Potential Induced Radioactivity in Materials Processed with X-ray Energy Above 5 MeV

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (s3) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Hervé Michel ◽  
Thomas Kroc ◽  
Brian J. McEvoy ◽  
Deepak Patil ◽  
Pierre Reppert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Methods ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Test Results ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Material Test ◽  
Standard Assessment ◽  
Irradiation Process ◽  
Induced Radioactivity

Abstract Section 5.1.2 of ANSI/AAMI/ISO 11137-1 states that “the potential for induced radioactivity in product shall be assessed.” This article describes how compliance with this requirement may be achieved using qualified test methods. Materials of consideration are conceptually discussed, and results of testing conducted on products processed with a 7.5-MeV X-ray irradiation process are provided. As X-ray becomes more widely used in healthcare sterilization, having standard assessment protocols for activation coupled with a shared database of material test results will benefit manufacturers seeking to utilize this innovative technology.

scholarly journals MATERIAL TEST AND RESULTS ESTIMATION BY SAFETY INDEXES

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Mykola Mykyjchuk ◽  
◽  
Y. Rudyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Material Test ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Safety Systems

In the article, both the test method features and the test results of research of thermal behavior of steel fragment were analyzed. Two types of test conditions for steel construction material were considered. The definition and main features of measurement techniques were presented. Fire retardant material test results for steel plates with hydrogen combustion shown the limit of fire resistance of the tested samples is more than 30 min. The main advantages and disadvantages of the test were determined. The positive and negative aspects of this approach were analyzed. These techniques' effective thermal condition is in an environment of uncertainty and has no limited resources was established. Concepts and principles for establishing validity, and frameworks and methods for validating test methods and their results are important elements of safety systems. The article considers the safety of the technical component of a complex organizational and technical system with the study of the functional relationship between the safety elements parameters: temperature, time, fire retardant – by hydrogen participation.

Analisa Pengujian Repeatability Timbangan Elektronik dengan Metode Syarat Teknis Timbangan Non Otomatis dan Metode NMI Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-183
Author(s):  
Ponco Wali
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Repeat Testing ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Technical Requirements

Testing repeat electronic scales with non-automatic scales technical requirements so far is fairly long if not using a calculator or computer. The aim of this research is to compare the repeatability testing method of electronic scales using methods according to the technical requirements of non-automatic scales and the Australian NMI method, both of which refer to OIML R76 in determining the validity or cancellation of electronic scales repeatability testing. This research method is done through repeat testing on 3 samples of electronic scales, then on each electronic scale 2 test methods are performed. The conclusion is that the electronic scales repeatability testing uses the non-automatic scales technical requirements method and the Australian NMI method has some differences although both refer to OIML R76. These differences include several points, namely the charge used, the method of adding additions, the formula for determining electronic scales, and different test results. The Australian NMI method is deemed to make it easier and more time efficient compared to the non-automatic weighing technical requirements method.

Transient liquid phase bonding of Cu and Al using metallic particles interlayers

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440542098823
Author(s):  
Alireza Zaheri ◽  
Mohammadreza Farahani ◽  
Alireza Sadeghi ◽  
Naser Souri
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Transient Liquid Phase ◽  
Transient Liquid Phase Bonding ◽  
Joint Interface ◽  
Test Results ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metallic Particles ◽  
Powder Interlayer

The bonding strength, and microstructures of Cu and Al couples using metallic powders as interlayer during transient liquid phase bonding (TLP bonding) were investigated. The interfacial morphologies and microstructures were studied by scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. First, to explore the optimum bonding time and temperature, nine samples were bonded without interlayers in a vacuum condition. Mechanical test results indicated that bonding at 560°C in 20 min returns the highest bond strength (84% of Al). This bonding condition was used to join ten samples with powder interlayers. Powders were prepared by mixing different combinations of Cu, Al (+Fe nanoparticles) and Zn. In the bonding zone, different Cu9Al4, CuAl, and CuAl2 intermetallic co-precipitate. The strongest bonding is formed in the sample with the 70Al (+Fe)-30Cu powder interlayer. Powder interlayers present thinner and more uniform intermetallic layers at the joint interface.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Bleeding Resistance in Chip Seal and Asphalt Emulsion Residue Rheology

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 670
Author(s):  
Preeda Chaturabong
Keyword(s):  
Influence Factors ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Asphalt Emulsion ◽  
Aggregate Gradation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Chip Seal ◽  
Asphalt Emulsions

Chip seal bleeding is influenced by many factors, including design inputs, material properties, and project-specific conditions. It reduces the surface texture of the pavement and thus compromises the safety of the traveling public. Even though factors that bring about premature bleeding are known, currently, no laboratory test methods for evaluating bleeding in chip seals have been specified. The objective of this paper is to present the results of an investigation of the influence factors of asphalt emulsion residue properties measured by the ASTM D7405 multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) test, as well as other factors related to chip seal bleeding resistance as measured by the modified loaded wheel test (MLWT). In this study, the MSCR test was used as a tool for evaluating the performance of asphalt emulsions because it has been identified as a potential test related to bleeding in the field. In addition, MLWT was selected as a tool for evaluating chip seal bleeding performance in the laboratory. The results of the MLWT showed that the emulsion application rate (EAR), aggregate gradation, and emulsion properties were significant factors affecting bleeding. The MSCR test was found to be a promising tool for the performance evaluation of asphalt emulsion residue, as the test was able to differentiate between emulsion chemistries and modifications in terms of sensitivity to both temperature and stress. In relation to chip seal bleeding resistance, only the creep compliance (Jnr) obtained from the MSCR test results was identified as a significant property affecting potential for bleeding.

Shock Test and Acceleration Analysis Methods of Marine Diesel Engines to Underwater Explosions

2013 ◽  
Vol 345 ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
Jian Hua Zhao ◽  
Rui Bo Zhang ◽  
De Bin Zhu ◽  
Hong Bin Gao
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Vibration Signal ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Shock Acceleration ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Shock Test ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Reduction Methods ◽  
Acceleration Analysis

Shock test of marine diesel engine is the important content for ship anti-shock research. Plentiful shock tests of equipments have been carried out abroad, but there is no detailed test methods of diesel engine. According to simulation results, 8-channel acceleration test points are determined. Because diesel engine is working, the measured shock acceleration is interfered by vibration signal. Orthogonal wavelet decomposition and wavelet noise reduction methods are used to separate shock component from test results. The seperated shock component consists of two parts. One is the low-frequency part caused by the shock from diesel foundation and then attenuation through the isolator, the other is the high-frequency part caused by the secondary shock of the retainer.

Application of Small Punch Test to Evaluate Tensile Properties of SA213T22 Grade Boiler Steel

2015 ◽  
Vol 830-831 ◽  
pp. 191-194
Author(s):  
M. Venkateswara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Small Punch Test ◽  
Small Punch ◽  
Punch Test ◽  
Aging Phenomena

Conventional tensile test methods are used for service exposed high temperature boiler tubes to evaluate the deterioration in mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength and percentage elongation. The mechanical properties are required to be evaluated periodically as the boiler components undergo material degradation due to aging phenomena. The aging phenomena occurs due to continuous exposure of tubes to high temperature & pressure steam prevailing inside the tubes and high temperature exposure to corrosive combustible gases from the external surfaces within the boiler.A recent developed new technique called small punch testing has been used to evaluate the tensile properties of SA 213T22 grade steel predominantly exists in super-heater and re-heater sections of boiler. The small punch tests have been carried out on the miniature disk shaped specimens of diameter of 8.0 mm and 0.5 mm thickness extracted from both the new and service exposed tubes. Conventional uniaxial tensile tests on standard specimens from the same tube material have also been performed for comparison. The service exposed tubes showed considerable loss in mechanical properties in both the conventional and small punch test results. Correlations of tensile properties have been obtained based on the comparative analysis of both small punch and uniaxial tensile test results. Further, the study showed that an appropriate empirical relation could be generated for new and service exposed materials between both the techniques. Conventional test methods require large quantity of material removal for test samples from in-service components whereas small punch test method needs only a miniature sample extraction. This small punch test technique could also be extended to evaluate the thicker section boiler components such as pipelines and headers in the boiler as a part of remaining life assessment study. Also this technique could be a useful tool to any metallic component where large quantity of sample removal may be difficult or may not be feasible.

Inter-Bolt Variability of Cotton Duck #4 and the Effects on Cigarette Ignition Propensity Test Outcome

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Jupe ◽  
Donald K. Shipley ◽  
William Z. Hudson ◽  
Joseph T. Wanna ◽  
Linda C. Greear
Keyword(s):  
Test Methods ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Astm Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ignition Propensity

Two bolts of cotton duck fabric that meet military specifications and the purchasing guidelines described by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for use as a substrate in "Test Methods for Quantifying the Propensity of Cigarettes to Ignite Soft Furnishings" were tested with smoldering cigarettes to determine the effect of inter-bolt variations on cigarette ignition propensity test outcome. The test was designed around an ASTM method that calls for the control of all known test variables, except for those inherent to the fabric's manufacture. The ignitability of each fabric was determined by testing two sets of 48 replications for each of two experimental cigarettes. The two bolts of cotton duck fabric showed a statistically significant difference in ignitions, independent of environmental and experimental fac tors. Two additional bolts of cotton duck #4 were analyzed. Cigarette ignition test results and the physical parameters of the additional bolts offer evidence that the NIST specifications are difficult to meet and further that test results are extremely sensitive to fabric properties.

Development of 2012 Edition of JSME Code for Design and Construction of Fast Reactors: (4) Creep–Fatigue Evaluation Method for Modified 9Cr–1Mo Steel

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru Takaya ◽  
Yuji Nagae ◽  
Tai Asayama
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fast Reactors ◽  
Material Test ◽  
Creep Fatigue ◽  
Summation Rule ◽  
Fatigue Evaluation ◽  
Failure Life ◽  
Design And Construction

This paper describes a creep–fatigue evaluation method for modified 9Cr–1Mo steel, which has been newly included in the 2012 edition of the JSME code for design and construction of fast reactors. In this method, creep and fatigue damages are evaluated on the basis of Miner’s rule and the time fraction rule, respectively, and the linear summation rule is employed as the failure criterion. Investigations using material test results are conducted, which show that the time fraction approach can conservatively predict failure life if margins on the initial stress of relaxation and the stress relaxation rate are embedded. In addition, the conservatism of prediction tends to increase with time to failure. Comparison with the modified ductility exhaustion method, which is known to have good failure life predictability in material test results, shows that the time fraction approach predicts failure lives to be shorter in long-term strain hold conditions, where material test data is hardly obtained. These results confirm that the creep–fatigue evaluation method in the code has implicit conservatism.

Influence of loading rate on the capacity of a model pile in clay

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Displacement Transducer ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Point Load ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Normal Loading ◽  
Model Pile ◽  
Rate Of Loading

Loading tests were carried out on a model pile embedded in clay to examine the influence of rate of loading on the capacity of the pile. The pile was loaded to failure using constant rate of penetration (CRP), quick maintained loading (QML), and quick continuous loading (QCL) methods of loading. The QCL test models the Statnamic loading test, which has been recently developed in Canada. The CRP tests were used as a reference, and the results were normalized using the CRP test results. The durations of the QML and QCL tests varied from approximately 0.1 s to 17 min, which are significantly faster than normal loading rates. Applied loads and point load were measured using load cells, and top displacement was measured using a displacement transducer. The test results showed an increase in pile capacity with increased rate of loading. Damping was found to be significant for the QCL tests (duration = 0.1 s) and negligible for the QML tests (duration ≥ 10 s). Correcting the results of the QCL tests for damping, using the equilibrium point method developed for Statnamic testing, greatly improved the correlation of the QCL and QML test results. Key words : model piles, axial loading, loading rate, clay, laboratory study, test methods.

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