On permutation policies for the scheduling of deteriorating stochastic jobs on a single machine

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Glazebrook
Keyword(s):  
Single Machine ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Control Of Queues ◽  
The Status ◽  
Weighted Flowtime ◽  
Expected Makespan

A single machine is available to process a collection of stochastic jobs. Processing is preemptive and so (for example) the machine is allowed to switch away from a job before completion, should that prove advantageous. The jobs are deteriorating in the sense that their processing requirements grow (at job-specific rates) as they await processing. This phenomenon might be expected to enhance the status of non-preemptive policies. The primary objective of the paper is to find conditions which are sufficient to ensure the existence of a permutation policy to minimise the expected makespan. We also derive results for a weighted flowtime criterion. Applications of such models to the control of queues and to communication systems have been cited by other authors.

On permutation policies for the scheduling of deteriorating stochastic jobs on a single machine

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (01) ◽  
pp. 184-193
Author(s):  
K. D. Glazebrook
Keyword(s):  
Single Machine ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Control Of Queues ◽  
The Status ◽  
Weighted Flowtime ◽  
Expected Makespan

A single machine is available to process a collection of stochastic jobs. Processing is preemptive and so (for example) the machine is allowed to switch away from a job before completion, should that prove advantageous. The jobs are deteriorating in the sense that their processing requirements grow (at job-specific rates) as they await processing. This phenomenon might be expected to enhance the status of non-preemptive policies. The primary objective of the paper is to find conditions which are sufficient to ensure the existence of a permutation policy to minimise the expected makespan. We also derive results for a weighted flowtime criterion. Applications of such models to the control of queues and to communication systems have been cited by other authors.

scholarly journals Pedagogical theories and the process of internalization of moral values

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e49921
Author(s):  
Juliana Santos Monteiro Vieira ◽  
Dinamara Garcia Feldens
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Friedrich Nietzsche ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
State Culture ◽  
The Status ◽  
Pedagogical Discourses

The present article proposes to reflect on the process of internalization of moral values as the primary objective of Education, through historical and philosophical sources, analyzing, for this, theoretical frameworks of Pedagogy, such as: Comenius, Pestalozzi, Herbart and Durkheim. Our methodology was based on the bibliographic and authorial writings of these theorists and we try to question the logic established in pedagogical discourses, starting from the critic of moral values formulated by Friedrich Nietzsche, emphasizing aspects present in the referred theories and their reverberations in singularities and collectivities. The process of internalizing moral values had as its priority making education an instrument for the ordering of subjects, making it useful to the interests of state culture. It is understood that subjectivities are constituted inside and outside for the moral field and that the same is not alien or should be non-existent in school. However, it has been attempted to demonstrate in this article, how the moral field has been reduced to a process of disciplining and ordering, according to pre-determined models, virtues and values, which shows the limited pedagogical perspective in the vision of the moral field, which from its conception responds to interests and prioritizes the maintenance of the status quo.

scholarly journals Single Machine Predictive Scheduling Using Inserted Idle Times

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongli Zhu ◽  
Hong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Single Machine ◽  
Completion Time ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Computational Experiments ◽  
Scheduling Problem ◽  
High Predictability ◽  
Surrogate Measure ◽  
Predictive Scheduling ◽  
Completion Times

A single machine predictive scheduling problem is considered. The primary objective is to minimize the total completion times. The predictability of the schedule is measured by the completion time deviations between the predictive schedule and realized schedule. The surrogate measure of predictability is chosen to evaluate the completion time deviations. Both of the primary objective and predictability are optimized. In order to absorb the effects of disruptions, the predictive schedule is generated by inserting idle times. Right-shift rescheduling method is used as the rescheduling strategy. Three methods are designed to construct predictive schedules. The computational experiments show that these algorithms provide high predictability with minor sacrifices in shop performance.

scholarly journals Status of Knowledge Based Economy in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: An Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 268-277
Author(s):  
Omar Salem Bashehab
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
The Status ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
The Government

This paper highlights on the emerging issues that compelled Saudi Arabia in transforming its economy to a knowledge-based one. It discusses the pillars of a knowledge-based economy i.e. the institutional model; education; research and development (R&D); and information and communication technology (ICT) adopted by the World Bank Institute framework to analyze the status of a knowledge-based economy in Saudi Arabia. The primary objective of this article is to understand the status of the knowledgebased economy in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Secondary data was collected for writing the paper. The nine developmental plans of Saudi Arabia (Ministry of Economy and Planning), Ministry of Education reports, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology reports, and Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (SAMA) reports are some of the important sources of data. The government of Saudi Arabia has laid the foundation for transforming its economy to a knowledge-based one but more is required especially in the field of human resource development and innovation to expedite the easiness of the transforming process.

scholarly journals The industrial city and its structural changes in local plans on the example of Ruda Śląska, Poland

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Rysz ◽  
Monika Janiszek
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
The City

Abstract In the modern world, the subject of spatial planning is being increasingly raised by residents of municipalities - mainly because of the lack of a direct influence on the process of local development and aesthetics of the surroundings. Today, the primary objective of spatial planning is not only to form a proper connection between function and space but also to balance public and private interests. Constantly developed geographic spatial information systems allow not only for easy navigation around the city, but more importantly for more advanced analyses, such as the recognition of the current trends in estate development, communication systems, changes in agricultural and forest areas. The main objective of the research is to define functional-spatial links determined by social-economic needs reflected in local plans and to verify the similarities between local plans, that were drawn up in three different periods (PRL, the transition period, and in accordance with nowadays applicable laws), how the changing economic, social goals and current needs of the city affected the continuation of the adopted solutions. The study shows that despite changes in the law and abandoning the idea of industrial city, in which the landscape is dominated by blast furnaces and mine shafts, the basic trend has been maintained and local plans prepared in subsequent years form a continuum, and despite the different scales of development are closely linked. At the same time it has been shown that modern GIS tools enable verification of the continuity of spatial policy of the municipality.

Policy Approaches to Promote Women Entrepreneurship in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 147-165
Author(s):  
Nishi Tyagi ◽  
Rinkal Sharma ◽  
Pallavi Jain
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Women’S Entrepreneurship ◽  
The Status ◽  
Women's Entrepreneurship ◽  
Successful Women ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Women are traditionally regarded as homemakers and are restricted to household affairs and family customs. At the same time, the Indian society is a male-dominated one in the sociological setup, and the women are considered weak and dependent. The major problems of women's entrepreneurship development in India are poor degree of financial freedom for rural women, lack of direct ownership of the property, low risk bearing ability, and lack of contact with successful women entrepreneurs. Through their diligent work, determination, integrity, and dedication, these ambitious women are making a reputation for themselves and gained wealth. The primary objective of this chapter is to discuss the status and problems along with the solutions of women entrepreneurs in India. It also includes the significance of women's entrepreneurship and analyzes the policies of the Indian government for women in urban and rural areas. It will initiate a dialogue with policymakers on how to foster enhanced innovation in women-owned enterprises in India.

scholarly journals Women Prisons in North-Eastern Thailand: How Well Do They Meet International Human Rights Standards?

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 123-136
Author(s):  
Srisombat Chokprajakchat ◽  
Wanaporn Techagaisiyavanit
Keyword(s):  
Prison Population ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Female Inmates ◽  
Research Article ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Challenging Tasks ◽  
The Status ◽  
Human Rights Standards

Thailand has one of the highest incarceration rates of women in the world. With an increasing prison population overall as well as an increasing proportion of female inmates, the country faces one of its most challenging tasks in penitentiary administration: reforms to its legal landscape and its correctional practices in line with international standards. A response to such a crisis is to undertake a prison evaluation project to ensure proper implementation of the United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodial Measures for Women Offenders (also known as the ‘Bangkok Rules’). The primary objective of this research article is to assess and identify a prison model that can inspire the development of other prison facilities, while supporting a firm commitment to maintain and improve the status of current model facilities.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY: A PAKISTAN PERSPECTIVE

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Questionnaire Development ◽  
Real Term ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Construction Organizations ◽  
The Status ◽  
Study Methodology

Purpose - The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the issue of suitability, acceptability and degree of implementation of Quality Management (QM) practices in the construction industry of Pakistan. Currently the status of adoption of QM principles particularly in this industry and more specifically in the prevailing culture and context of Pakistani environment is overwhelmingly poor which led the researcher to go for this study. Methodology/sampling - The study entails questionnaire development and the analysis of its responses from seventeen leading construction organizations operating in Pakistan during year 2012. The study also incorporates data from various secondary sources. The analysis was carried out using basic statistical tools such as mean, median and standard deviation and bar chart was employed to represent the data. Findings - The findings revealed that the concept and meaning of quality is not understood and interpreted in its true sense. The conformance to standard specifications (SOPs) is considered to be equivalent to implementation of Quality Management which is far from truth. It was also determined that general lack of awareness and untrained employees that are mostly uneducated labor is one of the major causes towards this dismal. Practical Implications - It is hoped that the outcomes of this study may provide a guideline to the owners of the construction industry and help them understand the notion of Quality Management in its real term. It will also assist the monitoring and regulating agencies to devise policies accordingly catering to the need of the modern era that will help Pakistani construction industry to compete locally and globally.

Recogntion in International Law: Recognition of States and European Integration - Legal and Political Considerations

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Ermira Mehmeti
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
International Peace ◽  
International Recognition ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
The Status ◽  
New States ◽  
Legal Arguments ◽  
Political Act

Recognition of States in international law is a political act based on interests and assessments made by states individually. However, in granting recognition, it is the legal arguments that must prevail. The recognizing State should base its decision on a legal framework which makes the act of recognition valid and credible. At the same time, such political decision supported by legal arguments may in no way threaten international peace and security, and may not be in collision with the peremptory norms of international law. Following is a paper on recognition of States in international law as seen from the aspect of international peace and stability. The primary objective of the international community, particularly since the establishment of the United Nations Organization, has been the maintenance of peace and security in the world. Therefore, the international recognition of entities that have demonstrated wide and strong capacity to be states, and whose attitude has been to serve the greater interests of peace, security, harmony and prosperity among people, must be a principled decision, not conditioned by mere political interests. International recognition of states is a precondition for the prosperity of new states. As such, it must obtain the status of a stabilizing instrument of new entities as well. When it comes to small states, this act is even more significant, for it secures and protects them from potential threats, hence strengthening the commitment for peace and stability. In the context of European Union membership process, it must be underlined that recognition may not become an obstacle to the aspiring States, though it seems to be the case at present. Macedonia and Kosovo are case in point. Recognition must become a catalyst and incentive for a quicker, more efficient and full-fledged euro-integrating process, which is crucial for preserving long-term stability, functioning democracy and peace and understanding among people.

scholarly journals Primary lower segment caesarean section in multipara: materno-fetal outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Grishma P. Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Perinatal Morbidity ◽  
Lower Segment ◽  
Safe Delivery ◽  
Lower Segment Caesarean Section ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries ◽  
The Status ◽  
Almost All

Background: All-natural birth has a purpose and a plan; who would think of tearing open the chrysalis as the butterfly is emerging? Who would break the shell to pull the chick out?” ~ Marie Mongon. It is of particular interest, in light of increased incidence of abdominal delivery throughout the country and in the world, to judge the validity of this procedure when used for the first time in the multipara.Methods: All the cases of Primary caesarean delivery in multipara over a period of 18 months were studied with regards to the indication, associated risks factors, and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The primary objective of the study was to find out the status of primary Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS) in multipara in tertiary care center.Results: The overall incidence of LSCS was 30.7%. The incidence of Primary LSCS in multipara was 23.4%. The most common indication of LSCS was Foetal Distress i.e. 40.8%. Almost all caesarean sections were done in Emergency (99.2%). 12.3% of patients underwent PPH intra-operatively with 0.7% patient requiring Obstetric hysterectomy. Majority of the neonates were admitted in NICU for Respiratory Distress (30%). Major cause of Post-operative morbidity was wound gape seen in 10.8% patients.Conclusions: The fact that a multipara has had one or more vaginal deliveries should be regarded as an optimistic historical fact, not as diagnostic criteria for spontaneous delivery of the pregnancy at hand. Hence a multiparous woman in labour requires the same attention as that of primigravida and may still require a caesarean section for safe delivery. Good antenatal and intrapartum care and early referral will help reduce the maternal and perinatal morbidity.

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