The Orientation of Middle American Sites

1945 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Macoowan
Keyword(s):  
American Culture ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Common Axis ◽  
The North ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All ◽  
South Axis ◽  
The City ◽  
North And South ◽  
Of Greece

One of the first aspects of Middle American culture which strikes an amateur as interesting and possibly significant is the ordered arrangement of the buildings in almost all sites. Like those of Egypt—and unlike those of Greece and Rome —the sites seem to have been planned on a large pattern. The individual buildings are arranged according to a scheme which gives them space and which orients them on a common axis. They are not dropped in helter-skelter, crowded cheek-by-jowl, and set at odd angles to one another. Further, the city plans of Middle America seemollow fhe another and larger pattern. This is the pattern of the north and south axis of each site and each building. This orientation almost invariably follows one of three schemes. I t is sometimes true north, sometimes about 7 degrees east of north, sometimes about 17 degrees east of north, but practically never west of north. There are some sites which have no general pattern, and therefore no orientation.

Debating the South in Unified Italy

2020 ◽  
pp. 186-214
Author(s):  
Stefan Nygård
Keyword(s):  
Nation State ◽  
The South ◽  
National Politics ◽  
The North ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
History Of ◽  
South Axis ◽  
Nation State Formation ◽  
North And South

The history of modern Italy is an illustrative example of the different social and spatial layers of the North–South divide. Since unification in 1861, Italy has struggled to overcome regional imbalances, mainly although not exclusively along a North–South axis. With an emphasis on the period following unification, when North-South was placed at the centre of national politics, this chapter surveys the lingering debates on Italy’s so-called Southern question and the dynamics of nation-state formation in which it is embedded. The contested history of this process includes debates over economic and moral debts caused by the uneven distribution of gains and sacrifices between North and South as a result of unification. Socio-economically, two North–South divides developed in parallel after unification; the more significant one between Italy and transalpine Europe, and the initially minor but eventually growing divergence between the northern and southern regions within Italy. The ideas of development, catching-up and “Europeanization” were recurring themes in the intellectual and political debates discussed in the chapter. The contested issue was whether the North was developing the South, or vice versa.

scholarly journals Urban Regeneration Projects Bound to Water, along and towards the Tagus Estuary (Portugal)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6578
Author(s):  
Caterina Anastasia
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Regeneration ◽  
Tagus Estuary ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
The North ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The City ◽  
North And South ◽  
Hydrographic Network

Water is becoming a support for landscape and urban projects in a densely urbanised area settled along the Tagus Estuary, dubbed the City of the Tagus Estuary (CTE). Analysing two recent projects along and towards the Tagus Estuary hydrographic network, this article highlights how the most evident limit (the water) can function as the strongest binder, natural link, and shared public space of the CTE. Located, respectively, on the north and south banks of the estuary, the analysed projects become a way to think about urban strategies and promotions that use water as a way to build (re-build or reformulate) the image of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. Today, open spaces bound to waterlines support an appealing and winning urban regeneration formula. Our goal is to understand what kind of role water is called to play with regard to the CTE. We ask: is the water called to play merely the role of building a new image of the city as a ground for investors? Is water the way to build a green and habitable CTE? This article concludes that the analysed projects contribute (as expected) to the promotion of the surrounding areas and propose appropriate solutions while occasionally overcoming the current local urban planning.

scholarly journals Tourism

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Richard White ◽  
Justine Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Urban Tourism ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Everyday Activity ◽  
Tourist Gaze ◽  
Blue Mountains ◽  
The North ◽  
International Visitors ◽  
The City ◽  
North And South

Sydney has been shaped by tourism but in a large metropolis, where tourist experiences so often overlap with everyday activity, its impact often escapes attention. Urban tourism involves not just international visitors, but people from interstate and regional NSW and even day trippers, who all see and use the city differently. Tourist Sydney has never been the same as workaday Sydney – the harbour, beaches, city centre, the Blue Mountains and national parks to the north and south loomed disproportionately large in the tourist gaze, while vast swathes of suburbia were invisible.

scholarly journals Working for the State in the Urban Economies of Ankara, Bursa, and Salonica: From Empire to Nation State, 1840s–1940s

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (S24) ◽  
pp. 213-241
Author(s):  
M. Erdem Kabadayi
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
The State ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The City ◽  
Of Greece

AbstractIn most cases, and particularly in the cases of Greece and Turkey, political transformation from multinational empire to nation state has been experienced to a great extent in urban centres. In Ankara, Bursa, and Salonica, the cities selected for this article, the consequences of state-making were drastic for all their inhabitants; Ankara and Bursa had strong Greek communities, while in the 1840s Salonica was the Jewish metropolis of the eastern Mediterranean, with a lively Muslim community. However, by the 1940s, Ankara and Bursa had lost almost all their non-Muslim inhabitants and Salonica had lost almost all its Muslims. This article analyses the occupational structures of those three cities in the mid-nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth, tracing the role of the state as an employer and the effects of radical political change on the city-level historical dynamics of labour relations.

Structural Features of the Grey Granites of Aberdeenshire

1945 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 189-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
The North ◽  
The City ◽  
North And South

INTRODUCTIONThe area containing the quarries discussed in this paper extends inland from the City of Aberdeen for a distance of about twenty miles and is bounded on the north and south by the rivers Don and Dee. This is the area of the Newer Granites of Aberdeenshire, which C. B. Bisset has described in “A Contribution to the Study of Some Granites near Aberdeen” and has divided the acid igneous rocks into:—1. The Skene Complex: consisting of diorite, adamellite, grey granites, transition types and minor intrusions.2. Later Group: consisting of coarse red granites.

scholarly journals The Flare and Warp of the Young Stellar Disk Traced with LAMOST DR5 OB-type Stars

2021 ◽  
Vol 922 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Yang Yu ◽  
Hai-Feng Wang ◽  
Wen-Yuan Cui ◽  
Lin-Lin Li ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Galactic Plane ◽  
Scale Height ◽  
Stellar Disk ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Galactocentric Distance ◽  
Secular Evolution ◽  
The North ◽  
Red Giant ◽  
Almost All ◽  
North And South

Abstract We present an analysis of the spatial density structure for the outer disk from 8–14 kpc with the LAMOST DR5 13,534 OB-type stars and observe similar flaring on the north and south sides of the disk, implying that the flaring structure is symmetrical about the Galactic plane, for which the scale height at different Galactocentric distances is from 0.14 to 0.5 kpc. By using the average slope to characterize the flaring strength, we find that the thickness of the OB stellar disk is similar but that flaring is slightly stronger compared to the thin disk as traced by red giant branch stars, possibly implying that secular evolution is not the main contributor to the flaring but rather perturbation scenarios such as interactions with passing dwarf galaxies could be possible. When comparing the scale height of the OB stellar disk on the north and south sides with the gas disk, the former one is slightly thicker than the latter one by ≈33 and 9 pc, meaning that one could tentatively use young OB-type stars to trace the gas properties. Meanwhile, we determine that the radial scale length of the young OB stellar disk is 1.17 ± 0.05 kpc, which is shorter than that of the gas disk, confirming that the gas disk is more extended than the stellar disk. What is more, by considering the midplane displacements (Z 0) in our density model we find that almost all values of Z 0 are within 100 pc, with an increasing trend as Galactocentric distance increases.

scholarly journals The 2018 Mw 7.5 Palu Earthquake: A Supershear Rupture Event Constrained by InSAR and Broadband Regional Seismograms

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Fang ◽  
Caijun Xu ◽  
Yangmao Wen ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Guangyu Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Propagation ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Strike Direction ◽  
Slip Pulse ◽  
Rupture Model ◽  
Dip Angle ◽  
Total Seismic Moment ◽  
The City ◽  
North And South

The 28 September 2018 Mw 7.5 Palu earthquake occurred at a triple junction zone where the Philippine Sea, Australian, and Sunda plates are convergent. Here, we utilized Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 (ALOS-2) interferometry synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data together with broadband regional seismograms to investigate the source geometry and rupture kinematics of this earthquake. Results showed that the 2018 Palu earthquake ruptured a fault plane with a relatively steep dip angle of ~85°. The preferred rupture model demonstrated that the earthquake was a supershear event from early on, with an average rupture speed of 4.1 km/s, which is different from the common supershear events that typically show an initial subshear rupture. The rupture expanded rapidly (~4.1 km/s) from the hypocenter and propagated bilaterally towards the north and south along the strike direction during the first 8 s, and then to the south. Four visible asperities were ruptured during the slip pulse propagation, which resulted in four significant deformation lobes in the coseismic interferogram. The maximum slip of 6.5 m was observed to the south of the city of Palu, and the total seismic moment released within 40 s was 2.64 × 1020 N·m, which was equivalent to Mw 7.55. Our results shed some light on the transtensional tectonism in Sulawesi, given that the 2018 Palu earthquake was dominated by left-lateral strike slip (slip maxima is 6.2 m) and that some significant normal faulting components (slip maxima is ~3 m) were resolved as well.

“There Will Be No Discrimination”

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Welky
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Labor Contracts ◽  
The North ◽  
Substandard Housing ◽  
The City ◽  
North And South

The 1937 flood of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers was one of the highest and most destructive on record. It affected millions of lives, devastated thousands of towns, and killed hundreds of people. The Bluff City, as its name suggests, escaped the worst of the deluge. Although waters did inundate the north and south ends of town, it became a massive refugee center that crammed tens of thousands of flood victims into space that should have accommodated hundreds. Black Memphis felt the flood in racially specific ways. Police trolled Beale Street looking for able-bodied men to put to work on levees. Area landlords driven from nearby farmlands jammed their sharecroppers into substandard housing, lest they escape their punitive labor contracts. As this essay shows, when the city broke down, the fate of local African Americans became a political tool in the hands of Mayor Watkins Overton and “Boss” E. H. Crump.

Corinth

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clyde E. Fant ◽  
Mitchell G. Reddish
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
The City ◽  
Southern Greece ◽  
Of Greece

No city in the ancient world both benefited and suffered from its location more than Corinth. Situated on the main north-south route between northern and southern Greece, and with two good ports that linked it to Italy on the west and Asia Minor on the east, Corinth quickly became a center for commerce. But the location of Corinth also had its downside. The city often found itself caught in the middle between hostile neighbors, Athens to the north and Sparta to the south. Armies crisscrossed its streets as often as merchants, and more than once the city had to arise from ashes and rubble. Today only Athens attracts more interest in Greece for its historic antiquities than Corinth. It ranks as a must-see location for every traveler to Greece. Ancient Corinth is located less than two hours south of Athens. Tours run often from local hotels. Likewise, a rental automobile gives easy access and makes it possible to see nearby sites of interest not on the usual tours. The great city of Corinth prospered for many reasons. In addition to its prominence as a center for trade and commerce, agriculture also flourished in the area. The soil around the city was thin and rocky, but just to the west, along the Nemean River, a rich plain produced heavy harvests of grain and other crops. Raisins were first developed there, and the word currant is a medieval corruption of Corinth. Tourism was another important source of income. The famous Isthmian Games, second only to the Olympic Games and more prestigious than those held in Delphi and Nemea, brought thousands of tourists to Corinth every two years and further added to its fame and fortune. During its early period Corinth also attracted many travelers to its famous (or notorious) Temple of Aphrodite atop the Acrocorinth (“high Corinth,” or upper Corinth, the portion of the city atop the 1,900-foot mountain to the southeast of the city). Additionally, according to Plutarch, these multiple sources of wealth caused Corinth to become one of the three great banking centers of Greece, along with Athens and Patrae.

Potential Distribution of Fall Armyworm in Africa and Beyond, Considering Climate Change and Irrigation Patterns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bipana Paudel Timilsena ◽  
Saliou Niassy ◽  
Emily Kimathi ◽  
Elfatih. M. Abdel-Rahman ◽  
Irmgard Seidl-Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Africa ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
The North ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Population Establishment ◽  
Almost All ◽  
North And South ◽  
Irrigation Patterns

Abstract The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (FAW), first invaded Africa in 2016 and has since become established in many areas across the continent where it poses a serious threat to food and nutrition security. We re-parameterized the existing CLIMEX model to assess the FAW global invasion threat, emphasizing the risk of transient and permanent population establishment in Africa under current and predicted future climates, considering irrigation patterns. FAW can establish itself in almost all countries in eastern and central Africa and a large part of western Africa under the current climate. Climatic barriers, such as heat and dry stresses, may limit the spread of FAW to North and South Africa. Future predictions suggest that FAW invasive range will retract from both northern and southern regions towards the equator. However, a large area in eastern and central Africa is predicted to have an optimal climate for FAW persistence. These areas will serve as FAW ‘hotspots’ from where it may migrate to the north and south during winter seasons and then pose an economic threat. Our projections can be used to identify countries at risk for permanent and transient FAW-population establishment and inform timely integrated pest management interventions under present and future climate in Africa.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document