Scripture and Society in Modern Muslim Asia—A Symposium Introduction

1993 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Muslim Men ◽  
Do So

Since the late nineteenth century, Muslim movements for religious and social reform have underscored the value of making scripture accessible to a broad public. Scholars and activists alike have urged ordinary Muslim men and women to study and follow the Qur'ān and the hadīth (the reports of the Prophet Muhammad's words and deeds), and to do so they have rendered these scriptural writings and commentaries on them into the vernaculars of Asia, Africa, and Europe. They have also framed a wide range of appeals—to study the sciences, to modernize society, to stage a revolution—in the language and format of scriptural commentary. Vernacular writings (and, more recently, audio and videocassettes) based on scripture provide the foundations of popular religious education (Shahrani 1991), figure prominently in political movements (Fischer 1980; Kepel 1985), and serve as guides for living for Muslims traveling outside their homelands (Kepel 1987). The modern period has seen an explosion in the range of languages, genres, and contexts in which Muslims have authoritatively deployed scripture.

scholarly journals Catechizing at Home, 1740–1870: Instruction, Communication and Denomination

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 256-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Clare Martin
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Rote Learning ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries

Catechizing played an important part in domestic religious education in Britain in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, as well as in the better documented early modern period. However, its significance has been neglected in comparison with family prayers (often deemed to be an expression of patriarchy), Sunday observance or even private prayers. This article analyses the incidence of catechizing across religious denominations in Britain from 1740 to 1870, and within selected overseas missionary families. Drawing on a wide range of personal memoirs, the article analyses the range of contexts and relationships within which catechizing could occur. These included not only household worship (which could be conducted by women) but also relationships between siblings. It demonstrates that catechizing could provide opportunities for asking questions and spending ‘quality time’ with parents and / or children, rather than embodying an alienating form of rote-learning. The article therefore challenges many stereotypes relating to family domestic education, relating to themes such as patriarchy, denominational difference and adult-child interaction.

Transformation in homespun: Power and creativity in early nineteenth-century Hawaiian cloth manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Kuaiwa
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New England ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
John Adams ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cloth Production ◽  
Hawaiian Kingdom ◽  
Do So

Between 1837 and 1840, governor and chief John Adams Kuakini engaged in cotton farming and cloth production, the first Hawaiian to ever do so. His success in running a cloth-making operation was not done alone, however, but with the guidance from New England Congregationalist missionaries who introduced homespun to Kuakini and hired foreigners and makaʻāinana men and women labourers. This article explores Kuakini’s motivations for investing in cloth-making through the lens of his chiefly power, with special attention to the ways in which Kuakini asserted dominance over those who challenged him and those he believed were subservient to him. I examine Kuakini’s motivations and foray into cloth-making, which differed greatly from Congregational Christian ideas about cloth-making, further demonstrating how Kuakini’s power in the early Hawaiian Kingdom extended over both native and foreign bodies.

“The purity of my blood cannot put food on my table”: Changing Attitudes Towards Interracial Marriage in Nineteenth-Century Buenos Aires

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Shumway
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Interracial Marriage ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Minor Children ◽  
The Right ◽  
Parental Opposition ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
Do So

Lorenzo Barbosa had a big problem with his daughter Josefa. In June 1821, in Buenos Aires, young Josefa Barbosa was in love with Pascual Cruz. What bothered Lorenzo was that Pascual was a mulatto, while the Barbosa family was white. When the couple asked his permission to marry, Lorenzo vehemently opposed the union and withheld his consent. He was acting within his rights, since minor children (men and women younger than 25 and 23 respectively) were required by law to obtain parental permission to marry. To bolster his case, Lorenzo invoked the power of a colonial law issued in 1778, known as the Royal Pragmatic on marriage, which gave parents the right to block their children's marriages to “unequal partners.” Even though Buenos Aires had broken away from Spain in 1810, most colonial laws regarding family life, including the pragmatic, continued in force into the national period. But just as in colonial times, children retained the right to challenge parental opposition in court. If they chose to do so, the resulting case was known as a disenso.

scholarly journals The Specter of “Godless Jewry”: Secularism and the “Jewish Question” in Late Nineteenth-Century Germany

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 815-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd H. Weir
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Jewish Question ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Know How ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
Late Nineteenth

When asked to provide his own “solution to the Jewish Question” for a 1907 survey, the journalist and philosopher Fritz Mauthner responded, “I do not know how to give an answer to your question, because I do not know which Jewish question you mean. The Jewish question is posed differently by every questioner, differently at every time, differently at every location.” While untypical for its time, Mauthner's viewpoint is shared by many scholars who write today—not one but a myriad of “Jewish Questions” proliferated in nineteenth-century Germany and, indeed, across the globe. The dramas they framed could be transposed onto many stages, because talk about the purported virtues and vices of Jews had the remarkable ability to latch onto and thereby produce meaning for a wide range of public debates. By plumbing this excess of meaning, scholars have teased out some of the key dynamics and antinomies of modern political thought. No longer focusing solely on conservative antisemitism, they have examined the role of the “Jewish Question” in other political movements, such as liberalism and socialism, and in the conceptual elaboration of the state, civil society, and the nation. Cast in ambivalent roles at once powerful and vulnerable, familiar and foreign, the figure of the Jew acted as a lightning rod for imagining such collectivities. Opposing parties shared common assumptions, such as the tacit understanding that integration into the nation, state, or civil society required a self-transformation of Jews, something historians have referred to as the “emancipation contract.” Generally speaking, it was the terms of this contract rather than its form that divided liberals from conservatives, philo- from antisemites, and Jews from non-Jews in the nineteenth-century. Accordingly, scholars now increasingly approach the “Jewish Question” not merely as an example of prejudice, but rather as a framework through which multiple parties elaborated their positions.

scholarly journals Rousseau and the Qualified Support of Matriarchal Rule

Humanities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Boleslaw Z. Kabala
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Men I ◽  
The Difference ◽  
States Of Nature ◽  
Indirect Rule ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Do So

The article investigates the relations between men and women in Rousseau’s major works to uncover the possibility of a long-term rule of women over men. Rousseau does provide examples of alternating rule between the sexes. However, given that the rule of prominent women like Sophie and Julie is indirect and more Machiavellian than that of men, I make the case that Rousseau sees straightforward control by women as more consistent with modern conditions (specifically in an indirect-rule as opposed to an instrumental-rationality sense). First, I provide examples of Sophie’s rule in Emile. Sophie rules Emile especially through acts of charity that incline Emile to participate in the project that Sophie has undertaken, making him more capable of willing generally. Second, I show that Julie at Clarens rules a number of the men there and particularly in the administration of the estate. Interestingly, like Sophie’s, her power is communicated through concrete examples of charitable action. Rousseau writes that, as a result, those around her are imbued with the spirit to contribute to the projects of importance to her, which also renders them more apt to will generally. Interestingly, two women as different as Sophie and Julie rule men in the same way: through charity. They do so as the result of a religious education. And, whereas religious education in Rousseau is in general anti-metaphysical, this is especially true for women compared to men. The examples of Sophie and Julie do, therefore, take us into territory of the sexes alternating in rule. But the difference in education suggests that for Rousseau their rule goes deeper and represents a relation more fundamental than the rule of men over women. The possibility is further confirmed through an analysis of Rousseau’s states of nature. At the end of the day, the reevaluation of relations between the sexes in Rousseau’s work is long overdue. I engage a rich scholarly literature and embark on a rereading of several of Rousseau’s works to offer a fresh interpretation that suggests the citizen of Geneva was not only open to a significant increase in the power of women over time, but that he actually favored matriarchy. The argument hopefully underscores the way in which great works are both timely and timeless.

Landowning Bourgeoisie or Business Bourgeoisie? On the Peculiarities of the Argentine Economic Elite, 1880–1945

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROY HORA
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Business Elite ◽  
Economic Elite ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Rural Production ◽  
Do So

This article examines some characteristics of the Argentine business elite between the end of the nineteenth century and the rise of peronismo in the mid-1940s. To do so, it discusses the ideas relating to this theme proposed by Jorge Sábato in his influential study, La clase dominante en la Argentina moderna. Sábato argued that diversification of assets in a wide range of operations constituted the defining aspect of the economic strategy of the late nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century entrepreneurial elite. This hypothesis requires revision. Simultaneous investment in various economic activities also characterises other entrepreneurial classes in the Americas and in Europe, and for this reason does not offer a convincing account of the peculiarities of the Argentine bourgeoisie. Sábato paid little attention to what in more traditional accounts distinguishes the Argentine proprietor class (and, in addition, the economy as a whole) from its counterparts in other parts of the world: its privileged ties to land and to rural production. However, analysis of probate records confirm this picture, especially for the turn-of-the-century elite.

scholarly journals PENDIDIKAN AGAMA DALAM KELUARGA

At-Turats ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Future ◽  
Muslim Men

In the context of the complexity of problems encountered by humans, education receives its significance, and faith-based education can become an option. From the Islamic perspective, education is capable of shaping the future of one’s humanity side. Therefore, in Islam education is one of the obligatory activities for all Muslim men and women that lasts a lifetime (Life-long education). Educational activities can in fact be delegated, but the parents are still responsible for the religious education of their own children. In Islam, religious education in the family should come first and foremost.

Age- and sex-related bone uptake of Tc-99m-HDP measured by whole-body bone scanning

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (05) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Sieweke ◽  
K. H. Bohuslavizki ◽  
W. U. Kampen ◽  
M. Zuhayra ◽  
M. Clausen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Body ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Bone Uptake ◽  
Normal Bone ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bone Scans ◽  
Body Bone

Summary Aim of this study was to validate a recently introduced new and easy-to-perform method for quantifying bone uptake of Tc-99m-labelled diphosphonate in a routine clinical setting and to establish a normal data base for bone uptake depending on age and gender. Methods: In 49 women (14-79 years) and 47 men (6-89 years) with normal bone scans as well as in 49 women (33-81 years) and 37 men (27-88 years) with metastatic bone disease whole-body bone scans were acquired at 3 min and 3-4 hours p.i. to calculate bone uptake after correction for both urinary excretion and soft tissue retention. Results: Bone uptake values of various age-related subgroups showed no significant differences between men and women (p >0.05 ). Furthermore, no differences could be proven between age-matched subgroups of normals and patients with less than 10 metastatic bone lesions, while patients with wide-spread bone metastases revealed significantly increased uptake values. In both men and women highest bone uptake was obtained (p <0.05 ) in subjects younger than 20 years with active epiphyseal growth plates. In men, bone uptake slowly decreased with age up to 60 years and then showed a tendency towards increasing uptake values. In women, the mean uptake reached a minimun in the decade 20-29 years and then slowly increased with a positive linear correlation of age and uptake in subjects older than 55 years (r = 0.57). Conclusion: Since the results proposed in this study are in good agreement with data from literature, the new method used for quantification could be validated in a large number of patients. Furthermore, age- and sexrelated normal bone uptake values of Tc-99m-HDP covering a wide range of age could be presented for this method as a basis for further studies on bone uptake.

العربية المقاربة المقاصديّة في ردّ ابن فودي على القادح في جلستهم الدعويّة

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alawiye Abdulmumin Abdurrazzaq ◽  
Ahmad Wifaq Mokhtar ◽  
Abdul Manan Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Subject

This article is aimed to examine the extent of the application of Islamic legal objectives by Sheikh Abdullah bn Fudi in his rejoinder against one of their contemporary scholars who accused them of being over-liberal about the religion. He claimed that there has been a careless intermingling of men and women in the preaching and counselling gathering they used to hold, under the leadership of Sheikh Uthman bn Fudi (the Islamic reformer of the nineteenth century in Nigeria and West Africa). Thus, in this study, the researchers seek to answer the following interrogations: who was Abdullah bn Fudi? who was their critic? what was the subject matter of the criticism? How did the rebutter get equipped with some guidelines of higher objectives of Sharĩʻah in his rejoinder to the critic? To this end, this study had tackled the questions afore-stated by using inductive, descriptive and analytical methods to identify the personalities involved, define and analyze some concepts and matters considered as the hub of the study.

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