Vila Rica: Profile of a Colonial Brazilian Urban Center

1979 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Urban Center ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Colonial Society ◽  
The World

The demographic configuration of Brazil during the colonial period is known only in its general outlines. To a large degree this is due to the unavailability of census data for most of the colonial period as well as to a general reluctance on the part of historians to resort to the laborious process of systematically using parish records or census tracts. This essay is an effort to present detailed information on a colonial Brazilian urban center in the hope that it will provide some insights into the structure of colonial society while at the same time providing material from which comparisons can be drawn with other parts of the world for which the demographic picture is clearer. Because of the paucity of comparable studies for other areas of Brazil no claim is made, at this time, concerning the generalizability of the conclusions reached from the Vila Rica data.

“These Shall Come from Far”

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Bross
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
New England ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Global Network ◽  
The World ◽  
Basket Maker

Chapter 3 analyzes English claims to a central role in a global network of indigenous and English people connected by faith around the world, claims made manifest in Of the Conversion of Five Thousand Nine Hundred Indians on the Island of Formosa, a 1650 publication by Baptist minister Henry Jessey, printed by radical bookseller Hannah Allen. It reports on Dutch missions in Taiwan, comparing them with evangelism efforts in New England. The coda considers the experiences of an Algonquian woman who is unnamed in Jessey’s tract but is identified as a basket maker, speculating on the meaning she may have encoded in her basket designs. Though we cannot “read” them directly, the fact that she made them, coupled with the provocative arguments offered by recent scholars about Native material culture in the colonial period, enables us to reconsider the print archive in which she appears.

Abstract 17048: The Association of Neighborhood Deprivation With Racial Disparities in 30-day Heart Failure Readmissions in Middle Aged Adults

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivani A Patel ◽  
Aditi Nayak ◽  
Theresa Shirey ◽  
Kaitlyn Long ◽  
Neal W Dickert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Area Deprivation ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Neighborhood Deprivation ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Southeastern Us ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
Linear Probability ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Introduction: Neighborhood socioeconomic status (N-SES) is associated with incident heart failure (HF) and HF readmissions. N-SES may have a greater impact on young and middle-aged adults with heart failure (HF) due to fewer resources. Hypothesis: N-SES modifies the disparity in 30-d HF readmissions between Blacks and Whites in the Southeastern US. Methods: We created a geo-coded retrospective cohort of patients aged <65 years (N=11,469, mean age 52.1 yrs, 48% female, 46.5% Black) with at least one HF hospitalization at any Emory Healthcare facility from 2010-2018. Quartiles of the Social Deprivation Index (SDI), derived from US Census data, characterized neighborhood deprivation at the census tract level. Linear probability models estimated the “excess 30-d HF readmissions” between Blacks and Whites (referent) within each quartile of neighborhood deprivation. A base model accounted for geographical clustering, age, gender, and insurance type; a fully adjusted multivariable model further adjusted for clinical variables (composite Charlson Comorbidity Index, HbA1c, BP, SaO2, and HR). Results: Compared with Whites, Blacks were more likely to reside in deprived census tracts, be female, have public insurance, and higher comorbidity scores (Table 1). Between 2010-2018, 20.5% of Black and 12.5% of White patients experienced a 30-d HF readmission (p<.001). Black excess in HF readmissions ranged from 6.7% (95%CI: 3.6%-9.7%) to 8.4% (95%CI: 4.9%-12.0%) within the 2 nd and 4 th deprivation quartiles, respectively (Figure 1), with no excess readmissions in the least deprived quartile. Accounting for comorbidities and clinical presentation eliminated the Black excess in 30-d HF readmissions in the 2 nd quartile but not within higher levels of area deprivation. Conclusions: Excess 30-d HF readmissions in middle aged Blacks increases with neighborhood deprivation and was not explained by patient sociodemographics or comorbidities in the most deprived Census tracts.

scholarly journals Borneo – trudna przeszłość, poplątane tożsamości. Indonezyjsko-malajska konfrontacja 1963–1966

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-296
Author(s):  
Andrzej Połosak
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Military Operation ◽  
East Indies ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Territorial Status ◽  
Commonwealth Of Nations

Borneo, the largest of the Sunda Islands, was already divided during the colonial period. Its southern part belonged to the Dutch East Indies. To the north, there were the territories of North Kalimantan, part of the British Federation of Malaya. The President of the Republic of Indonesia, Ahmed Sukarno, supported anti-colonial movements around the world. Moreover, in 1962, Indonesia launched a military operation that attached West Irian, a Dutch overseas territory in the eastern tip of New Guinea. This operation gained international support.When Great Britain revised its Far East policy in the late 1950s, London gave independence to the Federation of Malaya, known as Malaysia since that time. From then on, the country was part of the Commonwealth of Nations. President Sukarno, remembering the success of the 1962 operation, considered newly established Malaysia to be only a new incarnation of English colonial politics. In April 1963, Jakarta began invading northern Borneo to annex these lands to Indonesia. The invasion met with strong resistance from the Commonwealth of Nations. After three years of struggle, the territorial status quo from before the conflict was re-established. The invasion and its high costs shook President Sukarno’s position. As a result, he was overthrown by General Suharto and the previously pursued policy of supporting anti-colonialism ended, although Indonesia remained a member of the Non-Aligned Movement, one of whose spiritual fathers was Ahmed Sukarno.

scholarly journals Estimating historical land use patterns in Amazonia for hydrological studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-197
Author(s):  
Christiane Cavalcante Leite ◽  
Marcos Heil Costa ◽  
Ranieri Carlos Ferreira de Amorim
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Land Use ◽  
Past Land Use

The evaluation of the impacts of land-use change on the water resources has been, many times, limited by the knowledge of past land use conditions. Most publications on this field present only a vague description of the past land use, which is usually insufficient for more comprehensive studies. This study presents the first reconstruction of the historical land use patterns in Amazonia, that includes both croplands and pasturelands, for the period 1940-1995. During this period, Amazonia experienced the fastest rates of land use change in the world, growing 4-fold from 193,269 km2 in 1940 to 724,899 km2 in 1995. This reconstruction is based on a merging of satellite imagery and census data, and provides a 5'x5' yearly dataset of land use in three different categories (cropland, natural pastureland and planted pastureland) for Amazonia. This dataset will be an important step towards understanding the impacts of changes in land use on the water resources in Amazonia.

“Now is not like before. The world has changed.”

2018 ◽  
pp. 29-57
Author(s):  
Heather D. Switzer
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Education For All ◽  
Social Imaginary ◽  
Economic Insecurity ◽  
Postcolonial State ◽  
The World

“Maasai Education in Cultural and Historical Context,” focuses on how ideas about “being Maasai” and “being educated,” beginning in the colonial period and extending into the formation of the postcolonial state, are dynamic. Schoolgirls, mothers, and teachers see education as a powerful antidote to historically produced ethnic otherness, marginalization, and endemic economic insecurity. Schoolgirls, mothers, and teachers explained that as “the world has changed,” so have Maasai attitudes about education. This chapter historicizes and therefore politicizes contemporary Maasai attitudes about education in the case-study communities, within and against still salient ideas in the Kenyan social imaginary about Maasai as people who “hate” education, by showing how Maasai have come to see themselves as people who “love” education for all children, including girls.

The City with Imaginary Walls

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-142
Author(s):  
Cécile Vidal
Keyword(s):  
New Orleans ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Racial Formation ◽  
Urban Center ◽  
European Descent ◽  
The World ◽  
Civic Community ◽  
The City

This chapter shows that racial formation was also shaped by the relationships French New Orleans maintained with its hinterland. Racial tensions were instrumental in developing a sense of collective belonging among urban dwellers of European descent that was defined in confrontation with the world beyond the city’s imaginary walls. The Natchez Wars in 1729–1731 and slave unrest afterward played a crucial role in the construction of the Louisiana capital as a white civic community. In contrast, for the slaves living on the plantations nearby, the urban center increasingly symbolized both a place of greater autonomy and a place of repression.

scholarly journals Lyme Disease Biosensors: A Potential Solution to a Diagnostic Dilemma

Biosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Connor Flynn ◽  
Anna Ignaszak
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Chemical Techniques ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Current Standards

Over the past four decades, Lyme disease has remained a virulent and pervasive illness, persisting throughout North America and many other regions of the world. Recent increases in illness in many countries has sparked a renewed interest in improved Lyme diagnostics. While current standards of diagnosis are acceptable for the late stages of the disease, it remains difficult to accurately diagnose early forms of the illness. In addition, current diagnostic methods tend to be relatively expensive and require a large degree of laboratory-based analysis. Biosensors represent the fusion of biological materials with chemical techniques to provide simple, inexpensive alternatives to traditional diagnostic methods. Lyme disease biosensors have the potential to better diagnose early stages of the illness and provide possible patients with an inexpensive, commercially available test. This review examines the current state of Lyme disease biosensing, with a focus on previous biosensor development and essential future considerations.

scholarly journals Prioriority actions maps of municipal public services with geospace application

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e44426
Author(s):  
Bruno Fernandes Scaramelli ◽  
Edivando Vitor Couto ◽  
Paulo Agenor Alves Bueno ◽  
Débora Cristina de Souza ◽  
Luciane Maria Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Services ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Outlier Analysis ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
The Public ◽  
General Network ◽  
Absence Rate

Public services management is a fundamental role to public institutions, providing society with proper resources for a better quality of life. Local characteristics should be considered during public policies planning; however, generalizations are adopted to elaborate studies, overlooking these characteristics. Our objective was to apply a geostatistical analysis into the public services of Campo Mourão, Paraná State. The number of residents per census tracts lacking in water supply, sewage collection, waste collection, street lighting, electricity, and paving was found based on 2010 Census data. The spatial distribution of these data with the software ArcGIS 9.3 enabled the examination of these characteristics via the Cluster and Outlier method, through the Anselin Local Moran's I spatial analysis module, that identified hotspots and coldspots. As a result, it was found that Campo Mourão is satisfactorily supplied with electricity distribution services and waste collection with only 0.5% of absence in the census tracts. The sewage collection by the general network was the most absent service with 37% absence rate. Parque Industrial I and Jardim Isabel neighborhoods stood out as the most devoid of public services. The Cluster and Outlier Analysis is a subsidy tool for policy-making, which can increase efficiency when providing these services.

World Visions in Swahili Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-144
Author(s):  
Xavier Garnier
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Epic Poetry ◽  
Art Of Living ◽  
Literary Forms ◽  
Crime Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

Abstract Probably because of its relationship with a coastal culture, Swahili literature seems very aware of its position in the world. Through a reading of Swahili poems and novels across a range of genres, this paper explores the ways in which Swahili writers have engaged in a dialogue with the whole world, from the colonial period to the contemporary era. The evolution of well-identified literary forms such as epic poetry, ethnographic novel or crime novel will also pave the way for identifying the specificities of a Swahili cosmopolitanism anxious to cultivate an art of living in the age of a kind of globalization whose effects are often harshly felt at the local level. Because it has long developed an awareness of the world, Swahili literature has often pioneered the invention of literary forms that are able to translate locally the movements of the world.

Documentation and Reproduction of Colonial Legal Materials in European Libraries

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-201
Author(s):  
G. Nwili Okoli
Keyword(s):  
International Association ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
European Countries ◽  
African History ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Academic World ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Demand ◽  
Complete Sets

The emphasis in this paper is on the need for documentation and cooperative reproduction of legal documents relating to the colonial period in Africa which are mainly available in libraries in European countries. It is argued that these materials are extremely useful for research in legal and general scholarship, and that their non-availability in Africa at present is a drawback to the increase of research carried out in Africa. Documentation will make the existence of these materials more widely known in academic institutions than is the case at present, while reproduction through modern techniques will make them available to libraries. Potential demand for the documents, in view of the changing African political scenes, which are cutting across old colonial lines, emphasize the need for their availability. We have chosen the colonial period in African history because the colonial legal documents are obviously out of print and few libraries contain complete sets. As a set of literature, they are difficult for law libraries to acquire, not only in Africa, but also in other parts of the academic world where they may be needed. The International Association of Law Libraries is well placed to coordinate documentation and reprographic exchanges between libraries which have similar requirements in Europe, Africa and other parts of the world.

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