scholarly journals The Mask of the Underworld Daemon—Some Remarks on the Perseus-Gorgon Story

1955 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Croon
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
History Of Religions ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Greek World ◽  
Made In

At the VIIth Congress for the History of Religions, held at Amsterdam in 1950, the central question was posed whether a mythical-ritual pattern could be discerned in various ancient and modern civilisations. Reading the Congress Report, one does not get the impression that many final and far-reaching conclusions have been reached. Various conflicting views were brought forward in the section-meetings. But meanwhile the discussion goes on. And it may be not without interest to inquire into some individual cases where a ritual background behind some famous myth can be reconstructed, if not beyond all doubt, at least with a high degree of probability. In the following pages such an attempt is made in the case of the Seriphian Perseus-legend.The present writer believes that there is a clue to the understanding of this story, which has been overlooked hitherto, namely its connexion with hot springs. A certain number of cults, myths, and legends were connected with such springs in the ancient Greek world; that they all show in origin a chthonic aspect is self-evident. But to dwell upon all of them would fall beyond the scope of this article. Let us for the present moment turn our attention to the thermal springs of that tiny piece of rock in the Aegean round which a major part of the Perseus-story centres.

Greek Record-Keeping and Record-Breaking

1949 ◽  
Vol 43 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus N. Tod
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
History Of ◽  
Greek World

The celebration of the revived Olympic games in London in the summer of 1948 gave to ‘records’ an unusually prominent place in men's thoughts and in their speech and writing, and we instinctively turn back to the ancient Greek world, which witnessed the foundation of the Olympic festival and its long history of wellnigh twelve centuries, to seek traces of any similar phenomenon.

scholarly journals Inventory of the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery (1615): An Experience of Using Spectrosonal Visualization to Reconstruct the History of the Text

2021 ◽  
pp. 651-664
Author(s):  
Evgeny A. Lyakhovitskii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Region ◽  
Wavelength Region ◽  
Main Text ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Near Ir ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
First Time ◽  
Made In

The article describes the results of a codicological study of the Inventory of the Kirillo-Belozersky (St. Cyrill of Beloozero) Monastery (1615). The main codicological problem for the researchers posed by this monument is its numerous and asynchronical edits. It is possible to identify edit layers by studying the ink by means of spectrosonal imaging in near-IR wavelength region of the spectrum. This method is based on the property of inks (except those with a carbon base) to acquire transparency beyond the visible region of the spectrum (after 700 nm). As additional information, visually observed (in natural indirect daylight) color differences between inks have been used, as well as color estimation using a digital portable microscope Dinolite with Dinoscope software. As a result of the study, the main stages of work on the Inventory have been established. A significant part of the marginalia are in the same ink and handwriting as the main text: brown, with moderate transparency in near-IR wavelength region. Thus, the text was probably supplemented in the course of creation. This edit was accompanied by the text on the insert sheets made in ink that is slightly translucent in the IR region of the spectrum and has a dark brown color. The same ink was used in the main text of the manuscript. When the main text was rewritten in 1616-1617, it was compiled in a codex and significantly revised for the first time. The marker of this revision stage is light brown and yellowish-brown ink with high degree of transparency in IR wavelength region of the spectrum. In addition to the editing, the notebooks are numbered in the same light brown ink. The edit of this layer mainly included clarifications to the items description. The next significant revision of the inventory text, marked with brown ink that has low transparent in the IR wavelength region of the spectrum, refers to the period after July 22, 1621. Most of these edits, as well as the earlier ones, were devoted to clarifying descriptions, to clarifying location of objects, and to describing the monastery’s acquisitions and losses. Apparently, the later stage of editing is associated with the use of gray-brown ink, similar in spectral behavior to the ink of the main text. The record of the contribution of Prince Khvorostinin made in 1622–23 was written in this ink.

Discoveries About Greek Water Management

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora P. Crouch
Keyword(s):  
Water Systems ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Human Situation ◽  
Karst Waters ◽  
History Of ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
Greek World ◽  
Looking Back

Looking back through twenty years of work on this topic, I can sum up what I have learned under two major categories: general truths and site-specific insights. Within each of these categories, I differentiate between items that were not known by me when I started and items that as far as I can tell were not known at all. First let us consider the findings that have general application. Primary are findings connected with the geological basis of Greek settlement. The ones in italics have not been known before at all, as far as I can tell. For each discovery, there is a brief discussion. 1. Relation of karst patterns to settlement in the ancient Greek world. In Part IV of this volume we have discussed this topic in a preliminary fashion. As is the case with so many details of the human situation, the relevant knowledge is in the hands of two disciplines that rarely perceive that they have any questions in common. Karst has been studied by hydrogeologists and ancient Greek settlements by classicists, with an impenetrable membrane separating the two fields of knowledge. Nevertheless, my study has conclusively demonstrated that one cannot understand either the choice of an ancient Greek site or the subsequent history of the settlement without factoring in the geological base and the water resources this base provided (Fig. 7.1). It is a pity that the lead of the noted classicist Judeich (1905 and 1931) was not followed sooner, since he illustrated his section on water supply with a geological map and section. 2. Utilization of karst in urban water systems. The work of modern engineers and geologists in such countries as Yugoslavia makes us aware that karst waters can be tapped or, to put it more strongly, harnessed for settlements. Many of their modern solutions are not dependent on advanced technology but rather on careful observation and clever manipulation. The ancient Greeks were fully capable of both. The famous pinecone experiment on the Tripoli plain of the sixth century B.C. is strong indication that the ancient engineers were examining data with an eye to manipulating karst for human purposes, and in fact we have a story, from the same area, of water being diverted down a sinkhole to drown out an unsuspecting enemy settlement.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Evan F. Kuehn
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
World Religions ◽  
Late Work ◽  
History Of Religions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Made In

Although Troeltsch is often read as merely a voice of criticism in theology, this book argues that he makes an important constructive contribution to theology, namely, an eschatological conception of the Absolute. Two points of clarification are made in order to curtail skepticism in areas where misconceptions about Troeltsch’s theological project may arise. First, the book distinguishes Troeltsch’s critique of absoluteness in the history of religions from his idea of the Absolute itself, which is the proper focus of the current study. Second, the coherence of Troeltsch’s theological project, even into his late work on the philosophy of history and his posthumous lectures on world religions, is explained.

scholarly journals Women's Commensality in the Ancient Greek World

1998 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Burton
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Recent Discussion ◽  
Female Side ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Greek World ◽  
Broad Generalization ◽  
Over Time

Dining and drinking rituals in the ancient world have been the subject of much recent discussion, and the significance of these rituals, particularly for males, has been extensively studied. Scholars have often slighted the topic of women's part in the history of ancient Greek dining and drinking parties, however, and the broad generalization ‘Citizen women were never present at Greek symposia’ is not uncommon. Admittedly, women other than hetairai, slaves, hired entertainers, etc., are not conspicuous in the evidence from which we must draw our history of ancient Greek symposia. The evidence, however, both written and visual, was created and preserved predominantly by males. Also, the view that there was a fairly narrow participation of women often seems based largely on evidence taken from fifth and fourth century B.C. Athens. Yet the roles of women at Greek dining and drinking partieschanged over time and place. This paper provides a survey, with examples, of the variety of women's dining occasions from the Homeric through to the Hellenistic age. The aim of this survey is to emphasize the value of paying closer attention to the female side of wining and dining in our discussions of occasions of commensality in the ancient Greek world.

Did ‘Respectable’ Women Attend Symposia?

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
SEAN CORNER
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Male Bias ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Female Presence ◽  
Greek World ◽  
Broad Generalization ◽  
Over Time

In her article, ‘Women's Commensality in the Ancient Greek World', which appeared in this journal in 1998, Joan Burton set out to correct scholars’ neglect of ‘the topic of women's part in the history of ancient Greek dining and drinking parties’. She argued that the proposition that citizen women never participated in symposia is a broad generalization. Based on classical Athenian evidence, it misses variation over time and in different places. Even in the case of classical Athens it is overstated, overlooking the male bias of our sources. Moreover, scholars' concentration on the symposium has led to the neglect of other occasions of commensality and so of the important role played by women in Greek commensality more broadly:the participation of women in the history of Greek commensality does not depend solely on female presence at male-defined symposia. Just as men had a wide range of venues in which they might socialize with one another, including public banquets (many of them religious), so too women.

scholarly journals Anti-Judaism in Marcion and his Opponents

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph B. Tyson
Keyword(s):  
Acts Of The Apostles ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Early Church ◽  
High Status ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Hebrew Scriptures ◽  
Ancient Israel ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anti Jewish ◽  
High Degree

Although Marcion is usually thought of as the arch-antisemite of the early church, this paper argues that his opponents were no less anti-Jewish than he. The proto-orthodox victory over Marcionite Christianity meant that the Hebrew Scriptures would continue to be a major part of the Christian canon and that Christians and might be encouraged to view the story of Jesus and their own faith as part of the history of ancient Israel. Marcion, by contrast, did not regard the Hebrew Scriptures as part of the Christian canon but nevertheless judged them to be accurate historical records that should be interpreted literally. In their rejection of Marcion, the proto-orthodox leaders also rejected a literal interpretation of the Hebrew Scriptures and sought to find an underlying unity between them and the Christian story. Despite the high status attributed to these Scriptures, Marcion’s opponents employed a variety of non-literal methods of interpretation, which generally carried with them a high degree of anti-Judaism. These tendencies may be observed both in the Acts of the Apostles, which is to be dated about 120 C.E., and Justin’s Dialogue with Trypho (c. 160 C.E.).

scholarly journals Mircea Eliade y la Historia de las Religiones. Lecturas y aportes para una difusión historiográfica / Mircea Eliade and the History of Religions. Readings and Contributions for a Historiographical Dissemination

2017 ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Patricio Iván Pantaleo
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
Mircea Eliade ◽  
History Of Religions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Deep Significance ◽  
Cultural Connotations ◽  
Made In

This paper has as main purpose to review and discuss the principal contributions made in the field of the history of religions during the 20th century with the emphasis in one of its foremost and more discussed representatives, the Romanian intellectual Mircea Eliade. We shall defend that this field, somewhat marginalized today, offers a general and comparative perspective of the religious phenomenon that enables to highlight its cultural connotations and deep significance, beyond a political and memory viewpoint. This contributes in this way to provide more complexity to current analysis of religion.Key WordsHistory of religions, Mircea Eliade, comparative method.ResumenEste artículo tiene como propósito principal el revalorizar y poner en discusión las aportaciones realizadas en el siglo veinte en el campo de la historia de las religiones, con el acento puesto en uno de sus principales y más discutidos representantes, el intelectual rumano Mircea Eliade. En el texto defendemos que dicho terreno, un tanto marginado hoy, ofrece una óptica generalista y comparativa del fenómeno religioso, lo que que permite el estudio de este en sus connotaciones culturales y en su significado profundo, más allá del punto de vista político y memorial. Se contribuye de ese modo a arrojar complejidad a los análisis actuales sobre la religión.Palabras claveHistoria de las religiones, Mircea Eliade, método comparado.

Repoliticizing the Ancient Greek City, Thirty Years Later

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (03) ◽  
pp. 471-501
Author(s):  
Vincent Azoulay
Keyword(s):  
General Consideration ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Greek City ◽  
Political Experience ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Greek World ◽  
The Way

Abstracts Thirty years after Nicole Loraux published her 1986 article in L’Homme, this study revisits the question of political experience in the ancient Greek world. Its aim is to demonstrate the importance of the two definitions of the term “politics” as conceived by the Ancient Greeks. On the one hand, the political was conceived as an ensemble of activities with no specific institutional substance or form, a sphere of action that has no direct equivalent in the modern state, but rather relates to very varied experiences and practices undertaken in the context of conflict. On the other hand, politics was understood not only as organized access to different institutions, but also as the way in which a community structured and defined itself. Taking the Athenian crisis of 404-403 BCE as a case study, in particular the speech of Cleocritus preserved in Xenophon’s Hellenica, this paper proposes a new way of thinking about this dual expression of collective life. Far from the reconciliatory reading of Cleocritus’ speech proposed by Loraux, his appeal for harmony bears witness, in the turmoil and tension of events, to the way that politics (in the institutional sense) was sidelined to the exclusive benefit of the political and the collective practices associated with it. In conclusion, this case study opens up a more general consideration of the meaning of the “event” and its epistemological significance. By considering the crisis of 404-403 BCE at the heart of the “regimes of historicity” that characterized the history of Athens between the fifth and fourth centuries BCE, this article aims to provide a clearer articulation of the foundational moments and established functioning of Greek democracy.

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