scholarly journals STUDI PENDAHULUAN DAERAH PENYEBARAN, POPULASI, DAN HABITAT BETET JAWA

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
W. Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Evergreen Forests ◽  
Preliminary Study

On April and September 2006, preliminary study to know the distribution, population status and habitat of the Javan moustached parakeets (Psittacula alexandri alexandri Linnaeus 1758) were conducted in the Baluran and Alas Purwo National Parks (East Java) and in the Tilu Geder Mountain Forests and in the Darmaga IPB Campus Parks (West Java). Direct and indirect observations were used in this research. The results are found only 2 individuals of birds in the Darmaga IPB Campus Parks. However, 45 species of plants were recorded as the natural food resources for the Javan moustached parakeets in the fields. Almost 60 percent parts of plants i.e., fruits were food by birds, even if those birds are more frugivorous. Some species of plants were known as the nesting trees for the species, namely: Tectona grandis, Acacia lecophloea, Azadirachta indica, Tetrameles nudiflora and Eucalyptus deglupta. The Javan moustached parakeets have needed mangrove forests, beach forests, evergreen forests and old teak forests for their activities. The population and their habitat of javan parakeets are threatened by forest fragmentation effects and over hunting.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF AIR POLLUTION TOLERANCE INDEX OF PLANTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aasawari A. Tak ◽  
Umesh B. Kakde
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Acacia Nilotica ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Cassia Fistula ◽  
Pollution Tolerance ◽  
Air Pollution Tolerance Index

Objective: Air pollution is one of the major global tribulations in many developing cities around the world. Addressing this sort of pollution is more intricate than other ecological challenges. As pollution is an upcoming issue, we aimed at assessing the air pollution tolerant plants from roadside exposed to vehicular air pollution from two different locations in Thane city.Methods: In the present study, commonly available ten roadside tree species selected from polluted and control area, and their air pollution tolerance index (APTI) determined in Thane city. The biochemical parameters viz. pH, ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll, relative water content (RWC) were considered to calculate APTI by using standard method.Results: The study shows that the control site has more APTI than the polluted site. The APTI observed minimum in Tectona grandis 5.2±0.3247 and maximum in Azadirachta indica 13.5±0.4404. Reduction in APTI at polluted site shows that Alstonia scholaris (6.6%), Tamarindus indica (8.8%) and Azadirachta indica (10.3%) were the most tolerant tree species, while Tectona grandis (47.5%), Acacia nilotica (27.4%) and Cassia fistula (20.7%) were more sensitive tree species. The results showed the order of tolerance (% difference in APTI) as Alstonia scholaris (6.6%)>Tamarindus indica (8.8%)>Azadirachta indica (10.3%)>Moringa pterygosperma (11.9%)>Mangifera indica (13.9%)>Bahunia variegate (14.3%)>Annona squamosa (18.7%)>Cassia fistula (20.7%)>Acacia nilotica (27.4%)>Tectona grandis (47.5%).Conclusion: Tolerant trees species can serve as a sink, and sensitive tree species can act as an indicator for air pollution mitigation. Thus, this study provides useful insights for selecting tolerant species for future planning and Greenbelt development in urban areas.

scholarly journals Population Status and Distribution of Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) in Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishnu P Thapaliya ◽  
Madhav Khadka ◽  
Hemanta Kafley
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Gavialis Gangeticus

Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus), biological treasure of the Indian subcontinent now restricts its existence in few big river systems of India and Nepal only. Innumerable threats posed to Gharial and its natural habitat led to extinction of the species from Bhutan, Burma and Pakistan and almost extinct from Bangladesh. Despite of the concerted Gharial conservation effort of Nepal and India since midtwentieth century, the species finds its status as Critically Endangered on the IUCN 2007 Red list. Realizing the fact that a basic step in any conservation plan involving mega herpetofauna is to estimate its population status and structure and its geographic distribution, Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC) and World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Nepal held Gharial census on January-February 2008. The census estimated a total of 81 Gharials in Nepal. Out of total Gharial recorded during the census, 70 Gharials were recorded through direct sighting while 11 were based on indirect observations. Factors responsible for decreasing Gharial population were flood and dam construction, habitat destruction and decline in food quality & quantity. Over fishing, use of gill nets and river poisoning adversely affected the quality and quantity of fishes that serve as main food for Gharial. Contradictory to the past findings decreasing Gharial population was not attributed to the illegal egg collection and poaching of male Gharial for "Ghara". Deliberate killing was only found to take place in case the animal got entrapped in fishing nets. We conclude that Gharial should receive high conservation priority in future too. Efforts to restore the population through artificial breeding have much to do for maintaining present population. However, declining population, despite of several Gharial releases, should be addressed through more detailed scientific study. Census should be based on direct sighting through extensive field observation. Gharial release should precede scientific field study for assessing habitat suitability and follow with intensive monitoring program. The emphasis should be given for preparing specific Gharial Conservation Action Plan for regulating conservation activities to help conserve Gharial in Nepal. Key Words: Gharial conservation, Population status, Captive breeding, Threats DOI: 10.3126/init.v3i0.2422 The Initiation Vol.3 2009 p.1-11

scholarly journals Effect of Silvofishery on Ponds Nutrient Levels (Pengaruh Silvofishery Terhadap Kandungan Nutrien di Tambak)

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ida Sunaryo Purwiyatno ◽  
Fitri Agustriani
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Purposive Sampling

Taman Nasional Sembilang merupakan salah satu taman nasional yang terletak di Sumatera Selatan dan menjadi kawasan mangrove terbesar di barat Indonesia. Sebagian besar wilayah mangrovenya telah mengalami alih fungsi menjadi tambak pasang surut. Hal ini menyebabkan timbulnya kekhawatiran kerusakan mangrove di taman nasional. Salah satu upaya untuk mempertahankan wilayah mangrove adalah dengan melakukan sistem silvofishery, yaitu penanaman mangrove dan budidaya bandeng dilakukan secara bersamaan di tambak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kualitas air dan kondisi nutrien di tambak di daerah restorasi silvofishery di Taman Nasional Sembilang. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling di tambak silvofishery, tambak non-silvofishery, dan badan air sungai di seluruh wilayah taman nasional. Pengukuran dilakukan terhadap parameter kualitas air dan kandungan nutrien khususnya nitrat dan fosfat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kehadiran tanaman mangrove di daerah tambak mampu memperbaiki kandungan oksigen dan pH air tambak. Mangrove juga menunjukkan kemampuan dalam mengikat nitrat yang secara tidak langsung akan mencegah air tambak dari polusi. Namun, kandungan fosfat tinggi menunjukkan bahwa tanaman mangrove muda di wilayah restorasi belum mampu mengikat nutrien ini secara signifikan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hutan mangrove sangat bermanfaat bagi kegiatan budidaya tambak karena kemampuannya dalam menyerap polutan nutrient. Kata kunci: silvofishery; kolam; nitrat; fosfat; Taman Nasional Sembilang Sembilang National Park is one of the national parks which is located in South Sumatera and became the largest mangrove area in western Indonesia. Most of the mangroves area in this national park has been experiencing conversion to be tidal ponds. This has resulted in concerns on mangrove forest destruction in the park. One of the efforts to maintain mangroves area is by applying silvofishery system, which is mangrove planting and cultivation of milkfish in ponds performed simultaneously. This study aims to investigate the water quality and nutrient condition in the ponds in the area of silvofishery restoration at Sembilang National Park. The study was conducted by purposive sampling method in the silvofishery ponds, non-silvofishery ponds, and river water bodies throughout the park. Measurements conducted on water quality parameters and nutrient content, especially nitrate and phosphate. The results showed that the presence of mangrove in the ponds area is able to improve the oxygen content and pH of pond water. Mangroves also demonstrated the ability to bind nitrates which indirectly will prevent the pond water from pollution. However, the high phosphorus content showed that young mangrove plants in the restoration area have not been able to significantly bind the of this nutrient. The results of this study showed that mangrove forests are very beneficial for aquaculture activities because of its ability to absorb nutrient pollutants. Keywords: silvofishery; ponds; nitrate; phosphate; Sembilang National Park

A Strategy for Conserving the Biodiversity of the Uttara Kannada District in South India

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Ranjit Daniels ◽  
M. D. Subash Chandran ◽  
Madhav Gadgil
Keyword(s):  
Rural Economy ◽  
South India ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Sacred Groves ◽  
Evergreen Forests

Taking the various values ascribed to biodiversity as its point of departure rather many years ago, the present study aims at deriving a conservation strategy for Uttara Kannada. This hilly district, with the highest proportion of its area under forests in South India, is divided into five ecological zones: coastal, northern evergreen, southern evergreen, moist deciduous, and dry deciduous. The heavily-populated coastal zone includes mangrove forests and estuarine wetlands. The evergreen forests are particularly rich in the diversity of plant species which they support — including wild relatives of a number of cultivated plants. They also serve a vital function in watershed conservation. The moist deciduous forests are rich in bird species; both moist and dry deciduous forests include a number of freshwater ponds and lakes that support a high diversity of aquatic birds.Reviewing the overall distribution of biodiversity, we identify specific localities — including estuaries, evergreen forests, and moist deciduous forests — which should be set aside as Nature reserves. These larger reserves must be complemented by a network of traditionally-protected sacred groves and sacred trees that are distributed throughout the district and that protect today, for instance, the finest surviving stand of dipterocarp trees.We also spell out the necessary policy-changes in overall development strategy that should stem the ongoing decimation of biodiversity. These include (1) revitalizing community-based systems of sustainable management of village forests and protection of sacred groves and trees; (2) reorienting the usage-pattern of reserve forests from production of a limited variety of timber and softwood species for industrial consumers, to production of a larger diversity of non-wood forest produce of commercial value to support the rural economy; (3) utilizing marginal lands under private ownership for generating industrial wood supplies; and (4) provision of incentives for in situ maintenance of land-races of cultivated plants — especially evergreen, fruit-yielding trees — by the local people.It is proposed that this broad framework be now taken to the local communities, and that an action-plan be developed on the basis of inputs provided — and initiatives taken — by them.

OCCURRENCE OF INTERCELLULAR SPACES IN CAMBIAL RAYS KISHORE S. RAJPUT

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishore S. Raiput ◽  
K. S. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Cambial Cells

Large intercellular spaces were found in uniseriate as well as multiseriate cambial rays of Tectona grandis L., Azadirachta indica A. Juss., and Tamarindus indica L. During the period when the cambium is inactive, some of the ray cambial cells became oval to circular, resulting in the development of intercellular spaces. However, the cells were polygonal and compactly arranged during active growth of the cambium. Similarly, such spaces were also noticed in the rays of phloem and xylem. The occurrence of intercellular spaces in cambial rays is correlated with the phenology of trees and local climatic factors, and their possible significance is discussed.

scholarly journals Status of Nahan’s Partridge Ptilopachus nahani (Dubois, 1905) (Aves: Galliformes: Odontophoridae) in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 17063-17076
Author(s):  
Eric Sande ◽  
Sisiria Akoth ◽  
Ubaldo Rutazaana ◽  
William Olupot
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Density Estimates ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Point Count Method

We carried out a survey of Nahan’s Partridge Ptilopachus nahani in the Ugandan forests of Mabira, Bugoma, and Budongo from December 2016 to December 2017, using a point count method employing a call playback technique.  The aim was to establish the population status of this globally threatened species, which was last surveyed in 2003.  Separate analyses of the number of groups per point and those involving use of the Distance Program yielded the same density estimates, indicating that either method reliably estimates the density of the species.  The density estimates for the three reserves were 31.6, 25.2, and 13.3 groups per km2 for Bugoma, Budongo, and Mabira forest reserves, respectively.  In the last 14 years, it appears that the density of the species for Uganda has increased from 16.3 to 23.4 groups per km2, which when extrapolated translates to 16,000 and 23,000 groups, respectively.  This represents a 44% increase in density, or a group growth rate of 450 per year.  The lowest density and population increment was registered in Mabira and we attribute this to the apparently high incidence of disturbance and degradation of this forest compared to the other two.  Since Mabira, Bugoma, and Budongo are the only remaining large tropical rainforest reserves in Uganda, strengthening their conservation or upgrading their conservation status to national parks is required to save the species.

scholarly journals Preliminary research on environmental literacy and conservation toward eco-tourism through the community learning centre

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-155
Author(s):  
Budiyono Saputro ◽  
Fadhil Ardhiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Environmental Literacy ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Learning Center ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Community Learning ◽  
Community Learning Center ◽  
The North ◽  
Preliminary Study

Coastal abrasion has caused the destruction of the mangrove forest in Mojo Pemalang Village. Thus, a preliminary study of communities’ literacy about conservation at Mojo Village, Pemalang, was required to develop the potential of mangrove forest ecotourism. This study aimed to understand the fishermen’s literacy about conservation at Mojo Village, Pemalang related with the development of mangrove forest ecotourism through the Community Learning Center (CLC). The type of research was qualitative descriptive. The research subjects were fishermen in Mojo Village, Pemalang, Central Java, Indonesia. The results of a preliminary study of six indicators of environmental literacy and conservation developed by the North American Association for Environmental Education (2011) and Rush et al. (1999) are as follows: ecological knowledge = 6.02%, verbal commitment = 6.02%, environmental sensitivity = 6.02%, identification = 12.04%, issue analysis = 6.02%, and real commitment = 6.02%. The overall percentage was 42.14% and was included in the low category. The results of the preliminary study indicated that Mojo fishing communities’ literacy about conservation of the environment towards mangrove forests still needed to be improved. A solution suggested based o the results of a preliminary study was the implementation of mangrove ecotourism Community Learning Center (CLC), conducted through several pieces of training, including conservation training, education training, tourism training, and economic training.

scholarly journals Carbon stocks of mangroves and salt marshes of the Amazon region, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 20180208 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Boone Kauffman ◽  
Angelo F. Bernardino ◽  
Tiago O. Ferreira ◽  
Leila R. Giovannoni ◽  
Luiz Eduardo de O. Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Evergreen Forests ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon ◽  
Soil Carbon Stocks ◽  
High Tidal Range ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon Stocks

In addition to the largest existing expanse of tropical forests, the Brazilian Amazon has among the largest area of mangroves in the world. While recognized as important global carbon sinks that, when disturbed, are significant sources of greenhouse gases, no studies have quantified the carbon stocks of these vast mangrove forests. In this paper, we quantified total ecosystem carbon stocks of mangroves and salt marshes east of the mouth of the Amazon River, Brazil. Mean ecosystem carbon stocks of the salt marshes were 257 Mg C ha −1 while those of mangroves ranged from 361 to 746 Mg C ha −1 . Although aboveground mass was high relative to many other mangrove forests (145 Mg C ha −1 ), soil carbon stocks were relatively low (340 Mg C ha −1 ). Low soil carbon stocks may be related to coarse textured soils coupled with a high tidal range. Nevertheless, the carbon stocks of the Amazon mangroves were over twice those of upland evergreen forests and almost 10-fold those of tropical dry forests.

scholarly journals Open garbage dumps near protected areas in Uttarakhand: an emerging threat to Asian Elephants in the Shivalik Elephant Reserve

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 16571-16575
Author(s):  
Kanchan Puri ◽  
Ritesh Joshi ◽  
Vaibhav Singh
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Wildlife Protection ◽  
Asian Elephants ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Elephant Population ◽  
Proper Disposal

Waste dumping sites near protected areas are a growing issue, which may affect the activities and behaviour of wildlife, more than what we notice.  Here, we present two of our case studies, where Asian Elephants were found feeding at garbage dumps in Haridwar and Ramnagar forest divisions in the Shivalik Elephant Reserve in Uttarakhand State.  Since garbage dumps may spread bacterial infection and induce adverse changes in the health conditions of the elephant population, we draw the attention of planners to develop a plan of action for proper disposal of the garbage through these preliminary observations, without affecting protected areas and wildlife species, including elephants.  Moreover, collection of data on the presence of garbage dumps across the reserve and a study on the behavioural responses of scavenging and non-scavenging animals visiting the dumps would give us a better understanding of the level of impact of garbage dumps for disposal planning. It is to emphasize that garbage does not constitute a part of natural food for elephants. There are restrictions and guidelines in the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972, Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 and Guidelines for Declaration of Eco-Sensitive Zones around National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries.   

scholarly journals Fragmentation disrupts the seasonality of Amazonian evergreen forests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus Nunes ◽  
José Luís Camargo ◽  
Grégoire Vincent ◽  
Kim Calders ◽  
Rafael Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Terrestrial Lidar ◽  
Evergreen Forests ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Climate Interactions ◽  
Amazonian Forests

Abstract Predictions of the magnitude and timing of leaf phenology in Amazonian forests remain highly controversial, which limits our understanding of future ecosystem function with a changing environment. Here, we use biweekly terrestrial LiDAR surveys spanning wet and dry seasons in Central Amazonia to show that plant phenology of old-growth forests varies strongly across strata but that this seasonality is sensitive to disturbances arising from forest fragmentation. In combination with continuous microclimate measurements, we found that when maximum daily temperatures reached 35 °C in the latter part of the dry season, the upper canopy of large trees in undisturbed forests shed their leaves and branches. By contrast, the understory greens-up with increased light availability driven by the upper canopy loss alongside more sunlight radiation, even during periods of drier soil and atmospheric conditions. However, persistently high temperatures on forest edges exacerbated the upper canopy losses of large trees throughout the dry season, and the understory seasonality in these light-rich environments was disrupted as a result of the altered canopy structure. These findings demonstrate the plant-climate interactions controlling the seasonality of wet Amazonian forests and show that forest fragmentation will aggravate forest loss under a hotter and drier future scenario.

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