A Transfer Learning Evaluation of Deep Neural Networks for Image Classification

Transfer learning is a machine learning technique that uses previously acquired knowledge from a source domain to enhance learning in a target domain by reusing learned weights. This technique is ubiquitous because of its great advantages in achieving high performance while saving training time, memory, and effort in network design. In this paper, we investigate how to select the best pre-trained model that meets the target domain requirements for image classification tasks. In our study, we refined the output layers and general network parameters to apply the knowledge of eleven image processing models, pre-trained on ImageNet, to five different target domain datasets. We measured the accuracy, accuracy density, training time, and model size to evaluate the pre-trained models both in training sessions in one episode and with ten episodes.

Raciocínio Baseado em Casos para a Configuração de Modelos de Alocação de Banda

The extensive adoption of computer networks, especially the Internet, using services that require extensive data flows, has generated a growing demand for computational resources, mainly bandwidth. Bandwidth Allocation Models (BAM) have proven to be a viable alternative to network management where the bandwidth resource is shared to meet the high demand for the network. However, managing these networks has become an increasingly complex task, and solutions that allow for nearly autonomous configuration with less intervention of the network manager are highly demanded. The use of Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) techniques for network management has proven satisfactory for decision making and network management. This work presents a proposal for network reconfiguration based on the CBR cycle, intelligence, and cognitive module for MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching) networks. The results show that CBR is a feasible solution for auto-configuration with autonomic characteristics in the MPLS using bandwidth allocation models (BAMs). The proposal improved the general network performance.

Development of Automatic Switch for Electric Power Transfer

This article addresses the issue of power outage while transmitting electric power to consumer’s end. Electricity demand in today’s world has risen sharply where it must be generated not only using conventional fuels, but also from renewable sources in order to meet this demand. In this regard, an automatic switch is being developed that allows switching between sources in such a way that first and foremost, electric power from solar and wind farms is transferred to the consumer or to the general network. It not only resolves the issue of unforeseen blackouts and power outages, but it also ensures that the consumer end is receiving voltage from a stable generating source. This is how the automatic switch will work effectively in the best interests of the consumers.

Metronidazole-induced Metallic Taste: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Aims: This study aimed to estimate the incidence rate of metallic taste side effects in a patient who received metronidazole versus tinidazole and link it to the safety profile for metronidazole. Study Design: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Place and Duration of Study: This study where written and revised in the pharmaceutical care department at general network for healthcare providers Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. between Mar 2021 and Dec 2021. Methodology: Literature searches were conducted in the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager (RevMan) Version 5.4 software. Results: Our meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials studies confirm that there is a slight increase in the rate of metallic taste adverse effects. Around one-fifth of patients who were treated with tinidazole had developed an incidence rate (5.1%) higher than the patient who treated with metronidazole. Our data shows that the incidence rate of metallic taste adverse effects in patients who received metronidazole was 15.5% (58/373) while the incidence rate in patients who received tinidazole was 20.6% (104/505). But the overall rate of metallic taste adverse effects was not statistically significantly different (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.45 to 2.55; P = 0.87). also, there was statistical heterogeneity in the included studies (I2 = 75%). Conclusion: In our meta-analysis, the incidence rate of metronidazole-associated metallic taste adverse effects was slightly lower than the incidence rate of tinidazole-associated metallic taste adverse effects. It is not statistically significant as the result shows but still shifting the patient to metronidazole instead of tinidazole may decrease the incidence rate of metallic taste by (5.1%) and give good coverage for the microbial than tinidazole.

THE INFLUENCE OF MIGRATION PROCESSES ON THE FORMATION OF THE URBAN OBJECT STRUCTURE

In the article was found that the planned location of new or expansion of existing production clearly coincided with the movement of certain segments of the population to these regions for employment, examining and analyzing the problems of migration of the population of the former USSR. The researches of the Russian town-planners Bocharov Y.P., Belousov V.M., Vladimirov V.V., Maloyan G.A., Lezhava I.G. and other are devoted the problems of development of the theory of settlement with loss of planning component in development of systems of settlement and general plans of cities in new market (social and economic) conditions. Leading domestic urban planners have devoted their research to the problems of the development of the theory of settlement in Ukraine, the system of settlement and the development of master plans in modern market conditions (1992-2014). Some of them are Filvarov G.K., Yezhov V.I., Demin M.M., Lavrik G.I., Repin V.M., Timokhin V.O., Shkodovsky Y.M., Rudnitsky A .М. and other. The article presents the stages of formation of production relations, social, economic, architectural and spatial evolution under the pressure of migration processes, based on the analysis and research: The formation of the labor market (places of employment) in the development of industry, transport links and resettlement (early nineteenth - early twentieth century). Urbanization of cities in the early twentieth century due to migrations (free labor) from near and far agglomerations. Urbanization of the late twentieth century due to the release of labor (the collapse of the collective and state farm system). Under the pressure of migration and transport processes the compositional and planning spatial structure of the city is determined by the following aspects: the hierarchy of the city in the general network of settlements; the level of the city's public transport network; mobility of city residents; location of attractive objects for migrants in the city planning structure; socio-demographic characteristics of residents. Territories of cities with developed production are becoming the poles of industrial industry with the latest technologies, as well as centers of business.

Intelligent Approaches for Enhancing Networked Routing Protocol

The rapid evolution of wireless networking technologies opens the door to the evolution of the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and their applications in different fields. The WSN consists of small energy sensor nodes used in a harsh environment. The energy needed to communicate between the sensors networks can be identified as one of the major challenges. It is essential to avoid massive loss, or loss of packets, as well as rapid energy depletion and grid injustice, which lead to lower node efficiency and higher packet delivery delays. For this purpose, it was very important to track the usage of energy by nodes in order to improve general network efficiency by the use of intelligent methods to reduce the energy used to extend the life of the WSN and take successful routing decisions. For these reasons, designing an energy-efficient system that utilizes intelligent approaches is considered as the most powerful way to prolong the lifetime of the WSN. The proposed system is divided into four phases (sensor deployment phase, clustering phase, intra-cluster phase, and inter-cluster phase). Each of these phases uses a different intelligent algorithm with some enhancements. The performance of the proposed system was analyzed and evaluations were elaborated with well-known existing routing protocols. To assess the proficiency of the proposed system and evaluate the endurance of the network, efficiency parameters such as network lifetime, energy consumption, and packet delivery to the Sink (Base station) were exploited. The experimental outcomes justify that the proposed system surpasses the existing mechanisms by 50%.

Learning Feedback Molecular Network Models Using Integer Linear Programming

Analysis of intracellular molecular networks has many applications in understanding of the molecular bases of some complex diseases and finding the effective therapeutic targets for drug development. To perform such analyses, the molecular networks need to be converted into computational models. In general, network models constructed using literature and pathway databases may not accurately predict and reproduce experimental network data. This can be due to the incompleteness of literature on molecular pathways, the resources used to construct the networks, or some conflicting information in the resources. In this paper, we propose a network learning approach via an integer linear programming formulation that can efficiently incorporate biological dynamics and regulatory mechanisms of molecular networks in the learning process. Moreover, we present a method to properly take into account the feedback paths, while learning the network from data. Examples are also provided to show how one can apply the proposed learning approach to a network of interest. Overall, the proposed methods are useful for reducing the gap between the curated networks and experimental network data, and result in calibrated networks that are more reliable for making biologically meaningful predictions.

Assessing information-sharing networks within small-scale fisheries and the implications for conservation interventions

The effectiveness of behavioural interventions in conservation often depends on local resource users' underlying social interactions. However, it remains unclear to what extent differences in related topics of information shared between resource users can alter network structure—holding implications for information flows and the spread of behaviours. Here, we explore the differences in nine subtopics of fishing information related to the planned expansion of a community co-management scheme aiming to reduce sea turtle bycatch at a small-scale fishery in Peru. We show that the general network structure detailing information sharing about sea turtle bycatch is dissimilar from other fishing information sharing. Specifically, no significant degree assortativity (degree homophily) was identified, and the variance in node eccentricity was lower than expected under our null models. We also demonstrate that patterns of information sharing between fishers related to sea turtle bycatch are more similar to information sharing about fishing regulations, and vessel technology and maintenance, than to information sharing about weather, fishing activity, finances and crew management. Our findings highlight the importance of assessing information-sharing networks in contexts directly relevant to the desired intervention and demonstrate the identification of social contexts that might be more or less appropriate for information sharing related to planned conservation actions.

Participatory Guarantee System and Social Capital for Sustainable Development in Brazil: The Case Study of OPAC Orgânicos Sul de Minas

In recent years there has been a growing international interest in alternative certification strategies for organic products. Specifically, participatory guarantee systems (PGS) have proved to be particularly suitable not only to simplify bureaucratic procedures for small organic producers and reduce the cost of certification, but also to generate empowerment, social inclusion and mutual support among farmers. The purpose of this paper is to study the elements of social capital (SC) found in a PGS through the use of social network indicators using the Organizaçao Participativa de Acreditaçao e Certificaçao “Orgânicos Sul de Minas” (OPAC-OSM) as a case study. The research was carried out in the southern part of Minas Gerais, one of the states of the Brazilian Federation, where organic production represents a viable alternative for small and medium-sized farmers. In particular, a survey was carried out to capture the opinions of managers (presidents or directors) about their participation in the OPAC-OSM, and about the level of interaction and degree of trust between members. Relational skills, which are the basis of structural SC, were analyzed both at the level of individual units and at the level of the general network of the OPAC-OSM. An in-degree centrality score assigned to OPAC-OSM members was obtained from each network. These scores have been correlated with variables of the database that were chosen due to their relevance in assessing the level of social capital. According to the results, the factors that most reinforced the proof of SC among the OPAC-OSM members were the level of information and the degree of trust and collaboration networks, with special emphasis on female participation. From the analysis carried out, it is possible to conclude that PGS are powerful tools in the strengthening of SC far beyond the aspect of quality assurance, which remains the main objective of the OPAC.