Salivary leptin levels in normal weight and overweight individuals and their correlation with orthodontic tooth movement

ABSTRACT Objectives: To assess and compare the concentration of leptin in saliva between normal weight and overweight individuals and to evaluate the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. Materials and Methods: Thirty female subjects were divided into two groups: I (normal weight) and II (overweight group) based on their body mass index. All subjects underwent fixed appliance therapy requiring upper first premolar extraction and distal movement of the canine. Distal force was applied to the maxillary right canine using active lacebacks. Salivary samples were collected just before force application (T0), 1 hour (T1), and 1 month (T2) after force application. The rate of tooth movement was evaluated over 3 months and was measured on study models. Results: At all three time intervals, mean leptin concentration was greater in overweight individuals than normal weight individuals. In both groups at T1, the mean leptin concentration was found to increase significantly compared with the baseline value (T0), but at T2, the leptin concentration declined to values lesser than the baseline values (T0). Conclusions: Overweight individuals had greater salivary leptin concentration. There was a positive correlation between salivary leptin concentration and rate of tooth movement in both normal and overweight individuals. The rate of tooth movement is decreased in overweight individuals as compared with normal weight individuals.

Download Full-text

Human Dental Pulp Tissue during Orthodontic Tooth Movement: An Immunofluorescence Study

Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology ◽

10.3390/jfmk5030065 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 65 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Giovanna Vermiglio ◽

Antonio Centofanti ◽

Giovanni Matarese ◽

Angela Militi ◽

Marco Matarese ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Expression ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Control Group ◽

Pulp Tissue ◽

Force Application ◽

Dental Pulp Tissue ◽

Human Dental Pulp

The orthodontic tooth movement is the last step of several biological processes that take place after the application of external forces. During this process, dental pulp tissue is subjected to structural and protein expression modifications in order to maintain their integrity and functional morphology. The purpose of the present work was to perform an in vivo study, evaluating protein expression modifications in the human dental pulp of patients that have undergone orthodontic tooth movement due to pre-calibrated light force application for 30 days. Dental pulp samples were extracted from molars and premolars of the control group and after 7 and 30 days of treatment; the samples were then processed for immunofluorescence reactions using antibodies against fibronectin, collagen I and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Our results show that, after 7 days of treatment, all tested proteins change their pattern expression and will reset after 30 days. These data demonstrate that the dental pulp does not involve any irreversible iatrogenic alterations, supporting the efficacy and safety of using pre-calibrated force application to induce orthodontic tooth movement in clinical practice.

Download Full-text

Use of medetomidine, midazolam, ketamine and sevoflurane as an anesthetic protocol for domestic chickens

Veterinaria México OA ◽

10.22201/fmvz.24486760e.2020.1.620 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yıldırım Çelik ◽

Gültekin Atalan ◽

Vehbi Güneş ◽

Umut Alpman ◽

Muhammed Kaan Yönez

Keyword(s):

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Mean Amplitude ◽

P Wave ◽

Reflex Response ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Baseline Values ◽

The Mean ◽

Electrocardiogram Ecg ◽

Anesthesia Time

Changes in physiological and biochemical parameters after administration of medetomidine (MED), midazolam (MID), ketamine (KET) and a 2% of the inhalation anesthetic sevoflurane (SEVO), were investigated in domestic chickens. The anesthetic protocol began with a simultaneous intrapectoral injection (IP) of MED (50 μg/kg) and MID (0.5 mg/kg), followed by IP administration of 25 mg/kg of KET 10 min later. Anesthesia was then maintained for 30 min by 2% SEVO (with a 500 ml/min oxygen flow), using an Ayres T piece device. Heart and respiratory rates, cloacal temperature, reflex response and electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters were recorded at time cero (T0) before anesthesia (BA, baseline values), at time of MED+MID administration (T1), at time of ketamine injection (T2), 30 min after the start of SEVO inhalation (T3) and at recovery. Blood was also drawn at T0 and T3 to assess albumin, creatinine, glucose and liver enzyme concentrations. Cloacal temperature, heart and respiratory rates differed from baseline values at all time intervals during anesthesia (p<0.05). Heart rate decreased following the MED + MID injection (at T1, T2 and T3), and partially recovered by the reanimation period. Reflex response also differed between time 0 and all anesthesia time points (p<0.05). Mean amplitude of the P wave of the ECG was increased during MED + MID (T1) and KET (T2) anesthesia. The mean ST interval showed a large increase at T1, which was maintained throughout anesthesia (p <0.05). Albumin, glucose and the ALT enzyme decreased between T0 and T3. In conclusion, the use of MED+MID+KET and SEVO as an anesthetic combination altered cardiorespiratory and biochemical parameters of chickens, but no life-threatening effects were observed as a result of these changes. Hence, this drug combination can be adequately used as an anesthesia protocol in chickens.

Download Full-text

Influence of photobiomodulation on pain perception during initial orthodontic tooth movement

Revista de Odontologia da UNESP ◽

10.1590/1807-2577.00320 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

Author(s):

Welinton Lemos RUMÃO ◽

Heloísa Cristina VALDRIGHI ◽

Vivian Fernandes FURLETTI ◽

Giovana Renata GOUVÊA ◽

Milton SANTAMARIA-JR

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Ligament ◽

Pain Perception ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Apical Region ◽

Pain Level ◽

Band Placement ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Root Region ◽

Treatment Objective

Abstract Introduction Laser in low intensity (LLI) has been used to reduce the discomfort and pain that is triggered by the forces applied during orthodontic treatment. Objective To evaluate the effect of LLI application in the pain perception of periodontal ligament initial compression, during orthodontic tooth movement; and to compare the effect of this therapy between men and women. Material and method The sample consisted of 30 volunteers, who needed orthodontic band placement on mandibular first molars. After insertion of the elastic separators, LLI was applied to the mesial and distal apical region (wavelength 808nm, energy 2J, time 20s and fluency of 8.32J/cm2) and at three points on the root region (wavelength 808nm, energy 1J, time 10s and fluency of 4.16J/cm2) of the first molar (irradiated side) and compared to the contralateral first molar (non-irradiated side), in three time intervals: 0hs, 24hs and 48hs. Pain perception was evaluated by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), at 0hs, 24hs and 48hs after insertion, with significance of 5%. Result The pain level was observed to be significantly lower (p<0.05) on the irradiated side, irrespective of gender and time. Women presented a significantly higher pain level (p<0.05) than men, irrespective of time and side. There were no significant differences between the time intervals (p>0.05). Conclusion It was concluded that LLI reduced the perception of initial pain in patients in whom compression of the periodontal ligament was promoted by elastic separation, and that women had a greater perception of pain sensitivity in the time intervals studied.

Download Full-text

Age-related changes of dental pulp tissue after experimental tooth movement in rats

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.1625 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. e1625 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Martina Von Böhl ◽

Yijin Ren ◽

Anne M. Kuijpers-Jagtman ◽

Piotr S. Fudalej ◽

Jaap C. Maltha

Keyword(s):

Dental Pulp ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Contralateral Side ◽

Pulp Tissue ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Force Application ◽

Age Related ◽

Age Related Changes

It is generally accepted that the effect of orthodontic tooth movement on the dental pulp in adolescents is reversible and that it has no long-lasting effect on pulpal physiology. However, it is not clear yet if the same conclusion is also valid for adult subjects. Thus, in two groups of rats, aged 6 and 40 weeks respectively, 3 molars at one side of the maxilla were moved together in a mesial direction with a standardized orthodontic appliance delivering a force of 10 cN. The contralateral side served as a control. Parasagittal histological sections were prepared after tooth movement for 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The pulp tissue was characterized for the different groups, with special emphasis on cell density, inflammatory cells, vascularity, and odontoblasts. Dimensions of dentin and the pulpal horns was determined and related with the duration of orthodontic force application and age ware evaluated. We found that neither in young nor in adult rats, force application led to long-lasting or irreversible changes in pulpal tissues. Dimensional variables showed significant age-related changes. In conclusion, orthodontic tooth movement per se has no long-lasting or irreversible effect on pulpal tissues, neither in the young nor in the adult animals.

Download Full-text

Obesity and orthodontic treatment: is there any direct relationship?

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/2177-6709.22.3.021-025.oin ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 21-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alberto Consolaro

Keyword(s):

Tooth Movement ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Specialized Training ◽

Wide Spread ◽

Obesity And Cancer ◽

Do So

ABSTRACT Obesity is a wide-spread condition directly or indirectly connected with an increase in the prevalence of a variety of human diseases. It affects over 50% of the western overall population. In 2017, a thorough analysis of 204 studies on obesity and cancer revealed that the condition increases the risk of the following types of cancer: stomach, colon, rectal, bile duct, pancreatic, esophagus, breast, endometrial, ovarian, kidney and multiple myeloma. The first study aiming at establishing a connection between obesity and the rate of induced orthodontic tooth movement was conducted by Saloom et al; however, it could not effectively nor significantly reveal any direct influence or effect. Despite being identified during the first week, differences could not be explained and treatment time remained unchanged. In spite of lack of studies in the literature on the connection between obesity and the rate of induced tooth movement, in clinical practice, courses or specialized training, we should not have protocols changed nor adopt any measures or expect significant differences between normal-weight and obese individuals. It should be emphasized that unsuccessful cases or cases of root resorption associated with treatment should not be assigned to obesity, since scientific data is insufficient to do so.

Download Full-text

Impact of Obesity on Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Adolescents: A Prospective Clinical Cohort Study

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/0022034516688448 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 96 (5) ◽

pp. 547-554 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

H.F. Saloom ◽

S.N. Papageorgiou ◽

G.H. Carpenter ◽

M.T. Cobourne

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Inflammatory Disorder ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Clinical Cohort ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

Obesity is a widespread chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by an increased overall disease burden and significant association with periodontitis. The aim of this prospective clinical cohort study was to investigate the effect of obesity on orthodontic tooth movement. Fifty-five adolescent patients (27 males, 28 females) with a mean (SD) age of 15.1 (1.7) years and mean (SD) body mass index (BMI) of 30.2 (3.5) kg/m2 in obese and 19.4 (2.2) kg/m2 in normal-weight groups were followed from start of treatment to completion of tooth alignment with fixed orthodontic appliances. Primary outcome was time taken to complete tooth alignment, while secondary outcomes included rate of tooth movement and change in clinical parameters (plaque/gingival indices, unstimulated whole-mouth salivary flow rate, gingival crevicular fluid biomarkers). Data collection took place at baseline (start of treatment: appliance placement), 1 h and 1 wk following appliance placement, and completion of alignment. Results were analyzed by descriptive statistics followed by generalized estimating equation regression modeling. There were no significant differences between groups in time taken to achieve tooth alignment (mean [SD] 158.7 [75.3] d; P = 0.486). However, at 1 wk, initial tooth displacement was significantly increased in the obese group ( P < 0.001), and after adjusting for confounders, obese patients had a significantly higher rate of tooth movement compared with normal-weight patients (+0.017 mm/d; 95% confidence interval, 0.008–0.025; P < 0.001) over the period of alignment. Explorative analyses indicated that levels of the adipokines leptin and resistin, the inflammatory marker myeloperoxidase (MPO), and the cytokine receptor for nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) were significantly different between obese- and normal-weight patients and associated with observed rates of tooth movement. This represents the first prospective data demonstrating a different response in obese patients compared with normal-weight patients during early orthodontic treatment. These differences in the response of periodontal tissues to orthodontic force in the presence of obesity have potential short- and long-term clinical implications.

Download Full-text

Proteomic Analysis of Saliva Identifies Potential Biomarkers for Orthodontic Tooth Movement

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/2012/647240 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Mohd Faiz Ellias ◽

Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin ◽

Saiful Anuar Karsani ◽

Mariati Abdul Rahman ◽

Shahidan Senafi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Salivary Proteins ◽

Niti Wire ◽

Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Fixed Appliance ◽

Maldi Tof ◽

Whole Saliva

Orthodontic treatment has been shown to induce inflammation, followed by bone remodelling in the periodontium. These processes trigger the secretion of various proteins and enzymes into the saliva. This study aims to identify salivary proteins that change in expression during orthodontic tooth movement. These differentially expressed proteins can potentially serve as protein biomarkers for the monitoring of orthodontic treatment and tooth movement. Whole saliva from three healthy female subjects were collected before force application using fixed appliance and at 14 days after 0.014′′ Niti wire was applied. Salivary proteins were resolved using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) over a pH range of 3–10, and the resulting proteome profiles were compared. Differentially expressed protein spots were then identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometry. Nine proteins were found to be differentially expressed; however, only eight were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF. Four of these proteins—Protein S100-A9, immunoglobulin J chain, Ig alpha-1 chain C region, and CRISP-3—have known roles in inflammation and bone resorption.

Download Full-text

Interleukin 1β Levels around Microscrew Implants during Orthodontic Tooth Movement

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/100506-405.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 77 (6) ◽

pp. 1073-1078 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Emel Sarı ◽

Cihan Uçar

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Interleukin 1Β ◽

Implant Placement ◽

The Mean ◽

Crevicular Fluid

Abstract Objective: To determine whether interleukin 1β (IL-1β) levels are elevated around microscrew implants that are used as anchorage for tooth movement. Materials and Methods: Ten young adults, aged 16.3 ± 2.5 years and with all four premolars extracted , comprised the study group. Twenty maxillary microscrew implants were placed bilaterally in the alveolar bone between the maxillary second premolars and first molars as anchorage units for distal movement of the maxillary canines. The maxillary canines served as the treatment group, and the microscrew implants were designated as the implant group. The mandibular canines were used as controls. Peri-microscrew implant crevicular fluid (MICF) and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were collected at the beginning of tooth movement (2 weeks after implant placement); at 24, 48, and 168 hours later; and on days 14 and 21. An automated enzyme immunoassay was used to measure 1L-1β in the MICF and the GCF. Results: The mean 1L-1β level in the treatment group was significantly elevated at 24 hours (P = .003 < .05) and 48 hours (P = .003 < .05), whereas the levels in the control and implant groups did not change significantly during the experimental period. Also, the mean 1L-1β level of the treatment group was significantly higher that in both the control and implant groups at 24 and 48 hours. Conclusions: The microscrew implants did not demonstrate increased 1L-1β levels during tooth movement. This supports the concept that microscrew implants might be useful as absolute anchorage devices.

Download Full-text

Effect of vitamin E supplementation on orthodontic tooth movement in Wistar rats: a prelimary study

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.25709.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 1093

Author(s):

Erliera Sufarnap ◽

Darmayanti Siregar ◽

Yumi Lindawati

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Control Groups ◽

Osteoblast Cells ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Orthodontic Force ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Background: Tooth movement induced by the application of orthodontic force was initiated by inflammatory process. Studies have shown that vitamin E has an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties which perhaps could inhibit the tooth to move. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin E supplementation on orthodontic tooth movement in Wistar rats. Methods: Wistar rats (n=56) were divided into two groups. Group 1 served as the control groups, while group 2 was given vitamin E for 14 days before application of orthodontic force. Each group was divided into four subgroups (n=7), corresponding to the number of days orthodontic force lasted, i.e. 0, 1, 3, 7 days. At each of these four time points, distance measurements and quantity of osteoblasts-osteoclasts were measured in each rat. Results: Tooth movement distance was increased for group 2 than group 1 for all time intervals, but this difference was only statistically different on day 3 (p=0.001). For both groups, tooth movement was significantly different between each time interval in each group (p=0.041). The mean number of osteoblast cells was increased for group 2 compared to group 1 for all time intervals (p<0.05), but was not significant different between time intervals (p=0.897). The number of osteoclasts was not significantly different between groups, but it was statistically different between time intervals (p=0.004). Conclusion: The outcome of this study demonstrated that group 2 resulted a better tooth movement compared to group 1 on day 3, based on the distance measurement. The osteoclast cell numbers were the same within control groups, whilst the number of osteoblast cells in group 2 was significantly higher than those in group 1.

Download Full-text