scholarly journals “Ritual” in Recent Criticism: The Elusive Sense of Community

PMLA ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 846-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Hardin
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Recent Criticism ◽  
Medieval Drama ◽  
Ritual Theory ◽  
Victor Turner ◽  
Current Anthropology ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Emotional Effects

Since the 1960s scholars have challenged earlier assumptions concerning ritual and literature. They have seriously discredited both the “ritual theory of myth” and traditional ideas on the relation of ritual to Greek and medieval drama. Although some critics still subscribe to theories of psychoanalysis and the “Cambridge anthropological school,” current anthropology offers superior theories of ritual, particularly those of Victor Turner, with their emphasis on community. Because literature and rites have similar emotional effects we have tended to equate them, but by so doing we confuse the liminal with the “liminoid.” Modern authors influenced by Frazer often invite this comparison. Rene Girard's theories of scapegoat and civilization have provided a new, if controversial, turn to ritual criticism. Rites share their symbolic nature with art, but their peculiar satisfaction lies in the experience of community.

scholarly journals The making of a community: The making of a photo collection in a rural community in Italy

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 915
Author(s):  
Michele F. Fontefrancesco
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Internet Archive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Photo Collection ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Public Collection

Photos are by their very nature evocative objects (Turkle 2007). This paper investigates the ability of a photo's capacity to trigger narratives about the self and the past. It argues that the collection of historic, private photos and the creation of a public photographic archive build a sense of community. The paper is the result of an ethnographic work conducted in Lu (AL) between 2010 and 2012. In this village, the local museum curetted a public collection of private and public photos dating from the late decades of the 19th century to the 1960s, in order to create a freely accessible internet archive. In a few months, in a village of about 1000 people, over 1000 photos were donated. On the basis of the collected photos, the museum organized periodical exhibitions that attracted many hundreds of visitors. The research investigates the entire process of photo collection, collective organization of a new photographic archive, its use for the organization of photo exhibitions, and the participation in these initiatives by local and foreign visitors. Focusing on exhibitions as an arena of social interaction in particular, the paper investigates how the evocativeness of a community's past can create a sense of belonging in the community, and that the very sense of community is negotiated and re-shaped.

The Code of Silence across the Hong Kong Eurasian Community(ies)

Meeting Place ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicky Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Code Of Silence ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The City

This chapter examines the dynamics of Hong Kong’s Eurasian community (from the 1860s to the 1960s) in terms of the community’s perception of its own members, the attitudes of its members towards their own European and Chinese heritage, and the mutual perceptions and interactions with other ethnic groups in the city during the period in question. Despite the fact that many Eurasians have served in various roles in Hong Kong, in both the public and private sectors, from doctors and lawyers to nurses, teachers, clerks and stenographers, particularly since the late 1800s, not much is known about this community. Unlike other ethnic groups such as the Parsee and the Portuguese communities, who shared a common religion common cultural practices identity, the sense of community among Eurasians was nebulous and sporadic. Ironically, one common practice shared by members of this community was a conscious attempt to de-emphasize their membership of this ethnic group and a reluctance to acknowledge their Eurasian heritage both on an individual and collective level.

Skinner, Wittgenstein and Historical Method

Paragraph ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-387
Author(s):  
Jonathan Havercroft
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Ludwig Wittgenstein ◽  
Recent Criticism ◽  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Logical Content ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Linguistic Philosophy

In a recent criticism of Quentin Skinner's historical method Peter Steinberger has drawn upon linguistic analytic philosophy to argue that intellectual history should focus on the reconstruction of logical propositions rather than the contextualization of author's statements. This essay will argue that Steinberger reproduces many of the same types of methodological problems that prompted Skinner's initial critique of intellectual history in the 1960s. I will draw upon the linguistic philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein to demonstrate that Steinberger's conception of intellectual history as the reconstruction of the logical content of statements fundamentally misunderstands what political philosophy is – and by extension the methods of historical interpretation.

(De)territorializing the home. The nuclear bomb shelter as a malleable site of passage

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 674-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Berger Ziauddin
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Rites Of Passage ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Empty Space ◽  
The State ◽  
Private Sphere ◽  
Nuclear Bomb ◽  
Ritual Theory ◽  
The 1960S

This paper explores the worldwide unprecedented bunker infrastructure of Switzerland. Since the 1960s, the country has built hundreds of thousands of nuclear bomb shelters in family homes. Drawing on poststructural theories of social practice and ritual theory, the all-pervasive structures in the private sphere are analyzed as transitory spaces that coordinate the movement and connections between different milieus, regimes, and bodies. By studying the operational scripts of the authorities and the spatial arrangements and artifacts of the shelter, the paper argues that a sequenced set of “rites of passage” were to be practiced in order to guarantee a transition into the postapocalypse without any violations of norms, social roles, and affective regimes. However, this “territorializing” process launched by the state with the aim of engineering a “bomb-proof” society met with little success. By ignoring, distorting, or violating the constant prewar situation in their homes, Swiss people, as early as in the 1970s, started to undermine the shelter as an instance of concrete governmentality. Being traversed by various processes of “deterritorialization” the bunker lost its function as a locus of secured passage and transformed into a highly dynamic “empty space” that hides, till this day, residua for creativity and difference.

Supporting Online Communities with Technological Infrastructures

2011 ◽  
pp. 937-944
Author(s):  
Laura Anna Ripamonti
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Online Communities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bulletin Board ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Cultural Movements ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Ways Of Life ◽  
Board System ◽  
The Web

A lot of experiences with online communities (AOL, CompuServe, The WELL, Listserv and so forth) pre-date the Web, and some researchers have suggested that “the origins of online communities were very close to the counter-cultural movements and alternative ways of life emerging in the aftermath of the 1960s” (Castells, 2001, p. 53). The FreeNets movement, which emerged mainly in the United States (U.S.) and Canada in the second half of the 1980s, was basically aimed at providing citizens with free access to the Internet and providing content free from any form of control. In that framework, both Community and Civic Networks emerged, which are very nearly the same but for emphasis on the empowerment of the proximate community (Carroll & Rosson, 2003), on the “sense of community” and on the promotion of “citizens’ participation in community affairs” (Schuler, 2001). FreeNets, Community and Civic Networks also shared features such as bottom-up development and, especially at their beginning, the use of Bulletin Board System (BBS) technologies (De Cindio & Ripamonti, 2004).

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

Improving x-ray map resolution with image restoration techniques

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 598-599
Author(s):  
Richard B. Mott ◽  
John J. Friel ◽  
Charles G. Waldman
Keyword(s):  
Image Restoration ◽  
Hubble Space Telescope ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Small Object ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mapping Parameters ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Map Resolution

X-rays are emitted from a relatively large volume in bulk samples, limiting the smallest features which are visible in X-ray maps. Beam spreading also hampers attempts to make geometric measurements of features based on their boundaries in X-ray maps. This has prompted recent interest in using low voltages, and consequently mapping L or M lines, in order to minimize the blurring of the maps.An alternative strategy draws on the extensive work in image restoration (deblurring) developed in space science and astronomy since the 1960s. A recent example is the restoration of images from the Hubble Space Telescope prior to its new optics. Extensive literature exists on the theory of image restoration. The simplest case and its correspondence with X-ray mapping parameters is shown in Figures 1 and 2.Using pixels much smaller than the X-ray volume, a small object of differing composition from the matrix generates a broad, low response. This shape corresponds to the point spread function (PSF). The observed X-ray map can be modeled as an “ideal” map, with an X-ray volume of zero, convolved with the PSF. Figure 2a shows the 1-dimensional case of a line profile across a thin layer. Figure 2b shows an idealized noise-free profile which is then convolved with the PSF to give the blurred profile of Figure 2c.

What Does the Implicit Association Test Measure? A Test of the Convergent and Discriminant Validity of Prejudice-Related IATs

2002 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertram Gawronski
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Recent Criticism ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
East Asians ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Explicit Prejudice ◽  
Turkish People

Abstract. Drawing on recent criticism of the Implicit Association Test (IAT), the present study tested the convergent and discriminant validity of two prejudice-related IATs to corresponding explicit prejudice measures in a German student sample (N = 61). Confirming convergent validity, (a) an IAT designed to assess negative associations related to Turkish people was significantly related to the explicit endorsement of prejudiced beliefs about Turkish people, and (b) an IAT designed to assess negative associations related to East Asians was significantly related to explicit prejudice against East Asians. Moreover, confirming discriminant validity, (c) the Asian IAT was unrelated to the explicit endorsement of prejudiced beliefs about Turkish people, and (d) the Turkish IAT was unrelated to explicit prejudice against Asian people. These results further corroborate the assumption that the IAT is a valid method to assess the strength of evaluative associations in the domain of prejudice and stereotypes.

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