LII The Genesis of John Oldham's Satyrs Upon the Jesuits

PMLA ◽  
1943 ◽  
Vol 58 (4_1) ◽  
pp. 958-970
Author(s):  
Weldon M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Ben Jonson ◽  
Complete Separation ◽  
English School ◽  
Political Satire ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Early Restoration ◽  
Literary Quality

Cursory critics of John Oldham have quite correctly noted that his Satyrs Upon the Jesuits are distinguished from the rougher popular satire of the early Restoration by their more pretentious literary quality, the generalized nature of the satire, and the greater concentration and force of the invective. But beyond noting Oldham's acknowledged indebtedness to Persius, Horace, Ben Jonson, and Buchanan's Franciscanus, such critics have been generally somewhat vague on the subject of his literary patterns. Currently accepted views seem to be divided between two theories, stressing the classical or the neo-classical elements in his work: (1) According to one view, advanced by Mr. C.W. Previté-Orton, the lurid, violent tone of the poems is derived directly from Juvenal. (2) According to the analysis of Mr. A. F. B. Clark, the direct inspiration of the Satyrs was Boileau's Le Lutrin, which Oldham was engaged in translating at the time he began their composition. It is obvious from a survey of critical comments on Oldham that no English influence has been given much consideration, and that Oldham's almost complete separation from the popular English school of political satire has been generally taken for granted.

English Metre Once More

PMLA ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-326
Author(s):  
Evelyn H. Scholl
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
English School ◽  
English Verse ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Subject

Although hundreds of books and articles have been written on the subject, there is still no agreement upon the question: What is the basis of English metre? There have been three schools of metrics: that of a strict count of syllables; that of accent; and that of equal times. The latest work which I have found to consider a strict count of syllables the sole basis of English metre was published in Heidelberg in 1902. But both of the other schools have their representatives today. It is my purpose to raise the question once more, and to throw light upon it from a hitherto unexplored source of unusual value, The English School of Lutenist Song Writers. I hope to show that the theory of equal times marked by stress best explains the varying phenomena of modern English verse, and especially the inclusion in metrical verse of such extremely irregular poems as “The Listeners” by De la Mare. And I hope also to clarify several metrical terms: the so-called “trochaic substitution” in iambic metre, the “caesura,” and the “run-on line.”

THE BURIAL CLUBS: OR HOW TO TURN SICK CHILDREN TO ACCOUNT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 939-939
Author(s):  
T. E. C.
Keyword(s):  
Political Satire ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
Medical Gazette ◽  
Dublin Medical ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sick Children ◽  
Child's Death

The pernicious practice of killing infants to collect the insurance on their lives is vividly described in an editorial in The Dublin Medical Press of December 4, 1844.1 The editorials published in this Journal were especially noted for their fervor to correct evil medical practices and also for their biting political satire, usually directed against England. The juxtaposition of the former and latter will be apparent in the editorial excerpts below: In the last [London] Medical Gazette, we have again attention drawn to the horrible, the atrocious practice of destroying children for the purpose of obtaining money insured on their lives, or rather on their deaths. Our readers will scarcely believe us when we say it, but it seems there can be now no more doubt on the subject than there is that people were strangled by BURKE and HARE for the sake of their bodies to be sold for dissection. The plan is, to subscribe in the child's name to what is called a "burial club," a kind of "little go" insurance office, where for a penny a week a sum varying from £2 to £10is allowed on the child's death, and the same child may be entered into many clubs; so that the insurer or parent may receive as much as £5, £10, or £15 on the death of the insured infant, while the expense of interment is only about £3.A sum, as the writer says, "larger than the insurer in most cases ever previously possessd . . .

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 239-258
Author(s):  
Meredith McNeill Hale
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
First Century ◽  
Political Satire ◽  
South Sea ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Battle Scenes ◽  
Intensive Investigation

This concluding chapter focuses on the question of circulation and impact: to what extent did De Hooghe’s satires travel beyond The Netherlands in the seventeenth century and what influence did they have on English political satire of the eighteenth century? The appearance of motifs from De Hooghe’s satires in mezzotints of c.1690 and prints on the subject of the South Sea Bubble of 1720 will be discussed as will instances in which De Hooghe’s satires were reissued in the eighteenth century. However, a comparison of this handful of examples with the liberal use of De Hooghe’s triumphal allegories and battle scenes in such distant locations as Latin America and Russia reveals one of the qualities that epitomizes political satire—its dramatic circumscription by temporal and geographical boundaries. Satire’s embeddedness in a specific political, historical, and cultural moment and its dependence upon text that often channels the idiosyncrasies of spoken language, render it difficult—often impossible without intensive investigation—to understand beyond its immediate context. This is as true for twenty-first-century satires as it was for those produced in the late seventeenth century.

Medieval American Literature: Antebellum Narratives and the “Map of the Infinite”

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Giles
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
William Shakespeare ◽  
American Literature ◽  
Nathaniel Hawthorne ◽  
American Culture ◽  
Ben Jonson ◽  
American Renaissance ◽  
Native Soil ◽  
The Subject

This chapter examines how the notion of medieval American literature not only makes a paradoxical kind of sense but might be seen as integral to the construction of the subject more generally. It argues that antebellum narratives situate native soil on a highly charged and fraught boundary between past and present, circumference and displacement. In itself, the idea of medieval American literature is hardly more peculiar than F. O. Matthiessen's conception of an “American Renaissance.” Matthiessen sought to justify his subject by aligning nineteenth-century American writers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Nathaniel Hawthorne with seventeenth-century English forerunners such as William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson. The chapter considers resonances of medievalism within nineteenth-century American culture and how many antebellum writers consciously foreground within their texts the shifting, permeable boundaries of time and space, suggesting how fiction and cartography, the writing of history and the writing of geography, are commensurate with each other.

‘Sprinkled Among your Ears’: Ben Jonson, John Marston and the Cultivation of the Listening Connoisseur

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison K. Deutermann
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Ben Jonson ◽  
John Marston ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
City Life ◽  
City Comedy ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Revenge Plays

This chapter argues that Ben Jonson, John Marston, and others positioned city comedy as a sophisticated sonic alternative to the booming (in every sense) revenge plays of the 1580s and 90s. To hear and appreciate city comedy was said to require a more selective ear, being able to tune out unwanted noises while making sense of the sounds that matter. Listening well becomes in these plays one of the social skills that must be mastered in order to participate fully in city life -- in short, it becomes the stuff, or the subject matter, of city comedy. Ultimately, city comedies train men and women to hear in the very ways they suggest only the privileged few could, introducing playgoers to new auditory practices that could fundamentally transform their experience of London’s soundscapes.

Archaism and Innovation In Spenser's Poetic Diction

PMLA ◽  
1932 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. McElderry
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Ben Jonson ◽  
English Renaissance ◽  
Cultural Activity ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
French And English ◽  
Poetic Diction ◽  
The Subject

The traditional comment of Ben Jonson that “in affecting the ancients Spenser writ no language,” amplified by objections of nineteenth century philologists against Spenser's supposed inaccuracy in reviving old words and his lawlessness in coining new ones, has been much qualified by recent critical analysis. Professor Renwick has emphasized the relation of Spenser's diction to the general Renaissance problem of developing and enriching the modern tongues as mediums for serious literature. In somewhat greater detail Miss Pope has traced the course of Italian, French, and English Renaissance criticism on the subject of literary diction and its relation to Spenser's practice. From these studies Spenser's experiments in language are seen to have a dignity of purpose quite different from the freakishness implied in Jonson's petulant remark and all too often assumed by previous critics. Though Spenser was the first great English poet of the sixteenth century, general cultural activity had been vigorous. Printing had made possible the vogue of translations, both scriptural and purely literary, and English as a literary language assumed a growing importance.

scholarly journals SEMIOTICA DEGLI AFFETTI E MANIFESTAZIONI FISICHE NEI TESTI MEDICO-FILOSOFICI DI HALLE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica La Manna
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Scientific Rigour ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Literary Quality

In the mid-eighteenth century in Halle the so-called doctors-philosophers tried to develop a scientifically-based map of emotions, which included their causes and their manifestations on the body. Thanks to their scientific rigour, to the literary quality of those studies and to the growing circulation of the journals of the time – above all Unzer’s famous Der Arzt – the subject was so popular that it became central in the debate on physiognomy and pathognomics which was so vivid in the second half of the century. These theories had a powerful import on literature, contributing to the birth of the new ‘character’ in novels as different from the traditional and stereotypical sense of the term as ‘temper’ or ‘nature’. In the field of aesthetics, the effect of these studies had important repercussions on Winckelmann’s revolutionary theories related to the representation and interpretation of emotions in art.

scholarly journals Assessment Policy and Practice in Secondary Schools in the English National Curriculum

2019 ◽  
pp. 217-232
Author(s):  
Martin Fautley
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
National Curriculum ◽  
Good Thing ◽  
English School ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Whole School ◽  
Assessment Policy ◽  
School Music ◽  
The Subject

This chapter describes the ways in which assessment policy in classroom music education in England has been both legislated for and operationalized in practice. It describes how changes to whole-school assessment legislation have found their outworking in schools and classrooms, which have become contested and problematic sites. It describes how assessment in classroom music has had to shift its focus from attainment onto progression in order to comply with policy. The chapter also points out the effects of a performativity culture in English school music classes, where the production of data has become a goal in its own right, superseding, in some cases, an attention to learning and musicianship. It concludes that refocusing on musical aspects of teaching and learning would be a good thing for the development of both the subject and the participating learners.

The Institutions of International Society

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonny Brems Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
International Society ◽  
English School ◽  
The Subject ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Interdisciplinary Scholarship ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Primary Institutions ◽  
Hedley Bull

The “fundamental” or “primary” institutions of international society, among them sovereignty, diplomacy, international law, great power management, the balance of power, trade, and environmental stewardship, have been eagerly discussed and researched in the discipline of international relations (IR), at the theoretical, meta-theoretical, and empirical levels. Generations of scholars associated with not only the English School, but also liberalism and constructivism, have engaged with the “institutions of international society,” as they were originally called by Martin Wight and Hedley Bull in their attempt to develop a historically and sociologically informed theory of international relations. The fact that intense historical, theoretical, and empirical investigations have uncovered new institutional layers, dynamics, and complexities, and thus opened new challenging questions rather than settling the matter is part of its attraction. In the 1960s and 1970s, the early exponents of the English School theorized fundamental institutions as historical pillars of contemporary international society and its element of order. At the turn of the 21st century, this work was picked up by Kal Holsti and Barry Buzan, who initiated a renaissance of English School institutionalism, which specified the institutional levels of international society and discussed possibilities for institutional change. Meanwhile, liberal and constructivist scholars made important contributions on fundamental institutions in key engagements with English School theory on the subject in the late 1980s. These contributions and engagements have informed the most recent wave of (interdisciplinary) scholarship on the subject, which has theorized the room for fundamental institutional change and the role of international organizations in relation to the fundamental institutions of international society.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Religion and State in Hegel's Thought

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 96-112
Author(s):  
Oran Moked
Keyword(s):  
Church And State ◽  
Philosophy Of Religion ◽  
Complete Separation ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Religion And State ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

To say that Hegel's position on the relationship between religion and state is not easy to categorise would be a vast understatement. Eluding comfortable labels, his ideas on the subject diverge from historically prevalent conceptions, which together are often thought to be exhaustive. On the one hand, Hegel's position contrasts sharply with theocratic doctrines that propose a simple identity of political and religious institutions, or subjugate the former to the latter. Almost equally distant from Hegel's position, however, are liberal and Enlightenment views that urge the complete separation of religion from secular authority and mundane politics.This tension is characteristic of many of Hegel's writings on the subject, from the earliest to die most mature. On numerous occasions, Hegel voices his vehement opposition to the notion of a radical split between religion and the ‘ethical’ (sittlich) institutions of political power. In an early fragment from 1798 he writes, ‘if the principle of the state is a complete totality, then church and state cannot possibly be unrelated’, and similar sentiments are voiced in many other writings, including Hegel's very last lectures on the Philosophy of Religion from 1831. Yet, at other junctures he contends, rather, that only ‘in despotism church and state are one’. Of all Hegel's extended discussions of the subject, one — in the Remark and Addition to §270 of thePhilosophy of Right— lays emphasis on the cleft between church and state; others — in §552 of theEncyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences(Third Edition), the aforementioned 1831Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, and the final sections of thePhilosophy of History— seem, on the contrary, to stress the essential and eventual unity of religious and political life. To reconcile such seemingly contradictory views within a coherent position (even adialecticallycoherent one) and salvage Hegel's position from the muddle of apparent contradictions and oblique formulations is therefore a challenge.

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