Using Declarative Knowledge to Improve Information Search Performance

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Roberts ◽  
Robert H. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Information Search ◽  
Procedural Knowledge ◽  
Research Performance ◽  
Declarative Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Tax Research

Knowledge acquisition theory holds that superior judgment/decision-making performance depends on procedural knowledge, which, in turn, results from experience (practice and feedback). This research demonstrates that, under certain conditions, performance can be improved by exposure to declarative knowledge alone, without costly practice and feedback. Practicing tax accountants and graduate tax students participated in a computer-interactive study to improve tax research performance. Using a pretest-posttest design, knowledge and performance were measured prior to, and after, a treatment group (but not a control group) was exposed to a declarative knowledge intervention intended to enhance their knowledge of the content and structure of the Internal Revenue Code. Comparison of the treatment and control groups on posttest knowledge and posttest performance using commercial electronic tax research systems confirmed that the intervention was effective in improving both efficiency and effectiveness in research tasks. Implications for theory and future research are explored.

Knowledge, Adaptivity, and Performance in Tax Research

2005 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 703-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. Magro
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Research Performance ◽  
Institutional Knowledge ◽  
Tax Professionals ◽  
Extensive Information ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Tax Research ◽  
Tax Practice ◽  
Decision Tasks

The ability to adapt decision making to the features of decision tasks and contexts is likely an important component of professional decision making, but not all professionals will exhibit this adaptivity. One explanation for decision makers' failure to adapt when adaptivity is appropriate is that they do not possess relevant knowledge of the features of decision tasks and contexts, or institutional knowledge. In this study, I examine the relations between institutional knowledge, information search adaptivity, and performance using an experimental research design in the tax decision-making setting. The results of the study are consistent with predictions. Tax professionals with relevant institutional knowledge responded to the differential features of the taxplanning and compliance contexts by conducting broader and more extensive information search in planning than in compliance; professionals lacking institutional knowledge did not exhibit such information search adaptivity. In addition, tax research performance increased with information search adaptivity, and that adaptivity mediated the relation between institutional knowledge and tax research performance. This study extends the accounting and psychology adaptivity literatures and contributes to tax practice and education.

scholarly journals Market Orientation Conceptualizations, Components and Performance-Impacts: A Literature Review and Conceptual Framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Caroline Osuagwu
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Market Orientation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
And Performance

Market orientation is the business idea that sees the customer, consumer or client as the centre of business activities. It is one of the strategies that may lead to the achievement of efficiency and effectiveness in many organizations. It has relevance for all sectors in an economy. This paper undertakes a review of market orientation literature pertaining to conceptualizations, components and performance impacts. Based on the literature review, the paper develops a conceptual framework and suggests likely areas for future research efforts.

Strategic capabilities for managing risks in supply chains: current state and research futurities

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnu C.R. ◽  
R. Sridharan ◽  
Angappa Gunasekaran ◽  
P.N. Ram Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Strategic Capabilities ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Potential Methods ◽  
Supply Chain Risks

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the distinction and relationships between the significant strategic capabilities for managing risks in supply chains. This intersectional review exposes a substantial conceptual contradiction between the perspectives reported by various researchers. Further, the current paper classifies the literature into four categories according to the broad objectives investigated by the research papers. Design/methodology/approach Initially, a bibliometric analysis aligned with the concepts of a systematic literature review is conducted followed by a descriptive review focusing on models and methods. The software called BibExcel is utilized to extract and analyze the bibliographic information in a textual form from the research articles associated with strategic capabilities of the logistics sector. The results are exported to the software known as Gephi to visualize keyword co-occurrence analysis as networks. A well-structured descriptive review is also conducted to identify avenues for future research. Findings Despite conventional supply chain capabilities like efficiency and effectiveness, eight significant strategic capabilities of supply chains for managing risks are identified from the literature. These capabilities with positive connotations include flexibility, reliability, resilience, robustness, agility, adaptability, alignment and responsiveness. Considering the vast literature on flexibility/reliability along with its numerous dimensions and scope, the authors found that resilience, robustness, agility, adaptability, alignment and effectiveness are achievable through flexibility/reliability. Accordingly, it is appropriate to state reliability and flexibility as supply chain capabilities to achieve the other six supply chain competencies. Furthermore, the entire literature in this domain can be classified into four genres according to the addressed objectives, namely, concept development/validation, capability assessment, network design and performance evaluation. Research limitations/implications The information revealed from the keyword co-occurrence analysis along with the research implications provided in the penultimate section will assist budding researchers in framing novel and promising research objectives. Supply chain administrators and policymakers can utilize the literature classification and the notable references provided in this review for locating potential methods for assessing supply chain strategic capabilities, designing the supply chain and evaluating the performance of the supply chain. Originality/value An integrated bibliometric and descriptive literature review procedure is utilized in this paper. Furthermore, this critical review is the first work on comprehensively mapping the research relationships among various strategic capabilities required for mitigating supply chain risks.

scholarly journals Immediate And Retention Effects Of Teaching Games For Understanding Approach On Basketball Knowledge

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Gabriela Olosová ◽  
Ludmila Zapletalová
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Procedural Knowledge ◽  
Fifth Graders ◽  
Sixth Graders ◽  
Declarative Knowledge ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Technical Approach ◽  
Teaching Games For Understanding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Moderate Effect

Abstract Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) links tactics and skills by emphasizing the appropriate timing and application within the tactical context of the game. It has been linked to the development of enhanced tactical knowledge. The purpose of the study was to determine immediate and delayed effects of TGfU on procedural and declarative knowledge of basketball and to compare it with a technical approach. Experimental group (EG) (11 fifth graders + 18 sixth graders) was taught by TGfU and a control group (CG) (16 fifth graders + 24 sixth graders) was taught by a technical approach for 8 weeks in Physical Education (PE) classes, both. A written test was constructed to evaluate pupils’ declarative and procedural knowledge of basketball. The test was applied after the intervention to determine immediate effects and 8 months after the intervention to determine retention effects of the experimental programme. Shapiro-Wilk test, Wilcoxon T-test, Man-Whitney U-test were used for statistical analysis of obtained data. Cohen’s d was used to calculate effect size. Generally basketball knowledge was better in EG than in CG after the intervention (p<0.05) what confirms moderate effect size. When declarative and procedural knowledge were analysed separately there was no significant difference between EG and CG. Nevertheless, moderate effect sizes indicate that the data are particularly meaningful in terms of school practice. Retention effects of both approaches were similar. Total knowledge and declarative knowledge were worse after 8 months than immediately after the intervention in both groups (p<0.01). In both groups, there was no significant difference in procedural knowledge between the test written immediately after the intervention and 8 months later. Differences of changes were not significant between the groups.

Corporate Memories

2004 ◽  
pp. 69-85
Author(s):  
Meliha Handzic ◽  
Glenn Bewsell
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Procedural Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Knowledge Repositories ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Knowledge Content ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

This chapter explores the nature of corporate memories in enhancing individual working knowledge and performance in a decision-making context. Our findings from a series of experiments indicate that people tended to use effectively up to two-thirds of the encoded knowledge, missing at least one-third of its maximum potential. Our findings also indicate that the effectiveness of knowledge repositories was highly contingent upon quantity, quality and diversity of their knowledge content. Finally, our study suggests that individuals can potentially benefit from additional knowledge management initiatives such as analytical and procedural knowledge, learning histories, guidance or interactive social environments. Future research may look at the impact of these initiatives independently, or at the possibility of a synergistic effect when combined and integrated.

Investigating the Adequacy of EFL Learners' L2 Digital Literacy Skills, Consistency of Self-Assessed Competence, and Actual Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Khalid Al Seghayer
Keyword(s):  
Information Search ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Online Search ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Wide Range

This study was designed to investigate the adequacy of EFL learners' abilities in three major dimensions of digital literacy skills and whether self-assessments of competence were consistent with their actual performance. It also identified factors that affected learners' use of the selected digital literacy skills. To this end, 60 Saudi EFL learners (41 male and 19 female) responded to a five-part, cross-sectional questionnaire of 36 items categorized according to the three dimensions of digital literacy skills. They also engaged in 11 predetermined real-time Internet search tasks. The participants' on-screen online search activities were recorded and subjected to a search log analysis. Short, semi-structured post-search interviews were conducted to capture the participants' reflections on the search process. The data was analyzed with descriptive statistics and paired t-tests. The participants' success in searches was measured by the total number of tasks completed accurately. The results indicated that the participants were ill-equipped to efficiently handle the three key L2 digital literacy skills. Participants' low self-perceived ability to use them adequately was consistent with their actual poor online search performance. Further, the participants scored low in search accuracy, with the exception of search results interpretation skills and, to some extent, skills to evaluate a website's usefulness, and exhibited a wide range of areas for improvement and challenges in Web information search. The implications of the study and potential areas of future research are discussed.

Marketing Jobs and Management Controls: Toward a Framework

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard J. Jaworski ◽  
Deborah J. Macinnis
Keyword(s):  
Procedural Knowledge ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Task Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Marketing Practice ◽  
Job Tension ◽  
Management Controls ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Marketing Position ◽  
Modest Effect

The authors consider the relationships among two characteristics associated with senior marketing positions (procedural knowledge and performance documentation), four types of management controls, and three job-related minipathologies (job tension, dysfunctional behaviors, and information asymmetries between superiors and subordinates). Selected management control theory suggests that the characteristics of a given marketing position should predict managers’ reliance on specific types of management controls. In turn, these controls should directly predict the extent of job-related minipathologies. In contrast, contingency theories of control suggest that task characteristics moderate the direct effects of controls on these negative outcomes. In effect, they argue that whether outcomes are positive or negative depends on the extent to which controls “fit” a given marketing position. To test these ideas, a national survey of senior marketing personnel was conducted. Three sets of findings emerged. First, the two task characteristics studied generally predict the type of controls-in-use. Second, certain controls-in-use have a modest effect on specific minipathologies. Third, the moderating effect of task characteristics is not confirmed. Implications for marketing practice and directions for future research in marketing are proposed.

scholarly journals Effect of Case-Based Small-Group Learning on Care Workers’ Emergency Coping Abilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11458
Author(s):  
Soon-Ok Kim
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Group Learning ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Small Group Learning ◽  
Adult Care ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Case Based

This study aimed to develop and implement an emergency coping education program using a case-based small-group learning method and verify its effect on care workers’ emergency coping abilities. The study was conducted with 72 care workers in older adult care facilities and home care centers. Using a nonequivalent control group pretest–posttest design, 36 participants were assigned to each group (i.e., experimental and control groups). The collected data were analyzed through χ²-test and independent t-test using SPSS for Windows, version 25.0. Compared to the control group, a statistically significant increase in knowledge and performance levels in emergencies, emergency coping abilities, self-efficacy in coping with emergencies, and confidence in communication was observed in the experimental group. This study was able to verify the effectiveness of the emergency coping education program in care workers and recommends its use. To maximize the learning effects of educational programs, future research should develop and apply programs that incorporate simulation education.

Effects of Dispositional Motivation on Knowledge and Performance in Tax Issue Identification and Research

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Ashton ◽  
Michael L. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Research Performance ◽  
First Year ◽  
Accounting Research ◽  
Monetary Rewards ◽  
Individual Trait ◽  
Tax Professionals ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Tax Research

ABSTRACT: Previous accounting research on how motivation affects judgment/decision making performance has examined the influence of temporal incentives such as monetary rewards and accountability. We extend this line of research by examining dispositional motivation—the stable individual trait of achievement striving. We first examine whether dispositional motivation affects the extent to which beginning tax professionals acquire tax knowledge over the course of their academic pursuits and first year of professional practice. This aspect of knowledge acquisition has not previously been examined in accounting research. We expect that knowledge differences, in turn, will predict performance in tax issue identification and in tax research. In addition, we hypothesize dispositional motivation will have a direct effect on tax research performance, but not on issue identification. Finally, we hypothesize dispositional motivation will be mediated by task-relevant knowledge in tax research. With one exception, all the hypotheses are met. We conclude by discussing further avenues for research on the role of dispositional motivation in accounting settings.

Work Engagement and Research Output Among Female and Male Scientists

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lonneke Dubbelt ◽  
Sonja Rispens ◽  
Evangelia Demerouti
Keyword(s):  
Work Engagement ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Research Performance ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Women have a minority position within science, technology, engineering, and mathematics and, consequently, are likely to face more adversities at work. This diary study takes a look at a facilitating factor for women’s research performance within academia: daily work engagement. We examined the moderating effect of gender on the relationship between two behaviors (i.e., daily networking and time control) and daily work engagement, as well as its effect on the relationship between daily work engagement and performance measures (i.e., number of publications). Results suggest that daily networking and time control cultivate men’s work engagement, but daily work engagement is beneficial for the number of publications of women. The findings highlight the importance of work engagement in facilitating the performance of women in minority positions.

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