scholarly journals The “Ruler Legend”: Tsar Nicholas I and the Route of the St. Petersburg-Moscow Railway, 1842-1843

Slavic Review ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-650
Author(s):  
Richard Mowbray Haywood
Keyword(s):  
The Many ◽  

Perhaps the most famous anecdote of the many connected with the reign of Tsar Nicholas I concerns the way in which he supposedly determined the route of the St. Petersburg-Moscow Railway. When asked by his officials the route along which it should be built, the tsar, on the spur of the moment, it is claimed, took a ruler, laid it on a map, and arbitrarily and hastily drew an absolutely straight line between the two capitals. The all-powerful despot had spoken, and his decision was carried out by his servile courtiers, regardless of consequences.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Nicola Parkin

This paper turns toward learning design, not as a role, method, skill or even style of thinking, but as something that we are already existentially ‘in’, a lived-and-living part of teaching which is natural and arises from the places of our here-and-now situations. This way of understanding the work of learning design contradicts the prevailing position of learning design as instrumental future-work in which our faces are ever turned towards a time that is always yet-to-come. Our work is not, in the temporal sense, of itself, but always on the way to being something other than itself.  As we strive to transcend our current situation towards a greater measure of fulfilment, we are reaching always away from ourselves. Instead, we might take a stance of ‘slow’: Slow makes a space for us to encounter ourselves in practice and invites us to stay-with rather than race ahead. It begins with the quietly radical act of seeing goodness in slowness, in trusting time. Slow means finding the natural pace of our work, and takes the long-scale view that accepts into itself the many tempos and time scales in the work of learning design – including at times, the need for fast work. This paper invites you to pause and sit, to expand the moment you are already in, and to ponder philosophically, rambling across the page with notions of untangling, opening, loosening, listening, seeing, belonging pondering, sitting with and trusting. Taking time to do so is self-affirming. But perhaps the deepest gift that slow offers is choice: it opens a space for considered thought and action, and calls into question the habits and expectations of speed that we have grown so accustomed to.


2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Patterson

This article addresses the increasingly popular approach to Freud and his work which sees him primarily as a literary writer rather than a psychologist, and takes this as the context for an examination of Joyce Crick's recent translation of The Interpretation of Dreams. It claims that translation lies at the heart of psychoanalysis, and that the many interlocking and overlapping implications of the word need to be granted a greater degree of complexity. Those who argue that Freud is really a creative writer are themselves doing a work of translation, and one which fails to pay sufficiently careful attention to the role of translation in writing itself (including the notion of repression itself as a failure to translate). Lesley Chamberlain's The Secret Artist: A Close Reading of Sigmund Freud is taken as an example of the way Freud gets translated into a novelist or an artist, and her claims for his ‘bizarre poems' are criticized. The rest of the article looks closely at Crick's new translation and its claim to be restoring Freud the stylist, an ordinary language Freud, to the English reader. The experience of reading Crick's translation is compared with that of reading Strachey's, rather to the latter's advantage.


Author(s):  
Ye. Didenko ◽  
O. Stepanenko

One of the indicators of the effective use of artillery is the accuracy of the fire impact on the objects of enemy. The accuracy of the artillery is achieved by completing the implementation of all measures for the preparation of shooting and fire control. Main measures of ballistic preparation are to determine and take into account the summary deviation of the initial velocity. The existing procedure for determining the summary deviation of the initial velocity for the check (main) cannon of battery leads to accumulation of ballistic preparation errors. The supply of artillery units with means of determining the initial speed of the projectile is insufficient. Among the many known methods for measuring the initial velocity, not enough attention was paid to the methods of analyzing the processes that occur during a shot in the "charge-shell-barrel" system. Under the action of the pressure of the powder gases in the barrel channel and the forces of the interaction of the projectile with the barrel there are springy deformations in the radial direction. To measure springy deformations it is advisable to use strain gauge sensors. Monitoring of deformation in a radial direction by time can be used to determine the moment of passing a projectile past the strain gauge mounted on the outer surface of the barrel. In the case of springy deformations, the initial resistance of the sensor varies in proportion to its value. The speed of the shell (mine) in the barrel can be determined by time between pulses of signals obtained from strain gauges located at a known distance from each other. The simplicity of the proposed method for measuring the initial velocity of an artillery shell provides an opportunity for equipping each cannon (mortar) with autonomous means for measuring the initial velocity. With the simultaneous puting into action of automatic control systems can be automatically taking into account the measurement results. This will change the existing procedure for determining the total deviation of the initial velocity and improve the accuracy, timeliness and suddenness of the opening of artillery fire, which are components of its efficiency.


Author(s):  
Christopher Hanlon

Emerson’s Memory Loss is about an archive of texts documenting Emerson’s intellectual state during the final phase of his life, as he underwent dementia. It is also about the way these texts provoke a rereading of the more familiar canon of Emerson’s thinking. Emerson’s memory loss, Hanlon argues, contributed to the shaping of a line of thought in America that emphasizes the social over the solipsistic, the affective over the distant, the many over the one. Emerson regarded his output during the time when his patterns of cognition transformed profoundly as a regathering of focus on the nature of memory and of thinking itself. His late texts theorize Emerson’s experience of senescence even as they disrupt his prior valorizations of the independent mind teeming with self-sufficient conviction. But still, these late writings have succumbed to a process of critical forgetting—either ignored by scholars or denied inclusion in Emerson’s oeuvre. Attending to a manuscript archive that reveals the extent to which Emerson collaborated with others—especially his daughter, Ellen Tucker Emerson—to articulate what he considered his most important work even as his ability to do so independently waned, Hanlon measures the resonance of these late texts across the stretch of Emerson’s thinking, including his writing about Margaret Fuller and his meditations on streams of thought that verge unto those of his godson, William James. Such ventures bring us toward a self defined less by its anxiety of overinfluence than by its communality, its very connectedness with myriad others.


Author(s):  
Richard Wigmans

This chapter describes some of the many pitfalls that may be encountered when developing the calorimeter system for a particle physics experiment. Several of the examples chosen for this chapter are based on the author’s own experience. Typically, the performance of a new calorimeter is tested in a particle beam provided by an accelerator. The potential pitfalls encountered in correctly assessing this performance both concern the analysis and the interpretation of the data collected in such tests. The analysis should be carried out with unbiased event samples. Several consequences of violating this principle are illustrated with practical examples. For the interpretation of the results, it is very important to realize that the conditions in a testbeam are fundamentally different than in practice. This has consequences for the meaning of the term “energy resolution”. It is shown that the way in which the results of beam tests are quoted may create a misleading impression of the quality of the tested instrument.


Author(s):  
Nicholas Wolterstorff

Often there are, among those who participate in some liturgical enactment by saying the prescribed words and performing the prescribed bodily actions, some who are lacking in faith: they do not have faith that the doctrines presupposed by the prescribed acts of worship are true. Why do they nonetheless participate in the way described? And what are they doing when they participate? Are they just going through the motions? Is that possible? Or are they, for example, thanking God even though they lack faith that God exists and is worthy of being thanked? Is that possible? These are the main questions addressed in this chapter. The chapter closes with a discussion and appraisal of the sincerity movement in eighteenth-century England, whose members insisted that worshippers should only say what they feel at the moment; to act otherwise would be insincere. And insincerity is a vice.


1880 ◽  
Vol 26 (113) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
B. F. C. Costelloe

The first number for the year is not remarkable for any paper of striking value. Readers of the Journal will be chiefly attracted by the long and clearly written resumé of Dr. Hughlings Jackson's recent studies “On Affections of Speech from Disease of the Brain,” which is contributed by Mr. James Sully. He remarks on the great value of Dr. Jackson's attempts to classify the different forms of aphasia under the three main heads or stages of—(1) Defect of Speech, in which the patient has a full vocabulary, but confuses words; (2) Loss of Speech, in which the patient is practically speechless, and his pantomimic power is impaired as well; and (3) Loss of Language, in which, besides being speechless, he has altogether lost the power of pantomime, and even his faculty of emotional language is deeply involved in the wreck. All these states or stages again are, properly speaking, to be distinguished altogether from affections of speech in the way of loss of articulation (owing to paralysis of the tongue, &c.), or loss of vocalisation (owing to disease of the larynx); whereas the three degrees or stages of aphasia proper are due to a deep-seated and severe disorganisation of the brain. The main interest of the theory lies in the ingenious and carefully-argued analysis of the symptoms, by which Dr. Jackson arrives at the theory that as the process of destruction goes on, the superior “layers” or strata of speech fail first—those namely which involve the ordinary power of adapting sounds to the circumstances of the moment as they arise; after them fail the “more highly organized utterances” those, namely, which have in any way become automatic, such as “come on,” “wo! wo!” and even “yes” and “no,” which stand on the border-line between emotional and intellectual language; next fails the power of adapting other than vocal signs to convey an intended meaning, which is called, rather clumsily, “pantomimic propositionising;” and last of all dies out the power of uttering sounds or making signs expressive merely of emotion—a power which, of course, is not true speech at all.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-411
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Cederbaum

Seldom has a scientific or biomedical break-through evoked the awe, controversy, or sheer incredulity that has accompanied the developments in the field of recombinant DNA technology or more popularly, gene cloning and genetic engineering. Now little more than one generation after Avery, et al1 demonstrated that genes were encoded in DNA and Watson and Crick2 interpreted the structure of these molecules, genes are being cut, manipulated, and recombined to produce unprecedented new insights into genetics and molecular biology and the prospect of gene therapy. These developments have not occurred without anxiety to both scientists and laymen. At the moment, neither the most apocalyptic fears nor the most optimistic dreams appear to be imminent, although I believe that the dreams are closer to fulfillment than the fears. Recombinant DNA technology is already having great impact in hematology, oncology, endocrinology, immunology, and infectious disease and will soon play an important role in other medical subspecialities as well. In none, however, will it have quite the same impact as in genetics because DNA is the material that genetics "is all about." The cloning and study of phenylalanine hydroxylase is one of the first instances in which this technology has important implications in the diseases traditionally classified as inborn errors of metabolism. In order to understand and appreciate the presentation by Woo on phenylalanine hydroxylase as well as the many future papers that will play so vital a role in all of our professional lives, it is necessary to acquire the basic vocabulary of the field.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-237
Author(s):  
C. ANDERSON ALDRICH
Keyword(s):  
The Many ◽  

This book adds another volume to the many already published on the subject of child care. Its preface and foreword are written by Donovan J. McCune, M.D., and Norvelle C. LaMar, M.D., respectively, who endorse the author's statements. There is little in the way of advice to which I would not subscribe. In fact it is remarkable that So many pages can be filled with so much advice which is highly acceptable. Miss Turner has done a masterful job of summarizing the liberal ideas of our times. However, one begins to doubt the efficacy of any book so full of instructions without an adequate discussion of the "whys" of liberal ideas.


1957 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernestine Friedl

The rural population of the province of Boeotia in Greece now makes considerable use of hospital care for childbirth and for serious illness.1 Both men and women, even those of the older generation, allow themselves to be hospitalized without objection, often, indeed quite willingly. This is a new phenomenon. It is a particularly interesting one because of the many psychological and practical obstacles in the way of the hospitalization of a Greek village patient. Traditionally, there has been a tendency to view hospitalization as a form of desertion of the sick person by the members of his family.2 Transportation to and from the villages to the provincial town in which the hospitals are located is difficult and expensive. Besides, doctors' bills and hospital costs themselves are quite high by local standards.


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