A Ceramic Compositional Perspective on the Formative to Classic Transition in Southern Mesoamerica

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Neff ◽  
Frederick J. Bove ◽  
Eugenia J. Robinson ◽  
Barbara Arroyo L.
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Activation Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Classic Period ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ceramic Production ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Pacific Slope

We use neutron-activation analysis data on Formative- and Classic-period pottery along with analyses of modern ceramics and raw materials to examine changes in ceramic production and consumption on the central Guatemalan Pacific slope at the beginning of the Classic period. In particular, we wonder if the processes that generated regional distributions of two Formative-period wares (White Paste and Fine Red) were the same as or different from the processes that generated regional distribution of Classic-period Flesh ware. We identify probable production zones for the three regionally distributed wares based on raw-material analyses, consideration of the geological context of different zones, and distributional evidence. We find major differences between production/consumption of the Formative and Classic regionally distributed wares. This reinforces the notion that some kind of dramatic historical discontinuity affected the lives of Pacific-slope people around A. D. 200.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS CONTROL SUPPLIES RAW MATERIALS TO EFFICIENCY COST, USING THE METHOD OF ECONOMIC QUANTITY ORDER AT CV. PQR

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Wartoyo Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Economic Order Quantity ◽  
Economic Order ◽  
Order Quantity ◽  
Safety Stock ◽  
Reorder Point ◽  
Efficiency Cost

The purpose of the implementation of this research is to find the effectiveness of supplies raw materials, the method of analysis data used in the square is the smallest trend for planning raw materials and controling supplies use method of economic order quantity (EOQ) analyze reorder point. Analysis reorder point and safety stock. And analyzes efficiency cost of raw materials. Forecasting raw materials years 20x7 according to the smallest trend, cloth and dakron happened the difference is greater than of the target needed (according to a company); controling supplies raw materials with the methods eoq in 20x7 more effective than reservations raw materials cloth and dakron and more efficient than cost raw materials. The company should review the policy of forecasting raw material supplies that had been undertaken and make planning supplies the raw material that more accurate using the firm’s historical data and not only targeting the output production next year, so that machines production can be optimized. Considering the use of control supplies with the methods economic order quantity to companies, so this analysis can determine material reservations, supplies safety, maximum supplies to avoid the risk of running out of raw materials, because the companies often happened less dressed up a result of reservations that time is inaccurate, the lack of safety stock and the deferred the delivery of goods which often disturb the production process, by this method can prevent these things, so that the production process can run smoothly and minimize the cost of raw materials supplies.

scholarly journals CALCULATION OF PRODUCTION COST IN UD. USAHA BARU WITH FULL COSTING METHOD

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-42
Author(s):  
Suprianto Suprianto ◽  
Bina Andari ◽  
Yely Sulistyawati
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Material Costs ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to evaluate the calculation of cost of production. The accuracy of the calculation of cost of production is influenced by the suitability in the accumulation and calculation of production costs which includes the cost of raw materials, direct labor costs and other costs (factory overhead costs). This research was conducted at UKM UD. Usaha Baru which aims to determine the calculation of cost of production at UD. Usaha Baru and to find out whether the calculation of cost of production is in accordance with the full costing method. The technique (method) of data analysis used in this study is quantitative analysis. Data collection techniques use interview techniques directly to obtain information from the number of units of monthly production, raw material costs, direct labor costs, and factory overhead costs, as well as other information relating to the calculation of cost of production. Based on the evaluation results for the calculation of raw material costs and labor costs are in accordance with the full costing method. However, the calculation of factory overhead costs is not in accordance with the full costing method because there are costs that have not been included in the calculation of production costs.

SMALL-SCALE HOUSEHOLD CERAMIC PRODUCTION: NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF PLAIN AND DECORATED CERAMICS FROM PRE-AZTEC XALTOCAN, MEXICO

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Kristin De Lucia ◽  
Matthew T. Boulanger ◽  
Michael D. Glascock
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Activation Analysis ◽  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Neutron Activation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ceramic Production ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Early Postclassic ◽  
Ceramic Manufacture ◽  
Social Units

Abstract This study examines small-scale household ceramic production at the site of Xaltocan, Mexico, to understand the organization of household ceramic production prior to the development of the Aztec Empire. We examine utilitarian vessels and serving wares from an Early Postclassic (a.d. 900–1200) domestic context using neutron activation analysis (NAA). We also examine archaeological evidence for ceramic manufacture. The NAA data reveal that similar raw materials and paste recipes were used for both utilitarian and decorated wares, suggesting that households produced both plain and decorated pottery. We conclude that ceramic production was an intermittent activity that took place alongside other crafts and agriculture. By looking at ceramics within their contexts of use and production, we consider the practices and choices made by individual social units, which is crucial to interpreting broader Early Postclassic economic systems and the ways in which commoners influenced these systems.

Evaluation of the Industrial Raw Material Used for Ceramic Production in São José de Ubá, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afonso Rangel Garcez de Azevedo ◽  
Jonas Alexandre ◽  
Rafael Picanço Oliveira ◽  
Rodolfo Cretton de Souza ◽  
Euzébio Barnabé Zanelato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ceramic Production ◽  
Ceramic Processing ◽  
Know How ◽  
Technological Evaluation ◽  
Required Quality

The northern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, has a significant participation in the country ceramic production for civil construction owing to the abundance of raw materials, mainly kaolinitic clays. Each municipality in that region has ceramic industries using raw materials mined from its own deposits. Products such as bricks and tiles may lack the required quality due to the limited know-how on the applied raw material. The present work conducted a technological evaluation of the clayey raw material used in the municipality of São José de Ubá including its potential for ceramic processing at firing temperatures of 700, 850 and 950oC. The results indicated that only the ceramic fired at 950oC conforms to the specifications for water absorption and mechanical strength.

Ecological Responsibility and Sustainable Development as Preconditions for Development of the Concept of Circular Economy

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Olja Munitlak Ivanovic
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Intergenerational Justice ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ecological Responsibility ◽  
Production And Consumption

Ethical and ecological responsibility represent the root of sustainable development taking into account intergenerational justice. Mass production and consumption have left negative effects on the environment. Disregarding ecological responsibility, production processes were mainly based on uncontrollable use of raw materials and non-renewable energy sources. Taking into account limitation of raw materials, economic and ecological disasters, a concept of resilience has been developed to make all elements of society flexible in terms of unwanted shocks. This chapter describes two conceptual economic models: linear and circular. The linear model is based on the principle “take, produce, consume, and throw,” meaning that usability of waste is reduced and that waste is simply thrown out after consumption. Circular economic model takes into account environmental responsibility, but it also makes companies more competitive. Waste is treated and processed adequately and used as raw material in production, thus increasing competitiveness. Waste that cannot be processed is disposed permanently.

Identifying ceramic production and exchange in the Valley of Puebla, Mexico: a multifaceted approach

Antiquity ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (341) ◽  
pp. 805-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald A. Castanzo
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Activation Analysis ◽  
Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis ◽  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Ceramic Production ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Insight Into

Pottery production in Formative Period Mesoamerica appears to have been organised at the household level, but its distribution also provides evidence of political or economic boundaries. One distinctive ware from the Valley of Puebla, Tlaquexpa Red, used for the manufacture of sub-hemispherical bowls, was analysed by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The results indicated that many of these vessels were being made by families at Tlaquexpa itself, but that some of their products were being traded to other communities, including the nearby civic-ceremonial centre of Xochiltenango. The study gives new insight into the role of pottery production in pre-Hispanic households.

A Microscopic View of Ceramic Production: An Analysis of Thin-Sections from Monte Albán

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lane F. Fargher
Keyword(s):  
Formative Period ◽  
Classic Period ◽  
Ceramic Production ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Sedimentary Petrology ◽  
Monte Alban ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Optical Mineralogy ◽  
Petrographic Study

This paper presents the results of a recent petrographic study of Monte Albán grayware pottery. Using INEGI bedrock maps, optical mineralogy, and sedimentary petrology techniques, I demonstrate that the organization of gray-ware production changed greatly through time at Monte Albán. During the Late-Terminal Formative period (Monte Albán I-II), the majority of the gray wares consumed at Monte Albán were probably imported to this hilltop center from some distance. Furthermore, I found the paste composition of this pottery was highly variable, suggesting that many small-scale part-time specialists were engaged in gray-ware production at this time. With the transition to the Classic period (Monte Albán III-IV), the organization of gray-ware production may have changed dramatically and nearly all of the gray wares recovered from Monte Albán were probably produced at this hilltop center. At the same time, we see extensive evidence of specialized gray-ware production at Monte Albán from both survey and excavation data.

scholarly journals Chalcolithic and Middle Bronze Age obsidian industries at Karmir Sar: A mountain view on the lithic economies of the Southern Caucasus

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Purschwitz
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Middle Bronze Age

The high-altitude site of Karmir Sar is located around 2850 m a.s.l. on the southern slopes of Mt. Aragats (Armenia). Numerous stone structures (including vishaps, cromlechs, stone enclosures) are found all over the 40 ha-sized meadow, out of which three vishaps, four cromlechs and one circular stone structure have been investigated since 2012. According to 14C-dates, pottery and diagnostic lithic artefacts, human presence at Karmir Sar started as early as the Chalcolithic Period and continued (with gaps) until modern times; whereby the Middle Bronze Age (MBA) and the Medieval era represent the most intensive periods of occupation. This contribution presents primary data on the typology and technology of 1129 chipped lithic artefacts that have been excavated in four trenches at Karmir Sar (operations KS A, KS C, KS D, and KS E). This study of the lithic industries of Karmir Sar will be embedded within the framework of lithic economy, which considers lithic artefacts as part of a comprehensive interaction between lithic production and consumption. The lithic economy includes strategies of raw material procurement, blanks production and its transformation into tools, tool use, as well as the circulation of raw materials or products. Due to multiple use episodes and a general lack of clear stratigraphical horizons, the assemblages of Karmir Sar are not suitable to define the lithic industry for specific periods (such as the Chalcolithic or MBA periods). However, the data allows for general conclusions on lithic production and consumption at Karmir Sar, which appears to be quite similar during both periods. The Chalcolithic and MBA lithic economies at Karmir Sar are characterized by an ad hoc tool production environment, which well matches the needs of semi-mobile herder societies. The majority of raw materials appear to be procured from secondary source areas (such as riverbeds) which is indicated by a high ratio of battered and rolled surfaces. Tools are predominantly produced on-site, and according to daily demands by simple flake core technology. This allowed for a flexible, spontaneous blank and tool production without being dependent on specialized blade producers.

scholarly journals STUDI PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU BERAS (Kasus di PT. Buyung Putra Pangan PP Buyung Kabupaten Banyuasin) Study inventories control of rice s raw material (Case in Buyung Putra Pangan Ltd. PP Buyung Banyuasin Regency)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Andrik Saputra ◽  
Rahidin H. Anang ◽  
Harniatun Iswarini
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Safety Stock ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Sample Method

ABSTRACT This research aims to study of inventories contol of rice raw materials at Buyung Putra Pangan Ltd. PP Buyung Banyuasin Regency and to examine the problems in inventories of rice raw materials at Buyung Putra Pangan Ltd. PP Buyung Banyuasin Regency.  This research has been conducted at Buyung Putra Pangan Ltd. PP Buyung Banyuasin Regency, time data taking over conducted in May – July 2017.  The research method used was the case study method, the sample method used was the purposive sampling, collection data method used is the observation, interviews and documentation.  Process method and analysis data used to answer the problem first and second is a qualitative-descriptive, to know the princely safety stock using the formula safety.  Our results indicate that of inventories control of rice raw material at Buyung Putra Pangan Ltd. PP Buyung Banyuasin Regency use by way to perform, own production to need meet raw material as long production, to perform to do stock rice the Silo GSI used was the formula safety stock in the amount of 6,596.27 tons every month of rice raw material available permanent. And obstacles faced by trade in inventories rice raw material is no yet available raw material to do collectors every time and great less kapacitas stock the raw material (Rice Silo GSI).

The Provincial Organization of Inka Ceramic Production

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence N. D'Altroy ◽  
Ronald L. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ceramic Production ◽  
Lake Titicaca ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Provincial Capital ◽  
Inka Empire ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

The Inka empire was supported by goods and services provided by both generalized and specialized labor. To gain insight into how goods were produced and distributed in the imperial economy, 173 sherds from Cuzco, Lake Titicaca, the upper Mantaro Valley, and Tarma were analyzed (INAA) for materials composition. Results show that production and consumption of Inka ceramics were focused within regions, although two plates probably made in Cuzco were among the Titicaca and Mantaro samples. Inka ceramics from the upper Mantaro were made from at least two sources of raw materials, both distinct from those used in local Wanka ceramics. Evidence suggests that the Inka provincial capital (Hatun Xauxa) and two Wanka towns obtained most of their Inka pots from either one or the other source. These results imply that the state controlled production of its ceramics regionally, starting at the source of the raw materials, and distributed the products of separate sources selectively.

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