scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric and Adult Orthopaedics

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Daniel S Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Social Activity ◽  
Pediatric Trauma ◽  
Administrative Database ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Orthopaedic Practice ◽  
Local Responses ◽  
Local Schools ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Records

Background: Social practices, hospital guidelines, and government regulations in response to COVID-19 have influenced orthopaedic practice volumes. The widespread cessation of non-essential surgeries has greatly decreased elective practices, but the extent to which trauma volumes diminish remains unknown. Access to common sites of orthopaedic injury was limited during this period, including organized sports, playgrounds, and travel. Methods: To examine the effect of COVID-19 in pediatric and adult practices, considering local responses to the pandemic, weather effects, and school activity. We retrospectively examined orthopaedic clinic changes for the first five months of the year in 2019 and 2020. An administrative database was used to obtain volume data for OR cases, OP visits, and OP clinic procedures. Temperature and precipitation records were collected for the same period. Results: All aspects of the adult practice greatly decreased in March, April, and May compared to the previous year. The largest decreases in OR cases occurred in April for adults, with a slight increase in May, but volumes remained decreased compared to the previous year. Pediatric and adult OP visits and OR cases dropped similarly in March and April. This trend continued into May for OP visits, but only pediatric OR visits increased in May. Conclusion: Practice trends from 2019 to 2020 established in January and February abruptly altered in the following months. Institutional cessation of elective procedures and government issued statewide stay-at-home orders greatly impacted orthopaedic volumes during this period. Decreased opportunity for social activity contributed to drops in pediatric and adult trauma. Proactive responses by local schools aided in a more rapid decline of pediatric trauma compared to adults in the month of March.

Youth wildlife preferences and species-based conservation priorities in a low-income biodiversity hotspot region

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Michael J Liles ◽  
M Nils Peterson ◽  
Kathryn T Stevenson ◽  
Markus J Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Eretmochelys Imbricata ◽  
Public Preferences ◽  
Local Schools ◽  
Hunting And Fishing

Summary Public preferences for wildlife protection can dictate the success or failure of conservation interventions. However, little research has focused on wildlife preferences among youth or how youth prioritize species-based conservation. We conducted a study of youth between 7 and 20 years old (n = 128) at five local schools situated near critical hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) nesting beaches in El Salvador to determine their wildlife preferences and how they prioritize species for conservation based on five attributes: endemism; use for hunting and fishing; rapid decline in population size; presence around their home; and ecological significance. These Salvadoran youth showed preferences for native over non-native species and tended to rank rapid population decline as the most important attribute for prioritizing wildlife for protection, followed by use for hunting and fishing. Participants in local environmental education activities placed greater importance on species in rapid decline than non-participants, who considered endemism as most important. Overall, these findings reveal how environmental education may successfully promote increased prioritization of imperilled species among youth. Economic payments for conserving hawksbill turtles may link the two top reasons that Salvadoran youth provided for protecting species by compensating for the reduced hunting required to facilitate population stabilization.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of the annual balance of Vadret da Morteratsch, Switzerland, since 1865

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (50) ◽  
pp. 126-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Nemec ◽  
Philippe Huybrechts ◽  
Oleg Rybak ◽  
Johannes Oerlemans
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Surface Energy Fluxes ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Continuous Mass ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Precipitation Records ◽  
High Elevations ◽  
Annual Balance ◽  
Almost Continuous

AbstractWe have reconstructed the annual balance of Vadret da Morteratsch, Engadine, Switzerland, with a two-dimensional energy-balance model for the period 1865–2005. The model takes into account a parameterization of the surface energy fluxes, an albedo that decreases exponentially with snow depth as well as the shading effect of the surrounding mountains. The model was first calibrated with a 5 year record of annual balance measurements made at 20 different sites on the glacier between 2001 and 2006 using meteorological data from surrounding weather stations as input. To force the model for the period starting in 1865, we employed monthly temperature and precipitation records from nearby valley stations. The model reproduces the observed annual balance reasonably well, except for the lower part during the warmest years. Most crucial to the results is the altitudinal precipitation gradient, but this factor is hard to quantify from the limited precipitation data at high elevations. The simulation shows an almost continuous mass loss since 1865, with short interruptions around 1920, 1935 and 1980. A trend towards a more negative annual balance can be observed since the beginning of the 1980s. The simulated cumulative mass balance for the entire period 1865–2005 was found to be –46mw.e.

scholarly journals Evolution of Rhonegletscher, Switzerland, over the past 125 years and in the future: application of an improved flowline model

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 268-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin Sugiyama ◽  
Andreas Bauder ◽  
Conradin Zahno ◽  
Martin Funk
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Equilibrium Line Altitude ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
The Past ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Shape Effects ◽  
Precipitation Records

AbstractTo study the past and future evolution of Rhonegletscher, Switzerland, a flowline model was developed to include valley shape effects more accurately than conventional flowband models. In the model, the ice flux at a gridpoint was computed by a two-dimensional ice-flow model applied to the valley cross-section. The results suggested the underestimation of the accumulation area, which seems to be a general problem of flowline modelling arising from the model’s one-dimensional nature. The corrected mass balance was coupled with the equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) change, which was reconstructed for the period 1878–2003 from temperature and precipitation records, to run the model for the past 125 years. The model satisfactorily reproduced both changes in the terminus position and the total ice volume derived from digital elevation models of the surface obtained by analyses of old maps and aerial photographs. This showed the model’s potential to simulate glacier evolution when an accurate mass balance could be determined. The future evolution of Rhonegletscher was evaluated with three mass-balance conditions: the mean for the period 1994–2003, and the most negative (2003) and positive (1978) mass-balance values for the past 50 years. The model predicted volume changes of –18%, –58% and +38% after 50 years for the three conditions, respectively.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of the annual mass balance of Chhota Shigri glacier, Western Himalaya, India, since 1969

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (66) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Farooq Azam ◽  
Patrick Wagnon ◽  
Christian Vincent ◽  
Alagappan Ramanathan ◽  
Anurag Linda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Temperature Index ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Chhota Shigri Glacier ◽  
Decadal Scale ◽  
Climatic Drivers ◽  
Precipitation Records ◽  
Significant Mass Loss

AbstractThis study presents a reconstruction of the mass balance (MB) of Chhota Shigri glacier, Western Himalaya, India, and discusses the regional climatic drivers responsible for its evolution since 1969. The MB is reconstructed by a temperature-index and an accumulation model using daily air-temperature and precipitation records from the nearest meteorological station, at Bhuntar Observatory. The only adjusted parameter is the altitudinal precipitation gradient. The model is calibrated against 10 years of annual altitudinal MB measurements between 2002 and 2012 and decadal cumulative MBs between 1988 and 2010. Three periods were distinguished in the MB series. Periods I (1969-85) and III (2001-12) show significant mass loss at MB rates of -0.36±0.36 and -0.57±0.36mw.e.a-1 respectively, whereas period II (1986-2000) exhibits steady-state conditions with average MBs of -0.01 ±0.36mw.e.a–1. The comparison among these three periods suggests that winter precipitation and summer temperature are almost equally important drivers controlling the MB pattern of Chhota Shigri glacier at decadal scale. The sensitivity of the modelled glacier-wide MB to temperature is -0.52 m w.e. a–1 °C–1 whereas the sensitivity to precipitation is calculated as 0.16mw.e.a-1 for a 10% change.

scholarly journals Surface Mass Balance Modelling at Naradu Glacier, Western Himalaya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Shruti Singh ◽  
Ramesh Kumar ◽  
Atar Singh ◽  
Shaktiman Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Surface Mass Balance ◽  
Surface Mass ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Summer Half ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Precipitation Records

Abstract In view of climate change, Himalayan glaciers are losing its mass. In present study we analyzed 7 year long field based data series of surface mass-balance measurements performed between 2011/12 and 2017/18 at Naradu glacier, western Himalaya. The average specific mass balance for the studied period was 0.83 m w.e. with a highest melting of 1.15 m w.e. The analysis of topographic features showed that south and southeast aspect along with the presence of debris cover area and the slope between 18 to 36 degree are the major factors which causes highest melting from a particular zone. For better understanding of SMB variability and its causes, multiple linear regression analyses (MLRA) was performed by taking temperature and precipitation as predictors. The temperature and precipitation records were taken from NASA GIOVANNI website. The MLRA shows that 71% of the variance of observed SMB can be explained by temperature and precipitation. The MLRA shows the importance of summer half-year temperature. This variable alone explains the 64% variance of observed SMB. The seasonal period analysis showed that with two predictor variables most of the SMB variability is described by summer temperature and winter precipitation. All monthly combinations show that SMB variance is best described by June temperature and September precipitation.

scholarly journals Wavelet analysis reveals periodic oscillations in a 1700 year ice-core record from Guliya, China

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meixue Yang ◽  
Tandong Yao ◽  
Xiaohua Gou ◽  
Huijun Wang ◽  
Thomas Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Analysis ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Past Climate ◽  
Ice Caps ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Temperature Records ◽  
Precipitation Records

AbstractIce cores contribute important records of past climate changes. As one of the thickest ice caps in central Asia, the Guliya ice cap (35°17′ N, 81°29′ E) provides valuable information for this critical region about the past climate and environment changes. We used wavelet analysis to examine periodic temperature and precipitation oscillations over the past 1700 years recorded in the Guliya ice core. The results show non-linear oscillations in the ice-core records, with multiple timescales. Temperature records indicate persistent oscillations with periodicities of approximately 200, 150 and 70 years. Precipitation records show significant periodicities at 200, 100, 150 and 60 years. However, the amplitude modulation and frequency vary with time. Wavelet analysis can explore these time series in greater detail and furnish additional useful information.

scholarly journals Climate Change, Desertification, and Societal Responses along the Mu Us Desert Margin during the Ming Dynasty

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianxin Cui ◽  
Hong Chang ◽  
Kaiyue Cheng ◽  
George S. Burr
Keyword(s):  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
Mu Us Desert ◽  
Proxy Records ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The Government ◽  
Historical Temperature ◽  
Precipitation Records ◽  
The Ming Dynasty

Abstract Historical records for the Mu Us Desert margin during the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) and corresponding high-resolution climate proxy records have prompted studies on societal responses to climatic changes in this region. The Mu Us Desert margin is highly sensitive to changes in desertification and biological productivity controlled in part by Asian monsoon variations. Here the existing historical temperature and precipitation records are examined to understand spatiotemporal climate variations and to identify potential mechanisms that have driven desertification in the region over the past 500 years. The focus here is on three severe desertification events that occurred in 1529–46, the 1570s, and 1601–50. The relationships among temperature, precipitation, and desertification indicate that a cold/drought-prone climate drives the desertification process. During the Ming dynasty, this region was one of nine important military districts, where the frontier wall (the Great Wall) and other fortifications were constructed. To maintain the defense system, military officers made a valiant effort to decrease the influence of desertification. However, the human-waged war against nature was largely futile, and local rebellions in the stricken region were spawned by the inability of the government to cope with the severe environmental stresses associated with rapid desertification.

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