Hellenistic Epigraphic Texts from Gordion

The excavations at Gordion have produced extensive material to be added to the epigraphical record of central Anatolia. Included in this are 187 Phrygian texts written in the epichoric script of Gordion, which have recently been published by Claude Brixhe and Michel Lejeune, and a large body of pottery marks, numerical texts, and other non-verbal graffiti, which has been studied by the present author. There is in addition a quantity of epigraphical material from the Hellenistic levels at Gordion not discussed in these two works. While their individual character is quite varied, these Hellenistic texts have in common the fact that all were written in Greek script. Eleven of them consist of words or short phrases in the Greek language, while the remainder are owners' marks, i.e., names or abbreviations of names. These texts shed light on several aspects of the site during the Hellenistic period. They help document the decline of both Phrygian script and language in the settlement. They also suggest probable shifts of population during the late fourth and third centuries B.C. through the increasing use of common Greek proper names and the occurrence of Celtic names. In general, they provide a glimpse of the impact of the Greek presence on the local Phrygian populace during the fourth and third centuries B.C.

The Greek Impact in Asia Minor 400–250 BCE

10.1093/oso/9780198805663.003.0002 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Stephen Mitchell

Keyword(s):

Fourth Century ◽

Democratic Legitimacy ◽

Asia Minor ◽

Hellenistic Period ◽

Greek Language ◽

Persian Empire ◽

Greek Culture ◽

Fourth Century Bce ◽

Political Objective ◽

Until the end of the fourth century BCE the impact of Greek culture in Asia Minor was limited. Lykians, Karians, and Lydians offered alternatives to Hellenism and preserved their own languages until the end of the fourth century BCE. However, by 250 BCE these Anatolian languages ceased to be used in public or private documents, and polis organization became normative. After the overthrow of the Persian Empire the autonomy of Greek cities became the highest political objective. Greek civic decrees in the early Hellenistic period emphasized that democratic legitimacy depended on quorate citizen votes, the Greek language became the only medium for official public communication, and the native populations maintained their identity and independence by adopting polis organization. Between 400 and 250 BCE these populations did not merely absorb Greek cultural influence but underwent the encompassing experience of becoming Greek.

It Is More Than Language

The Oxford Handbook of Deaf Studies in Learning and Cognition ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190054045.013.1 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 79-98

Author(s):

Dianne Toe ◽

Louise Paatsch ◽

Amy Szarkowski

Keyword(s):

Specific Area ◽

Cooperative Interaction ◽

Social And Emotional Development ◽

Children And Young People ◽

Social And Emotional ◽

The Social ◽

Pragmatic Skills ◽

Social Use ◽

The Impact ◽

Deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children who use spoken language face unique challenges when communicating with others who have typical hearing, particularly their peers. In such contexts, the social use of language has been recognized as an area of vulnerability among individuals in this population and has become a focus for research and intervention. The development of pragmatic skills intersects with many aspects of child development, including emotional intelligence and executive function, as well as social and emotional development. While all these areas are important, they are beyond the scope of this chapter, which highlights the impact of pragmatics on the specific area of cognition. Cognitive pragmatics is broadly defined as the study of the mental processes involved in the understanding of meaning in the context of a cooperative interaction. This chapter explores how DHH children and young people construe meaning in the context of conversations and expository interactions with their peers. The chapter aims to examine the role played by the cognitive processes of making inferences and comprehending implicature, within the overall display of pragmatic skills. Further, the authors use this lens in the analysis of interactions between DHH children and their peers in order to shed light on the development of pragmatic skills in children who are DHH.

Electrophysiological characterization of a diverse group of sugar transporters from Trichoderma reesei

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-93552-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sami Havukainen ◽

Jonai Pujol-Giménez ◽

Mari Valkonen ◽

Ann Westerholm-Parvinen ◽

Matthias A. Hediger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trichoderma Reesei ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Large Body ◽

Comprehensive Analysis ◽

Transport Function ◽

Sugar Transporters ◽

New Knowledge ◽

Electrophysiological Characterization ◽

AbstractTrichoderma reesei is an ascomycete fungus known for its capability to secrete high amounts of extracellular cellulose- and hemicellulose-degrading enzymes. These enzymes are utilized in the production of second-generation biofuels and T. reesei is a well-established host for their production. Although this species has gained considerable interest in the scientific literature, the sugar transportome of T. reesei remains poorly characterized. Better understanding of the proteins involved in the transport of different sugars could be utilized for engineering better enzyme production strains. In this study we aimed to shed light on this matter by characterizing multiple T. reesei transporters capable of transporting various types of sugars. We used phylogenetics to select transporters for expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes to screen for transport activities. Of the 18 tested transporters, 8 were found to be functional in oocytes. 10 transporters in total were investigated in oocytes and in yeast, and for 3 of them no transport function had been described in literature. This comprehensive analysis provides a large body of new knowledge about T. reesei sugar transporters, and further establishes X. laevis oocytes as a valuable tool for studying fungal sugar transporters.

A Person-to-Person and Person-to-Place COVID-19 Contact Tracing System Based on OGC IndoorGML

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information ◽

10.3390/ijgi10010002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 2 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Soroush Ojagh ◽

Sara Saeedi ◽

Steve H. L. Liang

Keyword(s):

Data Model ◽

Low Cost ◽

Large Body ◽

Contact Tracing ◽

Trajectory Data ◽

Sequential Order ◽

Human Contact ◽

Wide Availability ◽

Data Points ◽

With the wide availability of low-cost proximity sensors, a large body of research focuses on digital person-to-person contact tracing applications that use proximity sensors. In most contact tracing applications, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 spread through touching contaminated surfaces in enclosed places is overlooked. This study is focused on tracing human contact within indoor places using the open OGC IndoorGML standard. This paper proposes a graph-based data model that considers the semantics of indoor locations, time, and users’ contexts in a hierarchical structure. The functionality of the proposed data model is evaluated for a COVID-19 contact tracing application with scalable system architecture. Indoor trajectory preprocessing is enabled by spatial topology to detect and remove semantically invalid real-world trajectory points. Results show that 91.18% percent of semantically invalid indoor trajectory data points are filtered out. Moreover, indoor trajectory data analysis is innovatively empowered by semantic user contexts (e.g., disinfecting activities) extracted from user profiles. In an enhanced contact tracing scenario, considering the disinfecting activities and sequential order of visiting common places outperformed contact tracing results by filtering out unnecessary potential contacts by 44.98 percent. However, the average execution time of person-to-place contact tracing is increased by 58.3%.

Multimodal Transport in the Context of Sustainable Development of a City

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13042239 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 2239

Author(s):

Marzena Kramarz ◽

Edyta Przybylska

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Freight Transport ◽

Key Factors ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Individual Character ◽

Third Stage ◽

Multimodal Transport ◽

Research Questions ◽

The Individual ◽

Multimodal freight transport in cities is a complex, valid, and vitally important problem. It is more seldom underlined in scientific studies and included in cities’ strategies that devote more attention to passenger transport than freight transport. The increased utilization of multimodal transport matches current transport policy and at the same time, it is one of the most important challenges put before cities striving to achieve sustainable development. In this case, the paper embarks upon the problem of relations between multimodal transport development and the sustainable development of the cities. The objective of the paper is an analysis of the impact of the selected city of the Upper Silesian metropolis on the development of multimodal freight transport and an assessment of the impact of the development of multimodal transport on the sustainable development of the cities of the Upper Silesian metropolis. The authors developed three research questions in order to implement the adopted objective. The process of looking for the answer included four stages. Within the first and second stages, the literature studies and experts’ research allowed for identifying key factors of the multimodal transport development that a city may have an impact on. In the third stage, the research was two-fold and was based on a questionnaire and scenario analysis. Due to the individual character of each of the cities, scenarios were developed for Katowice, being the main economic center of Upper Silesian and Zagłębie Metropolis. As a result of the research, factors have been identified that must be included in a strategy of a city that strives for sustainable development. The last stage of the research focused on the initial concept of the multimodal transport development impact assessment on sustainable development of the cities. Conclusions developed at individual stages allowed for answering the research questions.

The effect of Medicare Part D on prescription drug composition and demand

Journal of Economic Studies ◽

10.1108/jes-08-2013-0109 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 170-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

David Zimmer

Keyword(s):

Prescription Drug ◽

Medicare Part D ◽

Medicare Part ◽

Part D ◽

Content Type ◽

The Us ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

The Impact ◽

Purpose – The US Medicare Modernization Act of 2003 introduced optional prescription drug coverage, beginning in 2006, widely known as Medicare Part D. This paper uses up-to-date nationally representative survey data to investigate the impact of Part D not only on drug spending and consumption, but also on the composition of drug consumption. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Specifically, the paper investigates whether Part D impacted the number of therapeutic classes for which drugs were prescribed, and also whether Part D lead to increased usage of drugs for specific medical conditions that typically receive drug-intensive therapies. Findings – In addition to confirming findings from previous studies, this paper shows that Part D increased the number of therapeutic classes to which seniors receive drugs by approximately four classes. Part D also lead to increased usage of drugs used to treat upper respiratory disease, hypertension, and diabetes. Originality/value – While mostly concurring with previous studies on the spending impacts of Part D, this paper is the first to shed light on other impacts of Part D, specifically with respect to its impact on therapeutic classes for which drugs are prescribed.

Cyber Place Management and Crime Prevention: The Effectiveness of Cybersecurity Awareness Training Against Phishing Attacks

Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice ◽

10.1177/10439862211001628 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 104398622110016

Author(s):

Sinchul Back ◽

Rob T. Guerette

Keyword(s):

Crime Prevention ◽

Research University ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Large Body ◽

The United States ◽

Place Management ◽

Online Setting ◽

Using Data ◽

Virtual Domain ◽

Criminologists and crime prevention practitioners recognize the importance of geographical places to crime activities and the role that place managers might play in effectively preventing crime. Indeed, over the past several decades, a large body of work has highlighted the tendency for crime to concentrate across an assortment of geographic areas, where place management tends to be absent or weak. Nevertheless, there has been a paucity of research evaluating place management strategies and cybercrime within the virtual domain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of place management techniques on reducing cybercrime incidents in an online setting. Using data derived from the information technology division of a large urban research university in the United States, this study evaluated the impact of an anti-phishing training program delivered to employees that sought to increase awareness and understanding of methods to better protect their “virtual places” from cybercrimes. Findings are discussed within the context of the broader crime and place literature.

Publishing Productivity in Sport Psychology 1970–2000: An Exploratory Examination of the Lotka-Price Law

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology ◽

10.1123/jsep.25.4.477 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 477-483 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Joseph Baker ◽

Jennifer Robertson-Wilson ◽

Whitney Sedgwick

Keyword(s):

Sport Psychology ◽

Scientific Productivity ◽

Eminent Scientist ◽

Research Papers ◽

Limited Support ◽

The Impact ◽

Published Research ◽

The current study examined whether the distribution of published research papers in the field of sport psychology followed the Lotka-Price Law of scientific productivity. All authors who had published articles in five sport psychology journals from 1970 to 2000 were considered. The impact of those authors was determined by the total number of published papers in all journals. Results provided limited support for the Lotka-Price Law; however, it appeared that the field of sport psychology was less elitist than other fields. Although these findings suggest that productivity in this field is similar to that in other fields of science, more research is needed to shed light on the role of the eminent scientist and the average researcher in the advancement of knowledge in sport psychology.

Benznidazole Treatment following Acute Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Triggers CD8+ T-Cell Expansion and Promotes Resistance to Reinfection

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.46.12.3790-3796.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 46 (12) ◽

pp. 3790-3796 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Bianca Perdigão Olivieri ◽

Vinícius Cotta-de-Almeida ◽

Tania Araújo-Jorge

Keyword(s):

T Lymphocytes ◽

Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽

Immune Regulation ◽

Immune Dysregulation ◽

Direct Role ◽

Parasite Replication ◽

The Impact ◽

Shed Light ◽

Cruzi Infection

ABSTRACT Many studies have shed light on the mechanisms underlying both immunoprotection and immune dysregulation arising after Trypanosoma cruzi infection. However, little is known about the impact of benznidazole (N-benzyl-2-nitroimidazole acetamide), the drug available for clinical treatment of the infection, on the immune system in the infected host. In the present study we investigated the effect of benznidazole therapy on the lymphoid compartment during the course of experimental T. cruzi infection. Although amelioration of a variety of clinical and parasitological signs was observed in treated mice, amelioration of splenocyte expansion was not detected. Interestingly, this sustained splenomegaly observed in benznidazole-treated mice showed a preferential expansion of CD8+ T lymphocytes. Moreover, although benznidazole treatment blocked the expansion of recently activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells seen in infected hosts, benznidazole treatment led to a selective expansion of effector and memory CD8+ T lymphocytes in association with a lower rate of apoptosis. In addition, the surviving treated animals were protected from reinfection. Together, these data suggest that, in addition to its well-known direct role in blocking parasite replication in vivo, benznidazole appears to directly affect immune regulation in T. cruzi-infected hosts.

Changes in Ecosystems of Bodies of Water Resulting from of the Aaggregates Extraction

Ecology and Industry of Russia ◽

10.18412/1816-0395-2021-9-44-49 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 44-49

Author(s):

S.S. Uskova

Keyword(s):

Food Supply ◽

Small Body ◽

Large Body ◽

Small Rivers ◽

Complete Destruction ◽

Research Findings ◽

Downstream Flow ◽

Bodies Of Water ◽

The Impact ◽

Lower Capacity

The evaluation issues on the aggregate’s extraction on the ecosystem of bodies of water has been considered. The dredgers' impact of various capacities on bodies of water of different capacities have been compared, as well as on food supply change of bodies of water for benthos eater. The research findings have showed the dragger's impact of a higher capacity is bigger on a large body of water than this of a lower capacity on a small body of water. The impact manifests itself in decreasing the number and biomass of macrozoobenthos in the area used for the oil and lubricants extraction and the downstream flow. It has been found that the complete destruction of macrozoobenthos at the site of hydraulic engineering activities has not been detected either in small rivers or in large reservoirs.