scholarly journals The History of the Hippocratic Oath: Outdated, Inauthentic, and Yet Still Relevant

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Hulkower
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Western Medicine ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Hippocratic Oath ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Traditional Form ◽  
Historical Importance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hippocratic Tradition

Nearly all medical schools incorporate some form of professional medical oath into their graduation ceremo- nies. The oldest and most popular of these oaths is the Hippocratic Oath, composed more than 2,400 years ago. In modern times, especially during the twentieth century, the Hippocratic Oath has had its content changed and its authorship challenged. This article discusses the history of the Hippocratic Oath from its traditional form to its modern adaptations. Additionally, this article seeks to explain the Hippocratic Oath’s endurance despite these challenges, based upon the historical importance of Hippocrates and the Hippocratic tradition in Western medicine. 

scholarly journals Public Health: Socio-Political History of a People

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Samuel Adu-Gyamfi ◽  
Aminu Dramani ◽  
Kwasi Amakye-Boateng ◽  
Sampson Akomeah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Western Medicine ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Public ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
History Of

<p>This study focuses on the transformations that have characterised public health in Asante. The study highlights the changes that have occurred in the traditional public health which include the use of roots, leaves, back of trees and spiritualities’ as well as the colonial administration’s introduction of modern or western medicine and post-colonial inheritance. The domination of Asante from 1902-1957 by the British influenced the public health in Asante. This necessitated the introduction of western medicine, which included the building of hospitals and clinics and training of physicians to cater for the sick. Post-colonial Ghana after 1957saw a new direction in public health in Asante it ensured continuity and change. However, of the all the successes of traditional medicine and its importance even in modern times, an in-depth study of this subject has not received attention for the benefit of academia and society. It is critical to turn back, consider how public health was ensured in the first half of the twentieth century and balance it with modern practices. This will help us draw necessary lessons for modern society. This study, therefore, does a retrospective analyses/narrative on the accessibility and equitability of health to all citizens of Ghana and Asante in particular within the twentieth century and to further access the continuity and change over time.   </p>

Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe Reloaded?

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan-Ludwig Hoffmann ◽  
Kathrin Kollmeier ◽  
Willibald Steinmetz ◽  
Philipp Sarasin ◽  
Alf Lüdtke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Conceptual History ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Concepts ◽  
Basic Concepts

Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe Reloaded? Writing the Conceptual History of the Twentieth Century Guest editors: Stefan-Ludwig Hoffmann and Kathrin KollmeierIntroduction Stefan-Ludwig Hoffmann and Kathrin KollmeierSome Thoughts on the History of Twentieth-Century German Basic Concepts Willibald SteinmetzIs a “History of Basic Concepts of the Twentieth Century“ Possible? A Polemic Philipp SarasinHistory of Concepts, New Edition: Suitable for a Better Understanding of Modern Times? Alf LüdtkeReply Christian Geulen

scholarly journals Soviet Modernity: Stephen Kotkin and the Bolshevik Predicament

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA KRYLOVA
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Master Narratives ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Collective Property ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way

‘Modernity’ has long been a working category of historical analysis in Russian and Soviet studies. Like any established category, it bears a history of its own characterised by founding assumptions, conceptual possibilities and lasting interpretive habits. Stephen Kotkin's work has played a special role in framing the kind of scholarship this category has enabled and the kind of modernity it has assigned to twentieth-century Russia. Kotkin's 1995Magnetic Mountainintroduced the concept of ‘socialist modernity’. His continued work with the concept in his 2001Kritikaarticle ‘Modern Times’ and his 2001Armageddon Avertedmarked crucial moments in the history of the discipline and have positioned the author as a pioneering and dominant voice on the subject for nearly two decades. Given the defining nature of Kotkin's work, a critical discussion of its impact on the way the discipline conceives of Soviet modernisation and presents it to non-Russian fields is perhaps overdue. Here, I approach Kotkin's work on modernity as the field's collective property in need of a critical, deconstructive reading for its underlying assumptions, prescribed master narratives, and resultant paradoxes.

scholarly journals Évolution de la conscience morale hippocratique

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-139
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Szałata
Keyword(s):  
Hippocratic Oath ◽  
Ethical Practice ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Christian Anthropology ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
Science Session ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hippocratic Tradition

This article is written in French. The article is a presentation of a lecture delivered on the International Science Session “Ethics, Finances and Responsibility”, which took place on October the 3rd and 4th, 2008 in Chateau de Bossey near Geneva. Searching for sources of ethic thoughts connected with difficult moral problems of the contemporary world, the author deals with the oldest, well known writing about the ethical practice of medicine, the Hippocratic Oath. Presenting the plenteous, philosophical- ethical contents of the Oath and the history of the growth on it the Hippocratic tradition enriched in experience of the Christian anthropology, the author identifies its norms and rules. Unfortunately, since the Enlightenment times, especially the nineteenth century Positivism the tradition has been seriously disturbed. Together with the questioning the Aristotelean-Thomism anthropology, the doubts appeared related to the matter of protection of life since the conception until the natural death. Whereas new, legal regulations connected with the progress of in medical studies request deep anthropological and philosophical reflection, which would bring back the importance of the forgotten Hippocratic tradition, where in the center of medical actions is a man who needs help.

The Littlehampton Libels

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Hilliard
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Criminal Trials ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
History Of ◽  
Police Detective ◽  
The Relationship

This book reconsiders the workings of literacy and law in everyday life in early twentieth-century Britain. It does so through an analysis of an extraordinary criminal case from the 1920s—a poison-pen mystery that led to a miscarriage of justice and four criminal trials. The case, which unfolded in the coastal Sussex town of Littlehampton, proved as difficult to the police and the lawyers involved as any capital crime. Yet the offence in question was not murder, but libel, a crime involving words. So when a leading Metropolitan Police detective was tasked with solving the case, he questioned the residents of Littlehampton about their neighbours’ vocabularies, how often they wrote letters, what their handwriting was like, whether they swore. He assembled an ethnographic archive of working-class literacy. This book uses the materials generated by the investigation and the legal proceedings to examine, first, the variety of language used in working-class communities, and, second, the ways working-class people engaged with the legal system and vice versa. The four trials illustrate questions of access to justice; the relationship between respectability and credibility as a witness; and the largely forgotten history of criminal libel in modern times.

Hanbang Healing for the World: The Eastern Medicine Renaissance in 1930s Japan-ruled Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Flowers
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Western Medicine ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Effective Resistance ◽  
Colonial Medicine ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Japanese Colonial

Abstract The story of the 1930s Eastern Medicine Renaissance in Korea is an unusual case in the history of colonial medicine. Responding to Japanese colonial rule that began in the first decade of the twentieth century, a few thousand Korean physicians of Eastern medicine complied with the new registration requirements, but they turned that compliance into effective resistance. By organising conferences, publishing journals and books, and through the new medium of advertising, the physicians refuted Japanese official arguments of the superiority of Western medicine. The Koreans flipped on its head the Japanese rhetorical argument of Koreans and Japanese as one body (with the Japanese as ‘the head’) and persuaded the Japanese that they could learn from Korean medical practices. Flipping the Japanese trope of Korean weakness upside down, Koreans thereby used their version of Eastern medicine to demonstrate Korean strength.

scholarly journals Mythos of the North Pole: The Top of the World

Nordlit ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susi K. Frank
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
North Pole ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Hierarchical Order ◽  
The North ◽  
Static Image ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Different Cultures

<p align="LEFT">Not a few early twentieth-century cultural histories conceive of the development of humanity in modern times as a northward shift of the civilizational centre. In this thinking, they transform into narrative and geography the static image of a cosmos constructed along one axis of the globe, based on the Christian story of salvation. In this notion of the cosmos, with its upward-oriented vertical axis understood as a sign of hierarchical order, these histories refer back to a global symbolic legacy with origins in the cosmologies of very different cultures: the idea of the world as a mountain, the world with a mountain and a summit at its centre. In my article I trace the history of this image and its visualization from European antiquity onto the peak of heroic modernism in the first half of the twentieth century. In conclusion I ask what kind of transformation this image underwent to survive in our (still) post-heroic times.</p>

Samaritan Tabernacle Drawings

Numen ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-68
Author(s):  
Reinhard Pummer
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Present State ◽  
Continuous Line ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
History Of ◽  
Byzantine Period ◽  
End Times ◽  
Cross Fertilization ◽  
Artistic Tradition

AbstractDrawings of the Israelite tent sanctuary, the Tabernacle, and its implements are the main expression of representional art among the Samaritans. They are based on the descriptions in Exodus and are expressions of central tenets of the Samaritan faith—belief in the special status of Moses, in the Tabernacle as the only legitimate sanctuary in the history of Israel, and in the end times for which the restoration of the Tabernacle is expected. The paper is an attempt to probe the question of the age of the Samaritan tradition of depicting the Tabernacle in different media.Archaeological excavations have revealed synagogue mosaics and clay lamps from the Byzantine period that represent various elements of this artistic tradition. However, the main specimens date from the early sixteenth to the early twentieth century. It is these representations, executed on metal, cloth, parchment and paper, which are the focus of this article. The discussion is based on an examination of all extant and publicly accessible samples (see the Inventory at the end of this article).A great chronological and artistic gap separates the representations on the mosaics and oil lamps of the Byzantine period from the drawings of modern times. No continuous line exists between the two groups. The parchment in Moscow that allegedly dates from 32 A.H., i.e., 652/653 C.E., must be assigned to a much later period.There are obvious similarities of the Samaritan drawings with Jewish representations of the Tabernacle/Temple, yet it is impossible to identify a time or place where cross-fertilization may have taken place.At the present state of our knowledge, therefore, neither the mosaics from the Byzantine period nor the similarities with Jewish representations enable us to determine the time at which the Samaritan tradition of making Tabernacle drawings may have originated. It is probable, though, that the tradition had its beginnings well before the oldest extant samples from the early sixteenth century.

scholarly journals “They Remembered That They Had Seen It in a Jewish Midrash”: How a Samaritan Tale Became a Legend of the Jews

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 635
Author(s):  
Steven Fine
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Jewish Studies ◽  
Jewish Literature ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Scholarship ◽  
Belles Lettres ◽  
Rare Instance

This article relates the transmission history of a single Samaritan text and its fascinating trajectory from a Samaritan legend into early modern rabbinic tradition, and on to nineteenth and early twentieth century Jewish studies circles. It focuses on the only Samaritan narrative cited in all of Louis Ginzberg’s monumental Legends of the Jews (1909–1938). Often called the “Epistle of Joshua son of Nun,” I trace the trajectory of this story from a medieval Samaritan chronicle to Samuel Sulam’s 1566 publication of Abraham Zacuto’s Sefer Yuḥasin. From there, we move to early modern belles lettres in Hebrew and Yiddish, western scholarship and then to the great Jewish anthologizers of the fin de siècle, Micha Yosef Berdyczewski, Judah David Eisenstein and Louis Ginzberg. I will suggest reasons why this tale was so appealing to Sulam, a Sephardi scholar based in Istanbul, that he appended it to Sefer Yuḥasin, and what about this tale of heroism ingratiated it to early modern European and then early Zionist readers. The afterlife of this tale is a rare instance of Samaritan influence upon classical Jewish literature, undermining assumptions of unidirectional Jewish influence upon the minority Samaritan culture from antiquity to modern times.

Folk Music and the Modern State

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Harris
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Folk Music ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Social Reforms ◽  
Ritual Music ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
History Of ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
And Control

This chapter examines the changes in Sibe folk music during modern times in China. It traces the brief history of musical reforms and the use of music in social reforms in Çabçal in the twentieth century from the restrictions of the Cultural Revolution to the contemporary soundscape. The chapter considers Sibe shamanic ritual music on the national stage and the state of contemporary shamanic ritual in Çabçal. It argues that although a great deal of energy has been devoted to the reform and control of Sibe folk music in the twentieth century, wider issues of social change brought about by the Chinese Community Party (CCP) have played the decisive role in the changing patterns of musical behaviour and the impoverishment of Sibe folk music over the past few decades.

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