scholarly journals Impact of Insertion Depth and Predrilling Diameter on Primary Stability of Orthodontic Mini-implants

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedict Wilmes ◽  
Dieter Drescher
Keyword(s):  
Bone Quality ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Insertion Depth ◽  
Mini Implants ◽  
Local Bone ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Implant Site Preparation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective: To test the hypothesis that the impact of the insertion depth and predrilling diameter have no effect on the primary stability of mini-implants. Materials and Methods: Twelve ilium bone segments of pigs were embedded in resin. After implant site preparation with different predrilling diameters (1.0, 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3 mm), Dual Top Screws 1.6 × 10 mm (Jeil, Korea) were inserted with three different insertion depths (7.5, 8.5, and 9.5 mm). The insertion torque was recorded to assess primary stability. In each bone, five Dual Top Screws were used as a reference to compensate for the differences of local bone quality. Results: Both insertion depth and predrilling diameter influenced the measured insertion torques distinctively: the mean insertion torque for the insertion depth of 7.5 mm was 51.62 Nmm (±25.22); for insertion depth of 8.5 mm, 65.53 Nmm (±29.99); and for the insertion depth of 9.5 mm, 94.38 Nmm (±27.61). The mean insertion torque employing the predrill 1.0 mm was 83.50 Nmm (±33.56); for predrill 1.1 mm, 77.50 Nmm (±27.54); for the predrill 1.2 mm, 61.70 Nmm (±28.46); and for the predrill 1.3 mm, 53.10 (±32.18). All differences were highly statistically significant (P < .001). Conclusions: The hypothesis is rejected. Higher insertion depths result in higher insertion torques and thus primary stability. Larger predrilling diameters result in lower insertion torques.

scholarly journals Insertion Angle Impact on Primary Stability of Orthodontic Mini-Implants

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1065-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedict Wilmes ◽  
Yu-Yu Su ◽  
Dieter Drescher
Keyword(s):  
Bone Quality ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Insertion Angle ◽  
Oblique Direction ◽  
Mini Implants ◽  
Local Bone ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Root Contact

Abstract Objective: To analyze the impact of the insertion angle on the primary stability of mini-implants. Materials and Methods: A total of 28 ilium bone segments of pigs were embedded in resin. Two different mini-implant sizes (Dual-Top Screw 1.6 × 8 mm and 2.0 × 10 mm) were inserted at seven different angles (30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, 70°, 80°, and 90°). The insertion torque was recorded to assess primary stability. In each bone, five Dual-Top Screws were used to compensate for differences in local bone quality. Results: The angle of mini-implant insertion had a significant impact on primary stability. The highest insertion torque values were measured at angles between 60° and 70° (63.8° for Dual-Top 1.6 mm and 66.7° for Dual-Top 2.0 mm). Very oblique insertion angles (30°) resulted in reduced primary stability. Conclusions: To achieve the best primary stability, an insertion angle ranging from 60° to 70° is advisable. If the available space between two adjacent roots is small, a more oblique direction of insertion seems to be favorable to minimize the risk of root contact.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Osseodensification Drilling Protocol for Implant Site Osteotomy: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1147
Author(s):  
Alessio Danilo Inchingolo ◽  
Angelo Michele Inchingolo ◽  
Ioana Roxana Bordea ◽  
Edit Xhajanka ◽  
Donato Mario Romeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Local Bone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Drilling Technique ◽  
Bone To Implant Contact ◽  
Implant Site Preparation

Many different osteotomy procedures has been proposed in the literature for dental implant site preparation. The osseodensification is a drilling technique that has been proposed to improve the local bone quality and implant stability in poor density alveolar ridges. This technique determines an expansion of the implant site by increasing the density of the adjacent bone. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of the osseodensification technique for implant site preparation through a literature review and meta-analysis. The database electronic research was performed on PubMed (Medline) database for the screening of the scientific papers. A total of 16 articles have been identified suitable for the review and qualitative analysis—11 clinical studies (eight on animals, three on human subjects), four literature reviews, and one case report. The meta-analysis was performed to compare the bone-to-implant contact % (BIC), bone area fraction occupied % (BAFO), and insertion torque of clockwise and counter-clockwise osseodensification procedure in animal studies. The included articles reported a significant increase in the insertion torque of the implants positioned through the osseodensification protocol compared to the conventional drilling technique. Advantages of this new technique are important above all when the patient has a strong missing and/or low quantity of bone tissue. The data collected until the drafting of this paper detect an improvement when the osseodensification has been adopted if compared to the conventional technique. A significant difference in BIC and insertion torque between the clockwise and counter-clockwise osseodensification procedure was reported, with no difference in BAFO measurements between the two approaches. The effectiveness of the present study demonstrated that the osseodensification drilling protocol is a useful technique to obtain increased implant insertion torque and bone to implant contact (BIC) in vivo. Further randomized clinical studies are required to confirm these pieces of evidence in human studies.

Influence of Bone Quality, Drilling Protocol, Implant Diameter/Length on Primary Stability: An In Vitro Comparative Study on Insertion Torque and Resonance Frequency Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Farronato ◽  
Mattia Manfredini ◽  
Michele Stocchero ◽  
Mattia Caccia ◽  
Lorenzo Azzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Resonance Frequency Analysis ◽  
Bone Response ◽  
Implant Length

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of bone quality, drilling technique, implant diameter, and implant length on insertion torque (IT) and resonance frequency analysis (RFA) of a prototype-tapered implant with knife-edge threads. The investigators hypothesized that IT would be affected by variations in bone quality and drilling protocol, whereas RFA would be less influenced by such variables. The investigators implemented an in vitro experiment in which a prototype implant was inserted with different testing conditions into rigid polyurethane foam blocks. The independent variables were: bone quality, drilling protocol, implant diameter, and implant length. Group A implants were inserted with a conventional drilling protocol, whereas Group B implants were inserted with an undersized drilling protocol. Values of IT and RFA were measured at implant installation. IT and RFA values were significantly correlated (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.54). A multivariable analysis showed a strong model. Higher IT values were associated with drilling protocol B vs A (mean difference: 71.7 Ncm), implant length (3.6 Ncm increase per mm in length), and substrate density (0.199 Ncm increase per mg/cm3 in density). Higher RFA values were associated with drilling protocol B vs A (mean difference: 3.9), implant length (1.0 increase per mm in length), and substrate density (0.032 increase per mg/cm3 in density). Implant diameter was not associated with RFA or IT. Within the limitations of an in vitro study, the results of this study suggest that the studied implant can achieve good level of primary stability in terms of IT and RFA. A strong correlation was found between values of IT and RFA. Both parameters are influenced by the drilling protocol, implant length, and substrate density. Further studies are required to investigate the clinical response in primary stability and marginal bone response.

scholarly journals How Do Parameters of Implant Primary Stability Correspond with CT-Evaluated Bone Quality in the Posterior Maxilla? A Correlation Analysis

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Ji-Hyun Kim ◽  
Young-Jun Lim ◽  
Bongju Kim ◽  
Jungwon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Hounsfield Units ◽  
Stability Parameters ◽  
Posterior Maxilla ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Edentulous Patients

The aim of the present study was to evaluate correlations between bone density and implant primary stability, considering various determinants such as age, gender, and geometry of implants (design, diameter). Bone density of edentulous posterior maxillae was assessed by computed tomography (CT)-derived Hounsfield units, and implant primary stability values were measured with insertion torque and resonance frequency analysis (RFA). A total of 60 implants in 30 partially edentulous patients were evaluated in the posterior maxilla with two different types of dental implants. The bone density evaluated by CT-derived Hounsfield units showed a significant correlation with primary stability parameters. The bone quality was more influenced by gender rather than age, and the type of implant was insignificant when determining primary stability. Such results imply that primary stability parameters can be used for objective assessment of bone quality, allowing surgical modifications especially in sites suspected of poor bone quality.

Primary Stability of Short Implants Inserted Using Piezoelectric or Drilling Systems: An In Vitro Comparison

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-266
Author(s):  
Claudio Stacchi ◽  
Matteo De Biasi ◽  
Lucio Torelli ◽  
Massimo Robiony ◽  
Roberto Di Lenarda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Operative Time ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Implant Stability ◽  
Implant Stability Quotient ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Implant Site Preparation

The primary objective of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of implant site preparation technique (drills vs ultrasonic instrumentation) on the primary stability of short dental implants with two different designs inserted in simulated low-quality cancellous bone. Eighty implant sites were prepared in custom-made solid rigid polyurethane blocks with two different low cancellous bone densities (5 or 15 pounds per cubic foot [PCF]), equally distributed between piezoelectric (Surgysonic Moto, Esacrom, Italy) and conventional drilling techniques. Two short implant systems (Prama and Syra, Sweden & Martina) were tested by inserting 40 fixtures of each system (both 6.0 mm length and 5.0 mm diameter), divided in the four subgroups (drills/5 PCF density; drills/15 PCF density; piezo/5 PCF density; piezo/15 PCF density). Insertion torque (Ncm), implant stability quotient values, removal torque (Ncm), and surgical time were recorded. Data were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA and Scheffé's test (α = 0.05). With slight variations among the considered dependent variables, overall high primary implant stability was observed across all subgroups. Piezoelectric instrumentation allowed for comparable or slightly superior primary stability in comparison with the drilling procedures in both implant systems. The Prama implants group showed the highest mean reverse torque and Syra implants the highest implant stability quotient values. Piezoelectric implant site preparation took prolonged operative time compared to conventional preparation with drills; among the drilling procedures, Syra system required fewer surgical steps and shorter operative time.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effect of force direction on stationary anchorage success of mini-implant with a lever-arm–shaped upper structure

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 776-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki-Ho Park ◽  
Eun-Man Lee ◽  
Seung-il Shin ◽  
Seong-Hun Kim ◽  
Young-Guk Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Stability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Removal Torque ◽  
Lever Arm ◽  
Mini Implants ◽  
Force Direction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Objective: To compare the effect of clockwise and counterclockwise torque on the primary stability of a mini-implant with a lever-arm–shaped upper structure. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four white rabbits were used for this study. Two screw-type mini-implants were placed in each tibia. In all, 96 screws were inserted. Two weeks later, a 2-N force was applied to the mini-implants without an upper structure in eight rabbits (control group). The mini-implants of the other 16 rabbits were loaded with an upper structure (experimental group). In the experimental group, the two left mini-implants were loaded in a clockwise direction (CW group) and the two right implants were loaded in a counterclockwise direction (CCW group). The rabbits were sacrificed at 1 week or 8 weeks after loading in both control and experimental groups. The removal torque value (RTV) was measured in 15 of 16 mini-implants in each group and the remaining implant was processed for histologic examination. Results: At 1 week there were no significant differences in the mean RTV between the control, CW, and CCW groups. At 8 weeks, the RTV was higher in the control and experimental groups than in the respective 1-week groups. At 8 weeks, there were no significant differences in the RTV between the control and CW groups, but the CCW group showed a lower RTV. Conclusions: CCW torque can decrease the stability of a mini-implant, whereas a CW torque has no effect.

scholarly journals Mechanical stability and clinical applicability assessment of novel orthodontic mini-implant design

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 832-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha Na Song ◽  
Christine Hong ◽  
Robert Banh ◽  
Tania Ohebsion ◽  
Greg Asatrian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Tension Force ◽  
Implant Design ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Compression Force ◽  
Clinical Applicability ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the stability and clinical applicability of a novel orthodontic mini-implant design (N2) with the most widely used commercially available (CA) design. Materials and Methods: Two groups of mini-implants were tested: a CA design (1.5-mm diameter, 6-mm length) and N2 (3-mm diameter, 2-mm length, tapered shape). Implants were inserted in bone blocks of cortical bone simulation with varying densities (20 pounds per cubic foot [pcf], 30 pcf, and 40 pcf). A torque test was used to measure maximum insertion torque (MIT) and maximum removal torque (MRT). Compression and tension force vectors were applied at angles of 10°, 20°, 30°, and 40° using customized load pins to determine primary stability. Results: Mean MIT and MRT were higher in the N2 than the CA design at all three cortical bone densities except MRT in 20 pcf bone (not statistically significant). The mean compression force required to displace the N2 at all distances and angulations was greater for the N2 than the CA design. At all displacement distances, the highest mean tension force required for N2 displacement was at 10° angulation, whereas at 30° and 40°, the mean tension force required to displace the CA design was greater. Conclusions: The primary stability of the N2 is superior to that of the CA design and is promising for both orthodontic and orthopedic clinical applicability, especially under compression force. The short length of the N2 reduces risk of damage to anatomic structures and root proximity during placement and orthodontic treatment. The stability of the N2 may be compromised in areas of high bone density and highly angulated tension force.

scholarly journals Biomolecular, Histological, Clinical, and Radiological Analyses of Dental Implant Bone Sites Prepared Using Magnetic Mallet Technology: A Pilot Study in Animals

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 6945
Author(s):  
Gianmario Schierano ◽  
Domenico Baldi ◽  
Bruno Peirone ◽  
Mitzy Mauthe von Degerfeld ◽  
Roberto Navone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Implant Positioning ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
New Instrumentation ◽  
Implant Site Preparation

Background. A new instrumentation exploiting magneto-dynamic technology (mallet) proposed for implant site preparation was investigated. Methods. In the tibias of three minipigs, two sites were prepared by mallet and two by drill technique. Primary stability (ISQ) was detected after implant positioning (T0) and at 14 days (T14). X-rays and computed tomography were performed. At T14, bone samples were utilized for histological and biomolecular analyses. Results. In mallet sites, histological evaluations evidenced a significant increase in the newly formed bone, osteoblast number, and a smaller quantity of fibrous tissue. These results agree with the significant BMP-4 augmentation and the positive trend in other osteogenic factors (biological and radiological investigations). Major, albeit IL-10-controlled, inflammation was present. For both techniques, at T14 a significant ISQ increase was evidenced, but no significant difference was observed at T0 and T14 between the mallet and drill techniques. In mallet sites, lateral bone condensation was observed on computed tomography. Conclusions. Using biological, histological, clinical, and radiological analyses, this study first shows that the mallet technique is effective for implant site preparation. Based on its ability to cause osseocondensation and improve newly formed bone, mallet technology should be chosen in all clinical cases of poor bone quality.

Predicting primary stability of orthodontic mini‐implants, according to position, screw‐size, and bone quality, in the maxilla of aged patients: a cadaveric study

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 462-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan C. Möhlhenrich ◽  
Nicole Heussen ◽  
Philipp Winterhalder ◽  
Andreas Prescher ◽  
Frank Hölzle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Quality ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Cadaveric Study ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
Mini Implants

scholarly journals Effect of vertical placement angle on the insertion torque of mini-implants in human alveolar bone

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Ribeiro Maya ◽  
◽  
Célia Regina Maio Pinzan-Vercelino ◽  
Julio de Araujo Gurgel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Mini Implants ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Human Cadavers ◽  
Ex Vivo Study ◽  
Posterior Area

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present ex-vivo study was to evaluate the effect of the vertical placement angle of mini-implants on primary stability by analyzing maximum insertion torque (MIT). Methods: Mini-implants were placed in 30 human cadavers, inserted at either a 90° or 60° angle to the buccal surface of the maxillary first molar. Out of 60 self-drilling mini-implants used, half were of the cylindrical type and half were of the conical type. Primary stability was assessed by means of measuring the MIT. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Newman-Keuls tests. A significance level of 5% was adopted. Results: The MIT was higher for both mini-implant types when they were placed at a 90° angle (17.27 and 14.40 Ncm) compared with those placed at a 60° angle (14.13 and 11.40 Ncm). Conclusions: MIT values were differed according to the vertical mini-implant placement angle in the maxillary posterior area. Regardless of the type of mini-implant used, placement at a 90° angle resulted in a higher MIT.

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