scholarly journals The Whitening Effect and Histological Safety of Nonthermal Atmospheric Plasma Inducing Tooth Bleaching

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4714
Author(s):  
Seoul-Hee Nam ◽  
Byul Bo Ra Choi ◽  
Gyoo-Cheon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Tooth Color

Various light sources have been applied to enhance the bleaching effect. This study was to identify the histological evaluation in oral soft tissues, as well as tooth color change after tooth bleaching by nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NAPP). Nine New Zealand adult female rabbits were randomly divided into three groups (n = 3): group 1 received no treatment; group 2 was treated with NAPP and 15% carbamide peroxide (CP), which contains 5.4% H2O2, and group 3 was treated with 15% CP without NAPP. Color change (ΔE) was measured using the Shade Eye NCC colorimeter. Animals were euthanized one day later to analyze the histological responses occurring in oral soft tissues, including pulp, gingiva, tongue, buccal mucosa, and hard and soft palates. Changes in all samples were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson’s trichrome. Teeth treated with plasma showed higher ΔE than that obtained with bleaching agents alone. Overall, the histological characteristics observed no appreciable changes. The combinational treatment of plasma had not indicated inflammatory responses as well as thermal damages. NAPP did not cause histological damage in oral soft tissues during tooth bleaching. We suggest that NAPP could be a novel alternative energy source to conventional light sources for tooth bleaching.

Laser Influence on Dental Sensitivity Compared to Other Light Sources Used During In-office Dental Bleaching: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 589-597
Author(s):  
BGS Casado ◽  
EP Pellizzer ◽  
JR Souto Maior ◽  
CAA Lemos ◽  
BCE Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meta Analyses

Clinical Relevance The use of laser light during bleaching will not reduce the incidence or severity of sensitivity and will not increase the degree of color change compared with nonlaser light sources. SUMMARY Objective: To evaluate whether the use of laser during in-office bleaching promotes a reduction in dental sensitivity after bleaching compared with other light sources. Methods: The present review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) and is registered with PROSPERO (CDR42018096591). Searches were conducted in the PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant articles published up to August 2018. Only randomized clinical trials among adults that compared the use of laser during in-office whitening and other light sources were considered eligible. Results: After analysis of the texts retrieved during the database search, six articles met the eligibility criteria and were selected for the present review. For the outcome dental sensitivity, no significant difference was found favoring any type of light either for intensity (mean difference [MD]: −1.60; confidence interval [CI]: −3.42 to 0.22; p=0.09) or incidence (MD: 1.00; CI: 0.755 to 1.33; p=1.00). Regarding change in tooth color, no significant differences were found between the use of the laser and other light sources (MD: −2.22; CI: −6.36 to 1.93; p=0.29). Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present study, laser exerts no influence on tooth sensitivity compared with other light sources when used during in-office bleaching. The included studies demonstrated that laser use during in-office bleaching may have no influence on tooth color change.

Correlation Among Methods to Measure Tooth Color in Clinical Trials Evaluating Tooth Bleaching

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Luis Faria-e-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Color Measurement ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Assessment Time ◽  
Shade Guide

<P>Objective: This study aimed to assess possible differences in results provided by two shade guides and a spectrophotometer used to measure the color changes during tooth bleaching. </P><P> Methods: Fifty-six patients underwent two sessions of in-office tooth bleaching with a 35% hydrogen peroxide with a week of an interval between them. The color evaluation was performed using shade match with two guide scales (Vita Classical, and Vita Bleach Guide) and a spectrophotometer providing CieLab data. The color was assessed at baseline and 7 days after each session, and 30 days after the last session. Data from scales were arranged in scores according to lightness (lowest to highest) and the color changes were calculated based on baseline data. For CieLab data, &#916;L, &#916;a, &#916;b, and &#916;E were calculated for each assessment time. Differences between the color changes observed in each session were assessed by Wilcoxon test (&#945; = 0.05). Friedman`s test and One-way repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyze color changes among the assessment times. Spearman`s test was used to evaluate the correlation between the shade guide scores and data from Cielab. </P><P> Results: All methods of color measurement demonstrated any additional effect of second bleaching session on color change, and stable color after 30 days (p < 0.001 for all methods). Both shade guide scales presented low correlation coefficients with &#916;L, and moderate coefficients with &#916;b, Δa, and &#916;E. </P><P> Conclusion: Despite the weak/ moderate correlation among the methods used to measure tooth color, all methods showed similar results of tooth bleaching effectiveness.</P>

scholarly journals A meta-analysis of ozone effect on tooth bleaching

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia Dietrich ◽  
Marcelo Dias Moreira de Assis Costa ◽  
Cauane Blumenberg ◽  
Gustavo G. Nascimento ◽  
Luiz Renato Paranhos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Conventional Technique ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Random Effect Models ◽  
Grade Approach

AbstractThis systematic review assessed the effectiveness of ozone (O3) in the color change of in-office tooth bleaching in vital teeth (TB) and the sensitivity control. Only randomized controlled clinical trials were included. Seven databases were used as primary search sources, and three additional sources were searched to capture the "grey literature" partially. The JBI tool was used to assess the risk of bias. TB was assessed using the ΔELab color change metric comparing tooth color pre- and post-bleaching. We meta-analyzed the ΔELab estimates per method and calculated the absolute standardized mean difference using random-effect models. The GRADE approach assessed the certainty of the evidence. The ΔELab estimates ranged from 1.28 when the O3 was used alone to 6.93 when combined with hydrogen peroxide (HP). Two studies compared O3 and HP alone, but their TB was similar (SMD = − 0.02; 95%CI: − 0.54; 0.49). The bleaching effectiveness for the combination of O3 + HP compared to HP was similar (SMD = 0.38; 95%CI: − 0.04; 0.81). Thus, based on the available literature, our findings suggest that O3 is not superior to the conventional technique using HP on the change of tooth color. The O3 did not present sensitivity when used alone. When O3 was used in combination with HP, patients reported hypersensitivity only when O3 was applied before HP, i.e., no sensitivity was perceived when O3 was applied after HP.

scholarly journals Photobiomodulation vs. Placebo on Post-Bleaching Sensitivity and Color Change: A Split-Mouth Clinical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-274
Author(s):  
Caroline C. de Silva ◽  
Cristiane de M. Alencar ◽  
Brennda L. F. de Paula ◽  
Fernanda F. de A. Jassé ◽  
Jesuína L. N. Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Low Level Laser Therapy ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Pain Evaluation ◽  
Level Laser ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of Photobiomodulation (PBM) with low-level LASER therapy compared to placebo in post-bleaching sensitivity and color change during a three-week office bleaching treatment. Methods: A split-mouth model was used to evaluate 21 subjects. The right and left hemi-archs were randomized to one of two groups: GP (placebo): simulated LASER application followed by tooth bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide; and GL: treated with PBM followed by tooth bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide. A four-degree modified Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to assess tooth sensitivity after the application of an evaporative stimulus (stimulated pain). In addition, a daily questionnaire was used to measure unstimulated pain. The color change was measured using a spectrophotometer. The Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used to analyze data sensitivity. Color results were statistically analyzed using Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey post-hoc test. Results: There was no significant difference between GP and GL for stimulated pain evaluation (p> 0.05). However, there was a significant difference between the groups for unstimulated pain evaluation (p≤ 0.05). In addition, ΔE data did not reveal any significant difference in tooth color between groups at any time (p> 0.05). Conclusion: PBM prevented post-bleaching sensitivity compared to placebo, based on the daily pain assessment questionnaires. PBM did not compromise the quality of bleaching treatments.

Is a Single Preliminary Session of In-office Bleaching Beneficial for the Effectiveness of At-home Tooth Bleaching? A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. E180-E189 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Vaez ◽  
ACC Correia ◽  
TR Santana ◽  
MLC Santana ◽  
AC Peixoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Preliminary Session ◽  
At Home

Summary Objectives: To evaluate the effect of combining in-office with at-home bleaching procedures in terms of the time required to obtain satisfactory tooth color, final color changes, and tooth sensitivity (TS) reported by patients. Methods and Materials: Twenty-six patients enrolled in this study used 10% carbamide peroxide in a bleaching tray for 1 h/d until satisfactory tooth color was obtained. One-half of the participants underwent a preliminary session of in-office tooth bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide for 45 minutes. The time in days for the patients to obtain satisfactory tooth color by at-home bleaching procedures was recorded. The color change of the maxillary canines was assessed using the Vita Bleachedguide 3D Master scale and a spectrophotometer at 1 week and after the end of bleaching procedures. Participants' satisfaction with their smile was recorded using a visual analog scale, and TS was determined throughout the entire treatment. Data were analyzed by t-test, Mann-Whitney test, or Fisher exact test (α=0.05). Results: The combined protocol reduced (by an average of 3.7 days) the time required to obtain satisfactory tooth color but increased the risk and level of TS. No difference in the final tooth color change (around 5.0 shade guide units; ΔE=11.6–14.9), or the level of patients' satisfaction with their smile, was observed. Conclusions: A preliminary session of in-office bleaching reduced the time necessary to obtain satisfactory tooth color with at-home bleaching but increased the risk and level of TS.

scholarly journals Effect of tooth enamel staining by coffee consumption during at-home tooth bleaching with carbamide peroxide

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Victor Frazão CÂMARA ◽  
Luine de Paiva Pereira Santos de SOUZA ◽  
Daniel Otero Amaral VARGAS ◽  
Isabel Ferreira BARBOSA ◽  
Gisele Damiana da Silveira PEREIRA
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Bleaching Procedure ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
At Home

Abstract Introduction Obtaining the result expected during tooth bleaching requires a correct diagnosis of the type of staining presented. The causes of tooth staining differ depending on the etiological factor. Objective To assess the color change caused by the immersion of bovine teeth in coffee solution during at-home tooth bleaching using a 16% carbamide peroxide gel. Material and method Thirty-three sound bovine teeth were assigned to three groups of eleven teeth each: 1 – Teeth bleached (TB) four hours per day for 21 days; 2 – TB four hours per day for 21 days and immersed in coffee solution immediately after tooth bleaching; 3 – TB four hours per day for 21 days and immersed in coffee solution four hours after the end of tooth bleaching. Immersed in coffee was performed for 15 minutes and tooth color was assessed before the start of the bleaching procedure and after 21 days with an intraoral spectrophotometer. Test Shapiro-Wilk was used to assess homoscedasticity and data were submitted to one-factor Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test (p <0.05). Result The color change observed in group 1 (5.76 ± 2.74)A was not statistically different from group 2 (8.83 ±5.11)A, which was immersed in coffee solution immediately after tooth bleaching, and from group 3, which was immersed in coffee solution four hours after tooth bleaching (8.20 ±3.71)A. Conclusion Coffee did not interfere with the tooth bleaching results, regardless of the time after the procedure. Hence, diet restrictions are not necessary during tooth bleaching.

Effectiveness of Light Sources on In-Office Dental Bleaching: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. E105-E117 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR SoutoMaior ◽  
SLD de Moraes ◽  
CAA Lemos ◽  
BC do E Vasconcelos ◽  
MAJR Montes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Meta Analyses

SUMMARY Objective: A systematic review and meta-analyses were performed to evaluate the efficacy of tooth color change and sensitivity of teeth following in-office bleaching with and without light gel activation in adult patients. Methods: This review was registered at PROSPERO (CRD 42017060574) and is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Electronic systematic searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were conducted for published articles. Only randomized clinical trials among adults that compared in-office bleaching with and without light activation with the same bleaching gel concentrations were selected. The outcomes were tooth color change and tooth sensitivity prevalence and intensity. Results: Twenty-three articles from 1054 data sources met the eligibility criteria. After title and abstract screening, 39 studies remained. Sixteen studies were further excluded. Twenty-three studies remained for qualitative analyses and 20 for meta-analyses of primary and secondary outcomes. No significant differences in tooth color change or tooth sensitivity incidence were found between the compared groups; however, tooth sensitivity intensity decreased when light sources were applied. Conclusion: The use of light sources for in-office bleaching is not imperative to achieve esthetic clinical results.

scholarly journals Impact of Microabrasion on the Effectiveness of Tooth Bleaching

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 612-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Evelyn Perete-de-Freitas ◽  
Paula Damasceno Silva ◽  
André Luis Faria-e-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Color Change ◽  
T Test ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Bleaching Procedure ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Paired T Test

Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of prior microabrasion on the teeth color change and tooth bleaching effectiveness. Eight sound molars were mesio-distally sectioned and the halves were randomly allocated to receive enamel microabrasion or non-abrasion (control) in one of surfaces (buccal or lingual), while the remaining surface received the other treatment. The tooth color on baseline was evaluated by spectrophotometer (CieL*a*b system). After the microabrasion procedure, the tooth color was measured again. Following, the specimens were bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide for two sessions with one-week interval. The color was re-evaluated 7 days after each section and 30 days after the second session. The effect of enamel microabrasion on color changes was evaluated by paired T-test. Deltas L*, a*, b*, and E were calculated and data submitted to 2-way repeated measure ANOVA followed by Tukey`s test. Paired T-test was also used to assess possible differences on the ultimate color achieved after tooth bleaching. Enamel microabrasion reduced the lightness and increased the redness of specimens. Specimens that received microabrasion presented higher values of ∆L* than control after each bleaching procedure; and higher ∆a* after the 2nd bleaching session. However, the prior enamel microabrasion did not affect the ultimate values of color parameters. Despite enamel microabrasion have modified the tooth color, this procedure did not affect the ultimate results achieved with tooth bleaching using a high-concentrated hydrogen peroxide.

Vital Tooth Whitening Techniques. A literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Chatterjee Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Tooth Whitening ◽  
Easy Method ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Dental Esthetics ◽  
Total Treatment Time ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Total Treatment

Background: Vital tooth whitening has become an integral part of esthetic dentistry and remains one of the safest and most economic options today to improve dental esthetics without removing tooth structure. The tooth whitening materials have evolved into three categories: dentist-prescribed/dispensed (in office and patient home-use), and over-thecounter purchased and applied by patients. Objective: This review outlines the latest advances in dentist prescribed vital teeth whitening techniques, effects on tooth structure, soft tissues, and dental restoratives. Areas requiring additional research are also discussed. Methods: Electronic and manual literature search was conducted for key words such as tooth bleaching, and dental bleaching techniques using PubMed/MEDLINE, followed by manual selection of the studies that included whitening procedures in vital teeth. Results: The two main whitening agents are carbamide peroxide (CP) and hydrogen peroxide (HP or H2O2) whose concentration, duration of contact, and total treatment time can alter results. In addition, factors including the type of stain, and age of patient can affect results. Although whitening agents can affect tooth structure, restorative materials, and gingival tissues, the changes are temporary or can be treated using minimally invasive techniques. Conclusion: Areas requiring further research include the actual mechanism of whitening, its effect on tooth structure and restorative materials, and the development of an easy method to quantitate the degree of whitening in the dental office.

scholarly journals Electrochemical treatment of ex vivo human abdominal skin and potential use in scar management: A pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 205951312098853
Author(s):  
Dana M Hutchison ◽  
Amir A Hakimi ◽  
Avin Wijayaweera ◽  
Soohong Seo ◽  
Ellen M Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Abdominal Skin ◽  
Electrochemical Therapy ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
Scar Management

Introduction: Scar treatments aim to address pathologic collagen deposition; however, they can be expensive or difficult to control. Electrochemical therapy (ECT) offers a simple alternative treatment. The purpose of this study is to examine the acid-base and histological changes in ex vivo human abdominal skin following ECT. Methods: Forty-two ex vivo human panniculus tissue sections collected from six individuals were tumesced with normal saline. ECT was performed by inserting two platinum needle electrodes connected to a DC power supply into each specimen. Voltage was varied (3–6 V) and applied for 5 minutes. Each specimen was sectioned across both electrode insertion sites and immediately stained with pH sensitive dye. The width of dye color change for each dosimetry pair was calculated. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate samples. Results and Discussion: ECT caused a spatially localised and dose-dependent increased area of acidic and basic pH around the anode and cathode, respectively. A significantly greater mean width of pH change was generated at the cathode compared to the anode in all treatment groups. Histological evaluation displayed broad condensation and hyalinisation of dermal collagen. Conclusion: ECT triggered dermal pH alterations and changed the underlying structural framework of the specimen. This technology may serve as a low-cost, minimally invasive local soft-tissue remodeling technique with potential application in scar management. Level of Evidence: 5 Lay Summary Electrochemical therapy is a novel treatment that causes spatially selective dermal injury in areas of interest. This study measures the effects of electrochemical therapy when applied to abdominal skin. Electrochemical therapy appears to have beneficial effects by causing a highly localised reduction in collagen content or local softening of tissue, which is consistent with other studies on scar therapies, including chemexfoliation, radiofrequency technologies, and lasers. However, electrochemical therapy can be performed at a fraction of the costs of these aforementioned modalities.

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