Some Empirical Findings on Nations and their Behavior

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Rummel
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
National Data ◽  
Dimensions Of Variation ◽  
Phase Phase ◽  
Cross National

With The growing academic and governmental interest in quantitative research on nations, it is becoming increasingly important to separate substantive findings from the technical arcana in which they are embedded. In recognition of this need, this report extracts and consolidates the major results of the Dimensionality of Nations (DON) project.The Don project (6) has been in existence since 1962 and is now in its second phase. Phase I of DON defined the major dimensions of variation among all nations for the mid-1950's and the grouping of nations on these dimensions. During this phase much of the methodological underbrush surrounding the use on cross-national data of its major mathematical model—factor analysis—was cleared away, and some measure of control was developed over problems of error and noncomparability in the data.

scholarly journals Involvement of NO in Antinociception of NSAIDS in Murine Formalin Hind Paw Assay

Drug Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (04) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Noriega ◽  
Hugo F. Miranda ◽  
Juan Carlos Prieto ◽  
Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate ◽  
Fernando Sierralta
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Phase Phase

AbstractThere are different animal models to evaluate pain among them the formalin hind paw assay which is widely used since some of its events appear to be similar to the clinical pain of humans. The assay in which a dilute solution of formalin is injected into the dorsal hindpaw of a murine produces two ‘phases’ of pain behavior separated by a inactive period. The early phase (Phase I) is probably due to direct activation of nociceptors and the second phase (Phase II) is due to ongoing inflammatory input and central sensitization. Mice were used to determine the potency antinociceptive of piroxicam (1,3,10,and 30 mg/kg), parecoxib (0.3, 1,3,10 and 30 mg/kg), dexketoprofen (3,10,30 and 100 mg/kg) and ketoprofen (3,10,30 and 100 mg/kg). Dose-response for each NSAIDs were created before and after 5 mg/kg of L-NAME i.p. or 5 mg/kg i.p. of 7-nitroindazole. A least-squares linear regression analysis of the log dose–response curves allowed the calculation of the dose that produced 50% of antinociception (ED50) for each drug. The ED50 demonstrated the following rank order of potency, in the phase I: piroxicam > dexketoprofen > ketoprofen > parecoxib and in the phase II: piroxicam > ketoprofen > parecoxib > dexketoprofen. Pretreatment of the mice with L-NAME or 7-nitroindazol induced a significant increase of the analgesic power of the NSAIDs, with a significant reduction of the ED50. It is suggested that NO may be involved in both phases of the trial, which means that nitric oxide regulates the bioactivity of NSAIDs.

GERDA results and the future perspectives for the neutrinoless double beta decay search using 76Ge

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (09) ◽  
pp. 1843004 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
M. Agostini ◽  
A. M. Bakalyarov ◽  
M. Balata ◽  
I. Barabanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Beta Decay ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Liquid Argon ◽  
Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay ◽  
Double Beta Decay ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Inverted Hierarchy ◽  
Phase Phase

The GERmanium Detector Array (GERDA) is a low background experiment at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) of INFN designed to search for the rare neutrinoless double beta decay ([Formula: see text]) of [Formula: see text]Ge. In the first phase (Phase I) of the experiment, high purity germanium diodes were operated in a “bare” mode and immersed in liquid argon. The overall background level of [Formula: see text] was a factor of ten better than those of its predecessors. No signal was found and a lower limit was set on the half-life for the [Formula: see text] decay of [Formula: see text]Ge [Formula: see text] yr (90% CL), while the corresponding median sensitivity was [Formula: see text] yr (90% CL). A second phase (Phase II) started at the end of 2015 after a major upgrade. Thanks to the increased detector mass and performance of the enriched germanium diodes and due to the introduction of liquid argon instrumentation techniques, it was possible to reduce the background down to [Formula: see text]. After analyzing 23.2 kg[Formula: see text]⋅[Formula: see text]yr of these new data no signal was seen. Combining these with the data from Phase I a stronger half-life limit of the [Formula: see text]Ge [Formula: see text] decay was obtained: [Formula: see text] yr (90% CL), reaching a sensitivity of [Formula: see text] yr (90% CL). Phase II will continue for the collection of an exposure of 100 kg[Formula: see text]yr. If no signal is found by then the GERDA sensitivity will have reached [Formula: see text] yr for setting a 90% CL. limit. After the end of GERDA Phase II, the flagship experiment for the search of [Formula: see text] decay of [Formula: see text]Ge will be LEGEND. LEGEND experiment is foreseen to deploy up to 1-ton of [Formula: see text]Ge. After ten years of data taking, it will reach a sensitivity beyond 10[Formula: see text] yr, and hence fully cover the inverted hierarchy region.

scholarly journals ASSESSING THE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION: ENTREPRENEURIAL EDUCATION AND CREATIVITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 505-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Saptono ◽  
Dedi Purwana ◽  
Agus Wibowo ◽  
Setyo Ferry Wibowo ◽  
Saparuddin Mukhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Entrepreneurial Education ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Purpose of the study: This study examines the impact of creativity and entrepreneurship education on student entrepreneurial intentions at Jakarta State University. Methodology: This study, we applied quantitative research which conducting in two-phase First, we perform exploratory factor analysis test, and the second phase, we confirmatory factor analysis using AMOS version 18. Main Findings: This study carried out the findings that there is an impact on creativity on entrepreneurial education, lectures on individual creativity, entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial intention, and creativity supported in the university on individual creativity. Furthermore, creativity supported not impact on entrepreneurial intention, and individual creativity has not to impact on entrepreneurial intention. Applications of this study: This research can be used by university leaders to increase students’ intention to become entrepreneurs through optimizing entrepreneurship education and creativity support from universities. Novelty/Originality of this study: In this study, we found that there was an influence of lecturer on creativity on entrepreneurship education. Previous researchers have never revealed this finding. Our research also found the impact of individual creativity on the intention of entrepreneurship. This finding has not been revealed in some previous studies.

scholarly journals Phase Formation Sequence In The Pd-Gaas System

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sands ◽  
V. G. Keramidas ◽  
A. J. Yu ◽  
K. M. Yu ◽  
R. Gronsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Formation ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Large Angle ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Phase Phase

ABSTRACTThe morphological aspects of ternary phase formation during the Pd-GaAs reaction have been studied by application of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Rutherford backscattering (RBS) techniques. The TEM images show that the first product phase, “phase I”, forms during deposition of Pd onto (100) GaAs and exhibits the preferred orientation [0001]I ∼ // [011]GaAs. In the presence of unreacted Pd, the second phase, “phase II”, nucleates at large-angle grain boundaries in the phase I film as the annealing temperature increases above ∼ 250°C Energy dispersive analysis of x-rays and RBS suggest that both phases I and II have nominal compositions in the range of Pd3GaAs to Pd4GaAs.

scholarly journals Two-Round Ca 2+ transient in papillae by mechanical stimulation induces metamorphosis in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis type A

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1945) ◽  
pp. 20203207
Author(s):  
Maiki K. Wakai ◽  
Mitsuru J. Nakamura ◽  
Satoshi Sawai ◽  
Kohji Hotta ◽  
Kotaro Oka
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Ciona Intestinalis ◽  
Type A ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Invertebrate Larvae ◽  
Phase Phase

Marine invertebrate larvae are known to begin metamorphosis in response to environmentally derived cues. However, little is known about the relationships between the perception of such cues and internal signalling for metamorphosis. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the initiation of metamorphosis in the ascidian, Ciona intestinalis type A ( Ciona robusta ), we artificially induced ascidian metamorphosis and investigated Ca 2+ dynamics from pre- to post-metamorphosis. Ca 2+ transients were observed and consisted of two temporally distinct phases with different durations before tail regression which is the early event of metamorphosis. In the first phase, Phase I, the Ca 2+ transient in the papillae (adhesive organ of the anterior trunk) was coupled with the Ca 2+ transient in dorsally localized cells and endoderm cells just after mechanical stimulation. The Ca 2+ transients in Phase I were also observed when applying only short stimulation. In the second phase, Phase II, the Ca 2+ transient in papillae was observed again and lasted for approximately 5–11 min just after the Ca 2+ transient in Phase I continued for a few minutes. The impaired papillae by Foxg -knockdown failed to induce the second Ca 2+ transient in Phase II and tail regression. In Phase II, a wave-like Ca 2+ propagation was also observed across the entire epidermis. Our results indicate that the papillae sense a mechanical cue and two-round Ca 2+ transients in papillae transmits the internal metamorphic signals to different tissues, which subsequently induces tail regression. Our study will help elucidate the internal mechanism of metamorphosis in marine invertebrate larvae in response to environmental cues.

scholarly journals THE DETERMINANTS OF SMEs' SUSTAINABILITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-430
Author(s):  
Farida Styaningrum ◽  
Budi Eko Soetjipto ◽  
Dwi Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Impact

Purpose of the study: This study aims to prove the determination of SMEs' sustainability in Madiun's views of intellectual capital and competitive advantage empirically. Methodology: Data was collected using a questionnaire filled out directly by SME entrepreneurs in Madiun, randomly selected by 200 respondents. This study applied quantitative research conducted in two phases. First, perform exploratory factor analysis tests, and the second phase, confirmatory factor analysis using AMOS version 18. Main Findings: The results of the study found that intellectual capital directly did not significantly impact SMEs' sustainability. Intellectual capital significantly affects a competitive advantage. Furthermore, competitive advantages significantly impact SMEs' sustainability. Competitive advantage moderates the impact of intellectual capital on SMEs' sustainability. Applications of this study: The research is expected to be used by SMEs entrepreneurs to improve their business to be more developed and able to compete in the global market by attention to intellectual capital and the competitive advantage of the company. Novelty/Originality of this study: Previous studies revealed that intellectual capital has an impact on competitive advantage and SMEs' performance with a focus on financial aspects. This study to prove the determinants of SMEs' sustainability in Madiun as measured by financial and non-financial elements.

Depression among children at shelter care institutions in Terengganu Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Siti Hajar Abdul Rauf ◽  
Asmah Ismail ◽  
Nuratikah Azima Razali ◽  
Ahmad Bisyri Husin Musawi Maliki
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Family Stress ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Keywords Children ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Status ◽  
Forward Stepwise

Background: Depression is a state of psychological disease that occurs to someone divers in age due to certain reasons. Among the factors include lack of self-confidence, problematic family, stress, low self-esteem and social environment. It could lead to a mental disorder that endangers the mental health. Aim: To investigate the status of children depression using the Children Depression Inventory (CDI) at 21 shelter care institutions in Terengganu Malaysia. Methodology: Quantitative research design was used. The sample consists of 404 respondents from 21 Islamic shelter cares such as Tahfiz, Madrasah and Orphanage in Terengganu Malaysia from the age of 10 to 18 years. Data was analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Discriminant Analysis (DA) which then computed to identify the most dominant factors whereas reducing the initial five parameters with recommended >0.50 of factor loading. Results: Forward stepwise of DA shows the total of groups validation percentage by 92.08% (17 independent). The result showed that the highest frequency of respondent index was at a moderate level (62.87% respondents). This showed that children still can be controlled and cared to reduce depression. Keywords: Children Depression Index, Depression, Children, Institution, Shelter Care

scholarly journals Assessing Short-Term Fertility Intentions and Their Realisation Using the Generations and Gender Survey: Pitfalls and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Brzozowska ◽  
Eva Beaujouan
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Intentions ◽  
Fertility Intention ◽  
National Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Degree Of Certainty ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Questionnaire Adaptation ◽  
Cross National

AbstractThe use of fertility intention questions to study individual childbearing behaviour has developed rapidly in recent decades. In Europe, the Generations and Gender Surveys are the main sources of cross-national data on fertility intentions and their realisation. This study investigates how an inconsistent implementation of a question about wanting a child now affects the cross-country comparability of intentions to have a child within the next three years and their realisation. We conduct our analysis separately for women and men at prime and late reproductive ages in Austria, France, Italy and Poland. The results show that the overall share of respondents intending to have a child at some point in their life is similar in all four analysed countries. However, once the time horizon and the degree of certainty of fertility intentions are included, substantial cross-country differences appear, particularly in terms of proceptive behaviour and, consequently, the realisation of fertility intentions. We conclude that the inconsistent questionnaire adaptation makes it very difficult to assess the role of country context in the realisation of childbearing intentions.

scholarly journals Analysis of Plant-Production-Obtained Biomass in Function of Sustainable Energy

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5486
Author(s):  
Siniša Škrbić ◽  
Aleksandar Ašonja ◽  
Radivoj Prodanović ◽  
Vladica Ristić ◽  
Goran Stevanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Renewable Source ◽  
Agricultural Biomass ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Biomass Potential ◽  
Expected Benefits ◽  
Biomass For Energy

This research analyzed the degree of utilization of the agricultural biomass for energy purposes (combustion), in order to indicate the reasons that limit its use. The biomass potential was studied by means of the methodology of the biomass potential, whereas the factors suggesting a low degree of biomass utilization were identified by means of factor analysis. The research results reveal that there is an enormous potential of the unused agricultural biomass. This dissertation research significantly contributes to the establishment of a genuine mathematical model based on multiple linear regression. The solution obtained by this analysis, in both a mathematical and a scientific manner, conveys the primary reasons for an insufficient utilization of the biomass for energy purposes. Moreover, the paper suggests the measures to be applied for a more substantial use of this renewable source of energy and presents the expected benefits to be gained.

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