations are to be valid. I defend the intentionalist approach against the two causalist approaches and conclude with reflections on the significance of the debate for the social sciences.

Dominance runs deep

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie J. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Biological Basis ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Evolutionary Point

Seen in its historical context, Mazur & Booth's (M&B's) target article may come to be viewed as a turning point in the study of the biological basis of human behavior in general, and dominance in particular. To facilitate further research, suggestions are offered for making the definition of dominance more precise. From an evolutionary point of view, the testosterone-dominance link may be as important in women as it is in men.

Making Phenomenology Accessible to a Wider Audience

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steen Halling
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Phenomenological Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Phenomenological Tradition

AbstractPhenomenological research is of great value to clinicians, policy makers, and ordinary persons because of its distinctive emphasis on making human behavior and experience intelligible with reference to the point of view of the actor. Unfortunately, the phenomenological tradition is not readily accessible to readers who are unfamiliar with it. This article discusses specific ways that researchers within this tradition can reach more of the readers who might benefit from their findings without compromising the integrity of their scholarship.

scholarly journals Empathy and Altruism

Psychology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric L. Stocks ◽  
Taylor Clark
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protective Behaviors ◽  
Motivational State ◽  
Fruitful Research

The word empathy has been used as a label for many different phenomena, including feeling what another person is feeling, understanding another person’s point of view, and imagining oneself in another person’s situation. Perhaps the most widely researched phenomenon called “empathy” involves an other-oriented emotional state that is congruent with the perceived welfare of another person. Feelings associated with empathy include sympathy, tenderness, and warmth toward the other person. Other manifestations of empathic emotions have been investigated, too, including empathic joy, empathic embarrassment, and empathic anger. As was the case with empathy, the term altruism has also been used as a label for a broad range of phenomena, including any type of prosocial behavior, as a collection of personality traits associated with helpful persons, and biological influences that evoke protective behaviors toward genetically related others. A particularly fruitful research tradition has focused on altruism as a motivational state with the ultimate goal of protecting or promoting the welfare of a valued other. For example, the empathy–altruism hypothesis claims that empathy (viewed here as an other-oriented emotional state) evokes an altruistic motivational state. Empathy and altruism, regardless of how they are construed, have important consequences for understanding human behavior and social relationships.

scholarly journals Using artificial intelligence technologies for sustainable development

2021 ◽  
Vol 291 ◽  
pp. 04010
Author(s):  
Anton Nazarov ◽  
Denis Kovtun ◽  
Stefan Talu
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
International Community ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Digital Computers

Artificial intelligence as a simulator of human behavior and thinking emerged as a result of machine learning. Through AI, they recognize and interpret data, on the basis of which programs of various types of activities are subsequently built. The rapid introduction of artificial intelligence-based technologies into the economic and social spheres of the international community has not been left out of the United Nations’ view from the point of view of using the capabilities of digital computers to solve problems at the level of intelligent beings in order to achieve the goals of sustainable development. The article discusses the specific aspects of I, the application of which will make the process of achieving the SDGs more effective and of high-quality.

Behavioral Economics

2020 ◽  
pp. 281-298
Author(s):  
Miloš Krstić ◽  
Nebojša Pavlović
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Psychological Dimension ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
State Interference

The idea of the significance of the psychological dimension of human behavior is not new and has existed in the social sciences since ancient times. Accordingly, there is an endeavor to place economic analysis on the foundations of psychological research, which takes its form of expression in economic theory through the affirmation of behavioral economics. The aim of this chapter is to critically analyze various normative research programs in behavioral economics and to consider the importance of alternative concepts, models, and theories from the point of view of improving understanding of real economic and social behavior. The particular value of this chapter lies in affirming the importance of a program of behavioral economics known as new paternalism, which is based on challenging the concept of maximizing rationality and opens a new dimension of understanding the justification of state interference in the sphere of economy and society.

Generalists Versus Specialists in Social Science: An Economist's View

1950 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 358-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Spengler
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Scientist ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Fundamental Significance ◽  
Recent Origin

“The theorist can never foresee what the experimenter will find when his range is extended to include fields at present inaccessible.”Man behaved economically, politically, and otherwise long before social scientists theorized about his behavior. In fact, present day social science is of comparatively recent origin, being the product of that progressive specialization which began in the eighteenth century.This specialization has produced diverse problems, with one of which the present paper is concerned. The problem in question is suggested by the central thesis of this paper: that although an economist (or political scientist) must delimit what he studies qua economist (or political scientist), his understanding of economic (or political) behavior is governed by his understanding of human behavior as a whole. While this paper was written primarily from the point of view of an economist to illustrate how psychology and noneconomic social science may contribute to our understanding of economic behavior, it also suggests how political science may draw upon the disciplines treated and indicates how economists envisage a number of questions of fundamental significance to students of government.

scholarly journals The Commander as the Leader of the Modern Organization

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Maciej Marczyk
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Business Administration ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Physical Information ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract The article author decided to examine leadership in the modern organization, its task and work environment and partly interactions which falls within the framework of its mission in the organization. Interesting from the point of view of leadership is there are features of the modern manager and answer the question whether they are compatible the characteristics of the commander in the army. Currently, the greatest emphasis in the organization is put on human behavior, its role and importance for the functioning of the company. Business administration is associated with a clear definition of areas in which management will move to a modern organization. The task of any manager or leader of our time is the most efficient use of these areas at maximum lowering costs. Most often in the literature, you can find information about the four types of resources: Human, Financial, Physical, Information.

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