scholarly journals The combinatorics of combinatorial coding by a real

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-57
Author(s):  
Saharon Shelah ◽  
Lee J. Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Singular Cardinals ◽  
Essential Properties

AbstractWe lay the combinatorial foundations for [5] by setting up and proving the essential properties of the coding apparatus for singular cardinals. We also prove another result concerning the coding apparatus for inaccessible cardinals.

The Trade Mark, Other Product Designations, and Goodwill

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Pila
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Trade Mark ◽  
Geographical Indication ◽  
Passing Off ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter considers the meaning of the terms that appropriately denote the subject matter protectable by registered trade mark and allied rights, including the common law action of passing off. Drawing on the earlier analyses of the objects protectable by patent and copyright, it defines the trade mark, designation of origin, and geographical indication in their current European and UK conception as hybrid inventions/works in the form of purpose-limited expressive objects. It also considers the relationship between the different requirements for trade mark and allied rights protection, and related principles of entitlement. In its conclusion, the legal understandings of trade mark and allied rights subject matter are presented as answers to the questions identified in Chapter 3 concerning the categories and essential properties of the subject matter in question, their method of individuation, and the relationship between and method of establishing their and their tokens’ existence.

The Subject Matter of Intellectual Property

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Pila
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Trade Mark ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Relationship

This book offers a study of the subject matter protected by each of the main intellectual property (IP) regimes. With a focus on European and UK law particularly, it considers the meaning of the terms used to denote the objects to which IP rights attach, such as ‘invention’, ‘authorial work’, ‘trade mark’, and ‘design’, with reference to the practice of legal officials and the nature of those objects specifically. To that end it proceeds in three stages. At the first stage, in Chapter 2, the nature, aims, and values of IP rights and systems are considered. As historically and currently conceived, IP rights are limited (and generally transferable) exclusionary rights that attach to certain intellectual creations, broadly conceived, and that serve a range of instrumentalist and deontological ends. At the second stage, in Chapter 3, a theoretical framework for thinking about IP subject matter is proposed with the assistance of certain devices from philosophy. That framework supports a paradigmatic conception of the objects protected by IP rights as artifact types distinguished by their properties and categorized accordingly. From this framework, four questions are derived concerning: the nature of the (categories of) subject matter denoted by the terms ‘invention’, ‘authorial work’, ‘trade mark’, ‘design’ etc, including their essential properties; the means by which each subject matter is individuated within the relevant IP regime; the relationship between each subject matter and its concrete instances; and the manner in which the existence of a subject matter and its concrete instances is known. That leaves the book’s final stage, in Chapters 3 to 7. Here legal officials’ use of the terms above, and understanding of the objects that they denote, are studied, and the results presented as answers to the four questions identified previously.

scholarly journals Study on improving three-dimensional dynamic simulation model and equation of flexible fabric

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 168781401985284
Author(s):  
Meiliang Wang ◽  
Mingjun Wang ◽  
Xiaobo Li
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Equation Solving ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
Dynamic Simulation Model ◽  
Novel Model ◽  
Simulation Equation

The use of the traditional fabric simulation model evidently shows that it cannot accurately reflect the material properties of the real fabric. This is against the background that the simulation result is artificial or an imitation, which leads to a low simulation equation. In order to solve such problems from occurring, there is need for a novel model that is designed to enhance the essential properties required for a flexible fabric, the simulation effect of the fabric, and the efficiency of simulation equation solving. Therefore, the improvement study results will offer a meaningful and practical understanding within the field of garment automation design, three-dimensional animation, virtual fitting to mention but a few.

scholarly journals Polymeric Nanocarriers: A Transformation in Doxorubicin Therapies

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2135
Author(s):  
Kamila Butowska ◽  
Anna Woziwodzka ◽  
Agnieszka Borowik ◽  
Jacek Piosik
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
First Line ◽  
Medical Expenses ◽  
Polymeric Nanocarriers ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cancerous Cells

Doxorubicin, a member of the anthracycline family, is a common anticancer agent often used as a first line treatment for the wide spectrum of cancers. Doxorubicin-based chemotherapy, although effective, is associated with serious side effects, such as irreversible cardiotoxicity or nephrotoxicity. Those often life-threatening adverse risks, responsible for the elongation of the patients’ recuperation period and increasing medical expenses, have prompted the need for creating novel and safer drug delivery systems. Among many proposed concepts, polymeric nanocarriers are shown to be a promising approach, allowing for controlled and selective drug delivery, simultaneously enhancing its activity towards cancerous cells and reducing toxic effects on healthy tissues. This article is a chronological examination of the history of the work progress on polymeric nanostructures, designed as efficient doxorubicin nanocarriers, with the emphasis on the main achievements of 2010–2020. Numerous publications have been reviewed to provide an essential summation of the nanopolymer types and their essential properties, mechanisms towards efficient drug delivery, as well as active targeting stimuli-responsive strategies that are currently utilized in the doxorubicin transportation field.

Modeling the dynamics of hepatitis E via the Caputo–Fabrizio derivative

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Altaf Khan ◽  
Zakia Hammouch ◽  
Dumitru Baleanu
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Point ◽  
Existence And Uniqueness ◽  
Numerical Scheme ◽  
Arbitrary Order ◽  
Fixed Point Theory ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Point Theory ◽  
Existence And Uniqueness Results ◽  
Uniqueness Results ◽  
Essential Properties

A virus that causes hepatitis E is known as (HEV) and regarded on of the reason for lever inflammation. In mathematical aspects a very low attention has been paid to HEV dynamics. Therefore, the present work explores the HEV dynamics in fractional derivative. The Caputo–Fabriizo derivative is used to study the dynamics of HEV. First, the essential properties of the model will be presented and then describe the HEV model with CF derivative. Application of fixed point theory is used to obtain the existence and uniqueness results associated to the model. By using Adams–Bashfirth numerical scheme the solution is obtained. Some numerical results and tables for arbitrary order derivative are presented.

scholarly journals Challenges in the Fabrication of Biodegradable and Implantable Optical Fibers for Biomedical Applications

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1972
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Gierej ◽  
Thomas Geernaert ◽  
Sandra Van Vlierberghe ◽  
Peter Dubruel ◽  
Hugo Thienpont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Biodegradable Materials ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
Optically Transparent

The limited penetration depth of visible light in biological tissues has encouraged researchers to develop novel implantable light-guiding devices. Optical fibers and waveguides that are made from biocompatible and biodegradable materials offer a straightforward but effective approach to overcome this issue. In the last decade, various optically transparent biomaterials, as well as different fabrication techniques, have been investigated for this purpose, and in view of obtaining fully fledged optical fibers. This article reviews the state-of-the-art in the development of biocompatible and biodegradable optical fibers. Whilst several reviews that focus on the chemical properties of the biomaterials from which these optical waveguides can be made have been published, a systematic review about the actual optical fibers made from these materials and the different fabrication processes is not available yet. This prompted us to investigate the essential properties of these biomaterials, in view of fabricating optical fibers, and in particular to look into the issues related to fabrication techniques, and also to discuss the challenges in the use and operation of these optical fibers. We close our review with a summary and an outline of the applications that may benefit from these novel optical waveguides.

Complex network analysis reveals novel essential properties of competition among individuals in an even-aged plant population

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 95-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Nakagawa ◽  
Masayuki Yokozawa ◽  
Toshihiko Hara
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Complex Network ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Complex Network Analysis ◽  
Essential Properties

Liquid Film Migration in Aluminium Brazing Sheet?

2006 ◽  
Vol 519-521 ◽  
pp. 1151-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wittebrood ◽  
S. Desikan ◽  
R. Boom ◽  
Laurens Katgerman
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Liquid Film ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Clear Explanation ◽  
Distribution Of Elements ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Liquid Film Migration

From literature and own observations it is known that the clad and core alloys that make up aluminium brazing sheet can show severe interaction during the brazing cycle. This interaction leads to a complete re-distribution of elements, changing essential properties like strength and corrosion resistance. This interaction has been reported many times but up to present time no clear explanation is given why this interaction is actually occurring. There are a number of publications addressing the circumstances under which the interaction is more severe. Chemistry and low levels of strain applied before brazing have a significant influence on the severity of the interaction. As a yet possible mechanism behind the interaction Liquid Film Migration is mentioned. The observations done so far are in line with this described mechanism but no ultimate proof has been given so far. The question why the interaction takes place cannot be answered yet, clearly a change of free energy of the system is involved but the mechanism or mechanisms behind the change is unclear.

scholarly journals When do L-fuzzy ideals of a ring generate a distributive lattice?

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 531-542
Author(s):  
Ninghua Gao ◽  
Qingguo Li ◽  
Zhaowen Li
Keyword(s):  
Distributive Lattice ◽  
Heyting Algebra ◽  
Lattice Structures ◽  
Boolean Ring ◽  
Fuzzy Subset ◽  
The Family ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
Fuzzy Ideal

AbstractThe notion of L-fuzzy extended ideals is introduced in a Boolean ring, and their essential properties are investigated. We also build the relation between an L-fuzzy ideal and the class of its L-fuzzy extended ideals. By defining an operator “⇝” between two arbitrary L-fuzzy ideals in terms of L-fuzzy extended ideals, the result that “the family of all L-fuzzy ideals in a Boolean ring is a complete Heyting algebra” is immediately obtained. Furthermore, the lattice structures of L-fuzzy extended ideals of an L-fuzzy ideal, L-fuzzy extended ideals relative to an L-fuzzy subset, L-fuzzy stable ideals relative to an L-fuzzy subset and their connections are studied in this paper.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document