Additional Cautions on the Use of the Glo Survey Records in Vegetational Reconstructions in the Midwest

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances B. King
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Climatic Effects ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
General Land Office ◽  
General Land Office Surveys

Data from the United States General Land Office Surveys are frequently used to reconstruct the vegetation existing at the time of European settlement as a basis for biotic models. The vegetation recorded in those surveys had been influenced not only by climatic conditions considerably colder and more moist than the present, but by frequent, widespread burning as well. The effect of such burning on the distribution and composition of forest vegetation was as great as the climatic effects and must be taken into account when building prehistoric vegetational models in the Midwest.

scholarly journals Burrow casts from the Lystrosaurus-Procolophon Assemblage-zone, Karoo Sequence, South Africa

Koedoe ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.H. Groenewald
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Desiccation Cracks ◽  
Assemblage Zone

Five types of burrow casts from the Lystrosaurus- Procolophon Assemblage-zone (Palingkloof Member and Katberg Formation, Triassic, Karoo sequence. South Africa) are associated with casts of desiccation cracks and red mudstone. Vertebrate remains of Lystrosaurus sp. and Procolophon sp. indicate that these animals probably made the burrows during the Triassic. It is possible that burrowing was an adaptive advantage during periods of severe and unfavourable climatic conditions. Similar burrow casts were found in the Dicynodon-Theriognathus Assemblage-zone, suggesting a burrowing habit for fauna represented in this zone. In structure, the burrow casts resemble those of Scoyenia, Thalassinoides, Histioderma, Gyrolithes and Planolites reported from Germany, France, Asia, Ireland, Spain and the United States of America.

scholarly journals The Urban Worlds of Latin and Anglo America: PrefatoryThoughts

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Richard M. Morse
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Urban Experience ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Introductory Paper

This introductory paper examines some of the main questions raised by the papers presented to the urbanization symposium in Vancouver. Comparisons between the Latin American urban experience and that of the United States and Canada revealed basic contrasts in spite of some broad hemispheric similarities. Differences were particularly apparent in the residual influence of native society on later European settlement, in the role of the state versus private commerce in growth and development, and in the differing class structures.

scholarly journals Projected expansion in climatic suitability for Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas Disease, and five widespread Triatoma species by 2070: the role of climate change on infectious diseases

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Nichols ◽  
Chris J Butler ◽  
Wayne D Lord ◽  
Michelle L Haynie
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Current Potential

The vector-borne parasite Trypanosoma cruzi infects seven million individuals globally and causes chronic cardiomyopathy and gastrointestinal diseases. Recently, T. cruzi has emerged in the southern United States. It is crucial for disease surveillance efforts to detail regions that present favorable climatic conditions for T. cruzi and vector establishment. We used MaxEnt to develop an ecological niche model for T. cruzi and five widespread Triatoma vectors based on 546 published localities within the United States. We modeled regions of current potential T. cruzi and Triatoma distribution and then regions projected to have suitable climatic conditions by 2070. Regions with suitable climatic conditions for the study organisms are predicted to increase within the United States. Our findings agree with the hypothesis that climate change will facilitate the expansion of tropical diseases throughout temperate regions and suggest climate change will influence the expansion of T. cruzi and Triatoma vectors in the United States.

scholarly journals Baseline Conditions and Projected Future Hydro-Climatic Change in National Parks in the Conterminous United States

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1704
Author(s):  
William Battaglin ◽  
Lauren Hay ◽  
David Lawrence ◽  
Greg McCabe ◽  
Parker Norton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Climatic Change ◽  
National Park ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Climate Simulations ◽  
Baseline Conditions

The National Park Service (NPS) manages hundreds of parks in the United States, and many contain important aquatic ecosystems and/or threatened and endangered aquatic species vulnerable to hydro-climatic change. More effective management of park resources under future hydro-climatic uncertainty requires information on both baseline conditions and the range of projected future conditions. A monthly water balance model was used to assess baseline (1981–1999) conditions and a range of projected future hydro-climatic conditions in 374 NPS parks. General circulation model outputs representing 214 future climate simulations were used to drive the model. Projected future changes in air temperature (T), precipitation (p), and runoff (R) are expressed as departures from historical baselines. Climate simulations indicate increasing T by 2030 for all parks with 50th percentile simulations projecting increases of 1.67 °C or more in 50% of parks. Departures in 2030 p indicate a mix of mostly increases and some decreases, with 50th percentile simulations projecting increases in p in more than 70% of parks. Departures in R for 2030 are mostly decreases, with the 50th percentile simulations projecting decreases in R in more than 50% of parks in all seasons except winter. Hence, in many NPS parks, R is projected to decrease even when p is projected to increase because of increasing T in all parks. Projected changes in future hydro-climatic conditions can also be assessed for individual parks, and Rocky Mountain National Park and Congaree National Park are used as examples.

scholarly journals The Potential Global Distribution and Voltinism of the Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Under Current and Future Climates

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Jean Kistner-Thomas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Global Distribution ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Niche Model ◽  
Rcp 8.5

Abstract Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica (Newman), is a severe invasive insect pest of turf, landscapes, and horticultural crops. It has successfully colonized much of the United States and has recently established in mainland Europe. The distribution and voltinism of P. japonica will undoubtedly change as a consequence of climate change, posing additional challenges to the management of this species. To assess these challenges, a process-oriented bioclimatic niche model for P. japonica was developed to examine its potential global distribution under current (1981–2010) and projected climatic conditions (2040–2059) using one emission scenario (representative concentration pathway [RCP] 8.5) and two global climate models, ACCESS1-0 and CNRM-CM5. Under current climatic conditions, the bioclimatic niche model agreed well with all credible distribution data. Model projections indicate a strong possibility of further range expansion throughout mainland Europe under both current and future climates. In North America, projected increases in temperature would enable northward range expansion across Canada while simultaneously shifting southern range limits in the United States. In Europe, the suitable range for P. japonica would increase by 23% by midcentury, especially across portions of the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Scandinavia. Under the RCP 8.5 scenario, cumulative growing degree-days increased, thereby reducing the probability of biannual life cycles in northern latitudes where they can occur, including Hokkaido, Japan, northeastern portions of the United States, and southern Ontario, Canada. The results of this study highlight several regions of increasing and emerging risk from P. japonica that should be considered routinely in ongoing biosecurity and pest management surveys.

A Chronological Problem Presented by Sandia Cave, New Mexico

1940 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley L. Bliss
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
North America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Interesting Problem ◽  
Glacial Deposits ◽  
Ground Sloth ◽  
Made In

Sandia Cave is located in an escarpment of Pennsylvania limestone in Ellis Canyon, thirty miles northeast of Albuquerque, New Mexico. It presents an interesting problem in regard to the time when man existed in North America contemporaneously with the horse (equus?), the ground sloth (nothrotherium), and other extinct Pleistocene forms. In the United States, discoveries of artifacts with extinct mammals do not show necessarily that man existed in the Pleistocene or ice age, but may indicate that the mammals have survived that period and become extinct in more recent times. The best criteria for dating would be collections made in the glaciated areas and associated with glacial deposits. However, this is not always possible, and other means must be sought. Dating can be done to some degree of accuracy by the interpretation of climatic conditions that existed at the time the deposits were laid down.

scholarly journals Analysis of Induction and Establishment of Dwarf Bunt of Wheat Under Marginal Climatic Conditions

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-484
Author(s):  
Blair J. Goates ◽  
Gary L. Peterson ◽  
Robert L. Bowden ◽  
Larry D. Maddux
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Winter Climate ◽  
Dwarf Bunt

Dwarf bunt caused by Tilletia contraversa is a disease of winter wheat that has a limited geographic distribution due to specific winter climate requirements. The pathogen is listed as a quarantine organism by several countries that may have wheat production areas with inadequate or marginal climate for the disease—in particular the People's Republic of China. Field experiments were conducted in the United States in an area of Kansas that is a climatic analog to the northern winter wheat areas of China to evaluate the risk of disease introduction into such areas. The soil surface of four replicate 2.8 × 9.75 m plots, planted with a highly susceptible cultivar, was inoculated with six teliospore concentrations ranging from 0.88 to 88,400 teliospores/cm2. A single initial inoculation was done in each of three nurseries planted during separate seasons followed by examination for disease for 4 to 6 years afterward. Any diseased spikes produced were crushed and returned to the plots where they were produced. One nursery had no disease during all six seasons. In two nurseries, the disease was induced at trace levels at the three highest inoculation rates. Disease carryover to the second year occurred during one year in one nursery in plots at the highest inoculation rate, but no disease occurred the following three seasons. A duplicate nursery planted in a disease conducive area in Utah demonstrated that the highest rate of inoculum used in the experiments was sufficient to cause almost 100% infection. This study demonstrated that in an area with marginal climatic conditions it was possible to induce transient trace levels of dwarf bunt, but the disease was not established even with a highly susceptible cultivar and high levels of inoculum. Our results support the conclusions of the 1999 Agreement on U.S.-China Agricultural Cooperation which set a tolerance for teliospores in grain, and supports the Risk Assessment Model for Importation of United States Milling Wheat Containing T. contraversa.

scholarly journals Identification of Regional Climatic Conditions Favorable for Development of European Canker of Apple

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Beresford ◽  
Kwang Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Moving Window Analysis ◽  
Regional Disease

Months of the year with high risk of European canker (Neonectria galligena) development in areas of the United States, Chile, England, and Northern Ireland were determined from published data. Moving-window analysis of long-term climatic data was used to classify disease risk in these areas in relation to rainfall and temperature conditions using the degree of agreement statistic. Greatest agreement occurred when it both rained on >30% of days/month and there was an average of >8 h/day with temperature of 11 to 16°C. When these thresholds were applied in eight validation areas in New Zealand, Australia, the United States, The Netherlands, and Denmark, areas with reported higher risk of disease tended to be areas where the thresholds were exceeded more often and by greater amounts. Areas at higher latitudes (>52°) with frequent summer rainfall appeared to be most prone to European canker, including the fruit rot phase of the disease, probably because summer temperatures were more favorable than at lower latitudes. The climatic thresholds derived for European canker could be useful for studies of disease establishment risk, surveillance, eradication, climate change impact assessment, and, possibly, for disease risk forecasting. The methods used in this study allowed conditions favorable for disease development to be identified even though quantitative regional disease data were lacking, and they could be useful for similar geoclimatic studies of other diseases.

Response to “Potential distribution of citrus black spot in the United States based on climatic conditions”, Er et al. 2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Graham ◽  
Tim R. Gottwald ◽  
Lavern W. Timmer ◽  
Armando Bergamin Filho ◽  
Frank Van Den Bosch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Citrus Black Spot
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