scholarly journals TERMS OF THE MENTAL LEXICON IN THE PROFESSIONAL AVIATION LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS

10.23856/4318 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
Halyna Yencheva ◽  
Tetiana Semyhinivska
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Technical Translation ◽  
Cognitive Work ◽  
Mental Space ◽  
Verbal Knowledge ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Simultaneous Identification

The present paper establishes the possibility of presenting the mental lexicon of a technical translator in the form of a classification frame that structures the terminological composition of scientific and technical language in the translation consciousness during the cognition of aviation reality. It is stated that the terms, which are the main means of fixation, accumulation and transfer of scientific knowledge, become the object of cognitive activity of the translator, who performs cognitive work on their accumulation and structuring in their own mental space to operate them during translation, which emphasizes the heuristic nature translation activities. At the same time, the linguistic component of the mental lexicon allows us to consider its structure, starting from the language itself. The paper attempts to present a mental lexicon within the framework of scientific and technical translation in the form of a set of frames that arrange the terminological structure of language in the mind of the translator as they learn the aviation reality. It is noted that in this case the main task is to show the possibilities of the frame in terms of accumulating and structuring the verbal knowledge about a particular aviation phenomenon or process, in English and Ukrainian with simultaneous identification of interlanguage equivalents.

scholarly journals IRRATIONAL AND RATIONAL RELIGIOUS IN SCIENTIFIC COGNITION

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Mykola Stadnyk
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Mystical Experience ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Religious Knowledge ◽  
Inner Experiences ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Theological Understanding ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Role Of Religion

In the article, the author reveals the metaphysical systems of the irrational justification for the existence of the supernatural. It is shown that diverse arguments in the protection of the supernatural are based on references to the limited and historical underdevelopment of human practice, the evidence of the presence of uncontrolled and therefore incomprehensible phenomena of nature, society and the human psyche. A characteristic feature of theological cognition is not systematic, but spontaneous, irrational at its basis. The process of cognition for Orthodox theologians involves the domination of faith and the silence of the mind. A similar understanding of the process of cognition and the role of science has changed over time. The logic of the structure of religious consciousness shows that the mind in this process plays only an auxiliary role along with the intuitively gained faith. With this understanding, the role of faith significantly increases and the role of knowledge diminishes and therefore thought of a person, his scientific search is completely ignored. At the same time, the idea that cognitive activity should be focused above all on the comprehension of God is embedded in the consciousness of a person. Under the influence of the growing role of science, theologians began to point out in some questions not only the possible combination of religion with scientific knowledge, but also to prove the beneficial influence of religion on science. In theological understanding, this indicates the leading role of religion in the emergence of science. The task of religion is the knowledge of the supernatural through the suggestion, conviction of people in its reality. Scientific knowledge strives for objective significance and maximum accuracy, excluding all personal and subjective. Religion not only recognizes subjectivism but also brings theological faith and inner experiences to the rank of criteria of truth. Science is characterized by dynamism and development. It relies on rational knowledge. Religion is conservative, static in nature. Its support is irrational consciousness. Science is based on experience. However, the basis of religion is a belief in supernatural, mystical experience. The comparative analysis of scientific and religious knowledge indicates that their purpose, methods and criteria of knowledge are essentially opposite.

scholarly journals Networks in the mind – what communities reveal about the structure of the lexicon

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-199
Author(s):  
László Kovács ◽  
András Bóta ◽  
László Hajdu ◽  
Miklós Krész
Keyword(s):  
Word Association ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Association Network ◽  
Community Structures ◽  
Associative Structure ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Agglutinative Language

Abstract The mental lexicon stores words and information about words. The lexicon is seen by many researchers as a network, where lexical units are nodes and the different links between the units are connections. Based on the analysis of a word association network, in this article we show that different kinds of associative connections exist in the mental lexicon. Our analysis is based on a word association database from the agglutinative language Hungarian. We use communities – closely knit groups – of the lexicon to provide evidence for the existence and coexistence of different connections. We search for communities in the database using two different algorithms, enabling us to see the overlapping (a word belongs to multiple communities) and non-overlapping (a word belongs to only one community) community structures. Our results show that the network of the lexicon is organized by semantic, phonetic, syntactic and grammatical connections, but encyclopedic knowledge and individual experiences are also shaping the associative structure. We also show that words may be connected not just by one, but more types of connections at the same time.

The First Computational Theory of Cognition

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-127
Author(s):  
Gualtiero Piccinini
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Body Problem ◽  
Digital Circuits ◽  
Finite Automata ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Computer Design ◽  
Computational Theory ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
The Mind

McCulloch and Pitts were the first to use and Alan Turing’s notion of computation to understand neural, and thus cognitive, activity. McCulloch and Pitts’s contributions included (i) a formalism whose refinement and generalization led to the notion of finite automata, which is an important formalism in computability theory, (ii) a technique that inspired the notion of logic design, which is a fundamental part of modern computer design, (iii) the first use of computation to address the mind–body problem, and (iv) the first modern computational theory of cognition, which posits that neurons are equivalent to logic gates and neural networks are digital circuits.

scholarly journals Constitutional Psychology as a Field of Scientific Knowledge and Cultural Phenomenon

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-140
Author(s):  
E.S. Anihkin ◽  
D.V. Kashirskiy
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
General System ◽  
Legal Development ◽  
Psychology And Law ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Legal Psychology ◽  
Psychological Knowledge ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind

The article focuses on the formation of a new scientific branch – constitutional psychology. Тwo articulated forms of constitutional psychology are justified: first, as a field of scientific knowledge that contains its own subject, objectives and research methods; second, as a cultural phenomenon which is observed at the level of the individual psychology and personality. The importance to distinguish these two capacities of constitutional psychology is underlined; their mismatch, mutual transitions and ontological unity is noted. The authors highlight the place of constitutional psychology as a theoretical construct in the general system of psychological knowledge, and, in particular, in the field of legal psychology. The attributes of Russian constitutional psychology as a cultural phenomenon expressed in the mind of a particular person are considered. The formation of constitutional psychology will contribute to a deeper understanding of problematiques on the edge of psychology and law fields, will facilitate extensive empirical research aimed at studying a wide spectrum of psychological phenomenology, which reflects actual constitutional-legal relations in personal mind. The results of this work will serve as a basis for meeting objectives of the national constitutional-legal development.

scholarly journals Errors Made by Kurdish Speaking Community in Erbil City

2018 ◽  
Vol 226 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Assist. Prof. Widad Sabir Shakir
Keyword(s):  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Speech Errors ◽  
Community Living ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Way

      Obviously all speakers make errors while speaking and thus producing utterances that are different from what one intended to produce. In this paper, the researcher tries to detect some of the speech errors and their kinds. These errors are made by the Kurdish speaking community living in Erbil city and speaking different Sorani dialects. The researcher also tries to show the importance of such errors in understanding the structure of the Kurdish language and the mental lexicon and the way this knowledge is stored in the mind of the Kurdish language speaker.

scholarly journals Students’ knowledge test control in Physics

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4 (129)) ◽  
pp. 143-149
Author(s):  
Natalia Shkatuliak ◽  
Iryna Zadorozhna
Keyword(s):  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Ideal Gas ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Educational Achievements ◽  
8Th Grade ◽  
Current Conductor ◽  
Parallel Conductor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Test Control

Controlling learners’ educational achievements in our time performs the most important function of learning. Scientists and methodologists argue that the test control of students’ academic achievement meets the requirements of quantitative and objective measurement of learners’ knowledge, skills and abilities. The relevance of the test controlling method of learners’ academic achievements is dictated also by the introduction of the independent external evaluation (IEE) as a final certification of school leavers. With the emergence of computer classes, the use of tests became available and appropriate. The use of computers in the testing process greatly enhances the benefits of this type of control. This paper is aimed at studying experimentally the impact of the controlling testing on enhancing learners’ educational achievements in Physics and managing learners’ cognitive activity. We have been prepared the system of test questions on the following topics: “We begin to study Physics”, “Mechanical work. Units of work”, “Power and its units”, “Electric current. Conductor Resistance”, “Serial and Parallel Conductor Connection”, “Ideal Gas Laws”, “Atomic Physics. Spectrums”. The tests were developed in order to identify the students’ acquisitions of the main issues constituting the educational material / programme, as opposed to revealing some amount of information from the learner's side. In our opinion, it is important for students to master the level of education that would become the basis for further self-improvement of their own education, their own opportunities to overcome the challenges that the life postures to him / her in today's society. Therefore, the main task while developing the test tasks was the formation of certain subject and life-oriented competences. We conducted a pedagogical experiment to introduce the test control of learners' knowledge in Physics. A series of lessons were conducted using the test survey in the experimental class, but no tests were used in the control class. Using the example of testing 8th grade schoolchildren in Physics it was detected that the use of a systematic test control of knowledge acquisition at corresponding lessons Physics allowed the students to demonstrate better knowledge of certain topics at sufficient and high levels. Keywords: testing control, learners’ self-educational competence in Physics, creative thinking.

scholarly journals Jean Aitchison, Words in the mind. An introduction to the mental lexicon. Blackwell, Oxford, 1987; 229 pp.

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma del Río
Keyword(s):  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
The Mind

Se reseñó el libro: Words in the mind. An introduction to the mental lexicon.

scholarly journals CURRENT PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES OF FORMATION NATURE AND ECOLOGICAL COMPETENCE OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Оshurkevych
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
The Creation

The current ecological state of the environment determines the relevance of environmental education for the younger generation. The problem of ecological upbringing of children of preschool age is considered in the researches of many scholars and teachers. Based on the study of scientific works, we identified three structural components of the formation of natural and ecological competence of preschool children: cognitive, activity and value-motivational. American scientists, studying the problem of children's attitude to nature, offer the concept of «biofilia» and «biophobia». The scientific approaches to the interpretation of the concept of «pedagogical technology» are generalized and formulated as the creation of an optimally organized educational process, developed on the basis of a systematic approach and aimed at the planned result. It is proved that for the formation of natural and ecological competence of preschool children, it is necessary to use traditional and non-traditional pedagogical technologies in order to implement systematic and targeted educational impact on children, using current methods. Studying the peculiarities of the formation of the ecological and natural competence of preschool children, the necessity of creation and proper use of developing ecological environment in pre-school establishments, organization of children's activities in nature, as well as systematic work with children was clarified. The experience of using pedagogical technologies for the ecological upbringing of preschool children, in particular the creation of an ecological footprint, the technology of regional studies and tourism activities, the experimental research activity of preschoolers in nature and the technology of using the author's fairy tale, which allows raising the level of ecological upbringing of preschoolers and forming the natural and ecological competence of a preschool child, is briefly highlighted. The analysis of the experience of using environmental technologies from different countries proves that the main task of preschool education is to promote environmental education and awareness of preschool children.

The “Policy Sciences”: Aspiration and Outlook

1952 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Kecskemeti
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Policy Science ◽  
Policy Sciences ◽  
Western Tradition ◽  
Original Meaning ◽  
Abstract Knowledge ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Policy Problems ◽  
The Ideal

The idea of “policy science” is not a new one. In fact, it is organic to the Western tradition. Its first, incomparable formulation is found in Plato's Republic; policy, the Platonic Socrates says, can be reasonable and sound only if it is based upon the fullness of scientific insight and knowledge. According to the Platonic conception, it is not even enough to apply scientific knowledge, gathered by specialists, to practical policy problems which the rulers are to decide. Rather, the rulers themselves must acquire all the scientific knowledge needed to frame reasonable policy. The duality of the “expert adviser” and of the “decision-maker” who merely listens to him is implicitly rejected in the Republic. The ruler himself must be the knower. For the decisive thing is not knowledge in the abstract, knowledge as something impersonally available and ready to be picked up; it is knowledge conceived as the quality of a soul. According to the Platonic (and Aristotelian) view, knowledge is not an alien material “contained” in the mind, but the “form,” the ideal essence of the mind itself, so that a mind that knows belongs to a different species than the mind that lacks knowledge. In acquiring knowledge, the mind becomes essentially transformed, it acquires a new form; this is the original meaning of the term “information.” In its Platonic sense, then, the idea of “policy science” refers to the soul of the ruler, which must be the highest species of soul.

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