Is a Single Preliminary Session of In-office Bleaching Beneficial for the Effectiveness of At-home Tooth Bleaching? A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. E180-E189 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Vaez ◽  
ACC Correia ◽  
TR Santana ◽  
MLC Santana ◽  
AC Peixoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Preliminary Session ◽  
At Home

Summary Objectives: To evaluate the effect of combining in-office with at-home bleaching procedures in terms of the time required to obtain satisfactory tooth color, final color changes, and tooth sensitivity (TS) reported by patients. Methods and Materials: Twenty-six patients enrolled in this study used 10% carbamide peroxide in a bleaching tray for 1 h/d until satisfactory tooth color was obtained. One-half of the participants underwent a preliminary session of in-office tooth bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide for 45 minutes. The time in days for the patients to obtain satisfactory tooth color by at-home bleaching procedures was recorded. The color change of the maxillary canines was assessed using the Vita Bleachedguide 3D Master scale and a spectrophotometer at 1 week and after the end of bleaching procedures. Participants' satisfaction with their smile was recorded using a visual analog scale, and TS was determined throughout the entire treatment. Data were analyzed by t-test, Mann-Whitney test, or Fisher exact test (α=0.05). Results: The combined protocol reduced (by an average of 3.7 days) the time required to obtain satisfactory tooth color but increased the risk and level of TS. No difference in the final tooth color change (around 5.0 shade guide units; ΔE=11.6–14.9), or the level of patients' satisfaction with their smile, was observed. Conclusions: A preliminary session of in-office bleaching reduced the time necessary to obtain satisfactory tooth color with at-home bleaching but increased the risk and level of TS.

Correlation Among Methods to Measure Tooth Color in Clinical Trials Evaluating Tooth Bleaching

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Luis Faria-e-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Color Measurement ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Assessment Time ◽  
Shade Guide

<P>Objective: This study aimed to assess possible differences in results provided by two shade guides and a spectrophotometer used to measure the color changes during tooth bleaching. </P><P> Methods: Fifty-six patients underwent two sessions of in-office tooth bleaching with a 35% hydrogen peroxide with a week of an interval between them. The color evaluation was performed using shade match with two guide scales (Vita Classical, and Vita Bleach Guide) and a spectrophotometer providing CieLab data. The color was assessed at baseline and 7 days after each session, and 30 days after the last session. Data from scales were arranged in scores according to lightness (lowest to highest) and the color changes were calculated based on baseline data. For CieLab data, &#916;L, &#916;a, &#916;b, and &#916;E were calculated for each assessment time. Differences between the color changes observed in each session were assessed by Wilcoxon test (&#945; = 0.05). Friedman`s test and One-way repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyze color changes among the assessment times. Spearman`s test was used to evaluate the correlation between the shade guide scores and data from Cielab. </P><P> Results: All methods of color measurement demonstrated any additional effect of second bleaching session on color change, and stable color after 30 days (p < 0.001 for all methods). Both shade guide scales presented low correlation coefficients with &#916;L, and moderate coefficients with &#916;b, Δa, and &#916;E. </P><P> Conclusion: Despite the weak/ moderate correlation among the methods used to measure tooth color, all methods showed similar results of tooth bleaching effectiveness.</P>

Comparison of the Effect of Agitation on Whitening and Tooth Sensitivity of In-Office Bleaching: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Kiyuna ◽  
LM Martins ◽  
TA Hanzen ◽  
A Reis ◽  
AD Loguercio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Bleaching Agent ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Sonic Activation ◽  
Shade Guide

SUMMARY Objective: This single-blind, split-mouth, randomized trial was aimed at evaluating the bleaching efficacy (BE) and tooth sensitivity (TS) of a 20% hydrogen peroxide (HP) bleaching agent used under active or passive application. Methods and Materials: Twenty-two patients with canines darker than C2 were selected. Teeth were bleached in two sessions, with a one-week interval between treatments. The bleaching agent was applied using active (HPactive) or passive (HPpassive) application. Each tooth in the HPactive-allocated hemiarch received bleaching gel with sonic activation after 10 and 30 minutes from the start of treatment, with rounded movements all over the buccal surface. The color changes were evaluated by subjective (Vita Classical and Vita Bleachedguide) and objective (VITA Easyshade Spectrophotometer) methods at baseline and 30 days after the second session. TS was recorded up to 48 hours after treatment using a 0–10 visual analog scale. Color change in shade guide units (SGUs) and ΔE was analyzed using a Wilcoxon test (α=0.05). The absolute risk and intensity of TS were evaluated using McNemar test and a Wilcoxon test, respectively (α=0.05). Results: Significant whitening was observed in both groups after 30 days of clinical evaluation. The activation did not significantly influence BE (ΔSGU HPpassive=5.6 and HPActive=5.8; p=0.98; and ΔE HPpassive=10.6 and HPactive=10.3; p=0.83). Absolute risk of TS (HPactive=36.4% and HPpassive=31.8%; p=0.94) was similar for both groups (Fisher exact test). TS intensity (visual analogue scale) was higher during the bleaching sessions and up to 24 hours thereafter for both groups, with no differences between groups (twoway analysis of variance and Tukey). Conclusion: The active application of a 20% HP gel did not improve BE and TS.

scholarly journals Effect of tooth enamel staining by coffee consumption during at-home tooth bleaching with carbamide peroxide

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Victor Frazão CÂMARA ◽  
Luine de Paiva Pereira Santos de SOUZA ◽  
Daniel Otero Amaral VARGAS ◽  
Isabel Ferreira BARBOSA ◽  
Gisele Damiana da Silveira PEREIRA
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Bleaching Procedure ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
At Home

Abstract Introduction Obtaining the result expected during tooth bleaching requires a correct diagnosis of the type of staining presented. The causes of tooth staining differ depending on the etiological factor. Objective To assess the color change caused by the immersion of bovine teeth in coffee solution during at-home tooth bleaching using a 16% carbamide peroxide gel. Material and method Thirty-three sound bovine teeth were assigned to three groups of eleven teeth each: 1 – Teeth bleached (TB) four hours per day for 21 days; 2 – TB four hours per day for 21 days and immersed in coffee solution immediately after tooth bleaching; 3 – TB four hours per day for 21 days and immersed in coffee solution four hours after the end of tooth bleaching. Immersed in coffee was performed for 15 minutes and tooth color was assessed before the start of the bleaching procedure and after 21 days with an intraoral spectrophotometer. Test Shapiro-Wilk was used to assess homoscedasticity and data were submitted to one-factor Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test (p <0.05). Result The color change observed in group 1 (5.76 ± 2.74)A was not statistically different from group 2 (8.83 ±5.11)A, which was immersed in coffee solution immediately after tooth bleaching, and from group 3, which was immersed in coffee solution four hours after tooth bleaching (8.20 ±3.71)A. Conclusion Coffee did not interfere with the tooth bleaching results, regardless of the time after the procedure. Hence, diet restrictions are not necessary during tooth bleaching.

Comparison of Whitening Dentifrices on the Effectiveness of In-office Tooth Bleaching: A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Jiang ◽  
C Zhang ◽  
C Agingu ◽  
T Attin ◽  
H Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Repeated Analysis

SUMMARY Objectives: To investigate the effect of whitening dentifrices on the effectiveness of in-office tooth bleaching. Methods and Materials: A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial was performed. The participants were randomly allocated into three groups according to the different dentifrices used during this clinical trial: regular dentifrice (group C), conventional whitening dentifrice (group CW), and whitening dentifrice containing blue covarine (group CU). All participants received in-office tooth bleaching for the maxillary anterior teeth (two sessions conducted at a one-week interval). Tooth color was measured with a spectrophotometer at baseline (T1), after the first bleaching session (T2), after the second bleaching session (T3); one week after the completion of in-office bleaching (T4); and three weeks after the completion of in-office bleaching (T5). The data were statistically analyzed through repeated analysis of variance and the Tukey test (α=0.05). Results: Sixty participants completed the study (n=20 per group). At T3, group CU exhibited the lowest ΔE values (p=0.008). The ΔE values increased from T4 to T5 in the CW and CU groups, whereas a decrease in ΔE values was observed for group C. Conclusions: The use of a whitening dentifrice containing blue covarine during in-office bleaching reduced color changes. After tooth bleaching, brighter tooth colors were observed in the participants who brushed with whitening dentifrices compared to those who brushed with a regular dentifrice.

scholarly journals Impact of Microabrasion on the Effectiveness of Tooth Bleaching

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 612-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Evelyn Perete-de-Freitas ◽  
Paula Damasceno Silva ◽  
André Luis Faria-e-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Color Change ◽  
T Test ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Bleaching Procedure ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Paired T Test

Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of prior microabrasion on the teeth color change and tooth bleaching effectiveness. Eight sound molars were mesio-distally sectioned and the halves were randomly allocated to receive enamel microabrasion or non-abrasion (control) in one of surfaces (buccal or lingual), while the remaining surface received the other treatment. The tooth color on baseline was evaluated by spectrophotometer (CieL*a*b system). After the microabrasion procedure, the tooth color was measured again. Following, the specimens were bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide for two sessions with one-week interval. The color was re-evaluated 7 days after each section and 30 days after the second session. The effect of enamel microabrasion on color changes was evaluated by paired T-test. Deltas L*, a*, b*, and E were calculated and data submitted to 2-way repeated measure ANOVA followed by Tukey`s test. Paired T-test was also used to assess possible differences on the ultimate color achieved after tooth bleaching. Enamel microabrasion reduced the lightness and increased the redness of specimens. Specimens that received microabrasion presented higher values of ∆L* than control after each bleaching procedure; and higher ∆a* after the 2nd bleaching session. However, the prior enamel microabrasion did not affect the ultimate values of color parameters. Despite enamel microabrasion have modified the tooth color, this procedure did not affect the ultimate results achieved with tooth bleaching using a high-concentrated hydrogen peroxide.

scholarly journals Association Between In-Office And At-Home Tooth Bleaching: A Single Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Lima Rodrigues ◽  
Patrícia Souza Rocha ◽  
Silvia Letícia de Souza Pardim ◽  
Ana Cláudia Vieira Machado ◽  
André Luis Faria-e-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Bleaching Procedure ◽  
To Receive ◽  
At Home

Abstract This controlled randomized clinical trial evaluated the effect of associating at-home and in-office bleaching procedures on tooth sensitivity (TS) and bleaching effectiveness. Forty patients subjected to on session of in-office bleaching with 38% peroxide hydrogen. Subsequently, the patients were randomly allocated to receive a second session of in-office bleaching or to use a tray containing 10% carbamide peroxide delivered during 7 consecutive days. The worst TS score reported during or after each bleaching procedure was recorded using a verbal rating scale and TS risk (score different from 0) was calculated. Color changes were measured 7 days after each in-office session (for patients receiving in-office procedures only) or after the end of at-home bleaching (for the combined protocol), and 6 months after the last procedure for both bleaching protocols. Color was assessed by a spectrophotometer and by color match with the Vita Classical and Bleach guide scales. Statistical analyses were carried out to assess possible differences between the protocols regarding the outcomes and to analyze the effect of time of assessment on color changes. The bleaching protocol did not affect the risk for and the maximum level of TS reported, irrespective of the time of assessment. In the color evaluation, the bleaching protocol also did not affect the ultimate tooth color. In conclusion, after one in-office bleaching session, there was no difference in bleaching effectiveness and TS between performing a second in-office session and associating it with 1-week at-home bleaching.

scholarly journals The Whitening Effect and Histological Safety of Nonthermal Atmospheric Plasma Inducing Tooth Bleaching

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4714
Author(s):  
Seoul-Hee Nam ◽  
Byul Bo Ra Choi ◽  
Gyoo-Cheon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Tooth Color

Various light sources have been applied to enhance the bleaching effect. This study was to identify the histological evaluation in oral soft tissues, as well as tooth color change after tooth bleaching by nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NAPP). Nine New Zealand adult female rabbits were randomly divided into three groups (n = 3): group 1 received no treatment; group 2 was treated with NAPP and 15% carbamide peroxide (CP), which contains 5.4% H2O2, and group 3 was treated with 15% CP without NAPP. Color change (ΔE) was measured using the Shade Eye NCC colorimeter. Animals were euthanized one day later to analyze the histological responses occurring in oral soft tissues, including pulp, gingiva, tongue, buccal mucosa, and hard and soft palates. Changes in all samples were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson’s trichrome. Teeth treated with plasma showed higher ΔE than that obtained with bleaching agents alone. Overall, the histological characteristics observed no appreciable changes. The combinational treatment of plasma had not indicated inflammatory responses as well as thermal damages. NAPP did not cause histological damage in oral soft tissues during tooth bleaching. We suggest that NAPP could be a novel alternative energy source to conventional light sources for tooth bleaching.

scholarly journals Evaluation of toxoplasmosis risk on anxiety and perception of cat owner pregnant women

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
Nur DOKUZEYLUL GÜNGÖR ◽  
Tuğba GÜRBÜZ ◽  
Selma Bozkurt ZİNCİR ◽  
Banu DOKUZEYLÜL ◽  
Erman OR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Main Host ◽  
The Difference ◽  
At Home

Cats are the main host of Toxoplasma gondii and pregnant women who own cats at home may be at risk. This condition may cause anxiety and stress in pregnant women. The aim of this study is to evaluate toxoplasmosis risk on anxiety and perception of cat owner pregnant women. The study group consisted of 59 pregnant women feeding cats in the home and 369 pregnant women not feeding cats. A Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI-18) was used to measure the anxiety of all participants. Age and anxiety variables were analyzed using a two-sample independent t-test. Gravida, education, and job status were analyzed using chi-square tests, and live to abort ratio & pregnancy number were analyzed using Fisher exact test. Measurement of the anxiety level between the two groups showed that anxiety is significantly higher among the pregnant women who feed cats in their house with an average of 32.03±8.72. The average anxiety level among the pregnant women who don't have cats in their house was 25.94±8.99. The difference between the Health Anxiety Inventory of the two groups was significant (p= 0.0001) It was shown in the literature that pets can reduce anxiety but not studied in pregnant women, yet. Our results showed that pregnant women who own cats at home had more environmental anxiety than women who don’t feed cats at home which is possibly associated with fear of Toxoplasma gondii transmission. This anxiety may also cause unfavorable pregnancy outcomes like eclampsia, preterm birth, low birth weight and high incidence of cesarean delivery.

scholarly journals Combination of at-home and in-office bleaching techniques: case series

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Alvarez FERRETTI ◽  
Matheus KURY ◽  
Beatriz Curvello de MENDONÇA ◽  
Marcelo GIANNINI ◽  
Vanessa CAVALLI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Shade Guide ◽  
At Home

ABSTRACT Tooth bleaching is one of the most conservative aesthetic techniques. At-home and in-office bleaching may be performed, as well as the combination of both techniques. As this combination may be done in different manners, distinct orders of combinations were proposed in this report. A 24 years-old man, whose upper central incisor and canine shades were A2 and A3 respectively, was initially treated by chair-side with 40-min application of 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP) for two sessions. Afterwards, an two-week overnight at-home bleaching was performed with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP). The shade of upper central incisors changed to 1M1 and canine was B1. Conversely, a 30 years-old woman was firstly conducted with at-home bleaching (overnight 4-weeks 10% CP) and, subsequently, with a single appointment of in-office bleaching for 45 minutes (35% HP). The shade of her upper central incisor changed from A1 to 0.5M1 and the upper canine from A3 to B1. The VITA classical (A1-D4) shade guide and VITA Bleached guide 3D-MASTER were used to determine the tooth color during the treatments. In both bleaching treatments, patients reported no significant tooth sensitivity and the final outcomes met their expectation.

scholarly journals In-Office Tooth Bleaching for Adolescents Using Hydrogen Peroxide-Based Gels: Clinical Trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 720-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Leticia Leal Gonçalves ◽  
Antonio Carlos da Silva Tavares ◽  
Ana Carolina Costa da Mota ◽  
Luiz Alberto Plácido Penna ◽  
Alessandro Melo Deana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Bleaching Procedure ◽  
Shade Guide

Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate colorimetric changes and tooth sensitivity in adolescents and young patients submitted to tooth bleaching with 20% and 35% hydrogen peroxide. A randomized, controlled, clinical trial was conducted with 53 patients aged 11 to 24 years who were allocated to groups based on the use of the following commercial products: Whiteness HP - FGM® (35% hydrogen peroxide); Whiteness HP Blue Calcium - FGM® (35% hydrogen peroxide); and Whiteness HP Blue Calcium - FGM® (20% hydrogen peroxide). After the bleaching procedure, the visual analog scale was used to measure tooth sensitivity and the Vita Classical Shade guide was used to determine changes in tooth color. Statistical analysis involved the Friedman, Kruskal-Wallis and Student-Newman-Keuls tests, with p≤0.05 considered indicative of statistical significance. The addition of calcium contributed to a reduction in tooth sensitivity, especially when the lower concentration of hydrogen peroxide (20%) was used. Tooth sensitivity occurred in a transitory way and did not influence the tooth bleaching process. Significant differences in color were found after each of the two bleaching sessions. In-office tooth bleaching was considered an effective method for adolescents and young adults. Further studies in this population are necessary in order to fully evaluate the effects of bleaching in young teeth.

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