HbA1c-Glycated Hemoglobin: Perfect Tool to Curb the Diabetes

Introduction. The problem of high mortality from cardiovascular diseases is caused, among other things, by asymptomatic atherosclerosis, which proceeds latently for a long time and manifests itself as a serious vascular catastrophe, which is of particular importance for people working at production facilities with difficult and dangerous working conditions.The aim of the study was to assess the risk factors for atherosclerosis and the state of the vascular wall in the workers of the main professions of coal enterprises in the South of Kuzbass.Material and methods. In total, the study included 384 people (men), of whom 266 were the workers in coal mines in the South of Kuzbass and 118 people who were not employed in the coal industry, aged 40 to 55 years. The diagnosis of atherosclerosis was carried out on the ultrasound system “Vivid E9” of the manufacturing company GE using a linear sensor for measuring the thickness of the intima-media complex and visualization of atherosclerotic plaques. To identify significant risk factors, anthropometric, anamnestic data, indices of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and the presence of arterial hypertension were studied.Results. Significant differences in the frequency of asymptomatic atherosclerosis in the form of an increase in intima-media thickness by more than 1 mm and / or the presence of atherosclerotic plaques in both groups were not found: 60.2% among the miners and 62.3% among non-coal mining workers (p=0.703); at the same time, the percentage of detection of atherosclerotic plaques in arteries was significantly lower among coal workers — 46.9% versus 60.5% among people in the comparison group (p=0.016). The common risk factors for all examined subjects were arterial hypertension and increased level of glycated hemoglobin; in turn, in coal miners additional risk factors were increased values of low density lipoproteins and waist-hip index, as well as burdened heredity for cardiovascular diseases, and among the individuals not employed in the coal industry it was smoking.Conclusions. The most significant risk factors for atherosclerosis in coal industry workers were arterial hypertension, raised values of glycated hemoglobin, low density lipoproteins and waist-hip index, as well as burdened heredity for cardiovascular diseases. Significant differences in the frequency of asymptomatic atherosclerosis in the form of an increase in the thickness of the intima-media complex of the main arteries and the presence of atherosclerotic plaques in both groups were not established, but the percentage of the detection of atherosclerotic plaques was lower among coal miners.The authors declare no conflict of interests.

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Beneficial Effects of Acanthopanax senticosus Extract in Type II Diabetes Animal Model via Down-Regulation of Advanced Glycated Hemoglobin and Glycosylation End Products

Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition ◽

10.3746/jkfn.2016.45.7.929 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 45 (7) ◽

pp. 929-937

Author(s):

Han Ol Kwon ◽

Minhee Lee ◽

Yong Jae Kim ◽

Eun Kim ◽

Ok-Kyung Kim

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Glycated Hemoglobin ◽

Type Ii ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Acanthopanax Senticosus ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

End Products

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Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) as a Biomarker for Diabetic Foot Peripheral Neuropathy

Diseases ◽

10.3390/diseases9010016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Giulia Casadei ◽

Marta Filippini ◽

Lorenzo Brognara

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Peripheral Neuropathy ◽

Diabetic Foot ◽

Glycated Hemoglobin ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy ◽

Glycemic Variability ◽

Future Research ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Axonal Dysfunction ◽

Biomarker Research

Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is known to predict foot ulceration, lower-extremity amputation and mortality. Patients with diabetes mellitus have a predisposition toward developing chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, and this may also facilitate the formation of diabetic foot and cutaneous impairment, which are considered one of the most serious impairments of diabetes mellitus, with a prevalence of 4–10% in this population. Biomarkers research provides opportunities for the early diagnosis of these complications for specific treatments useful to prevent amputation and, therefore, physical inability and mental disturbance. The recent literature has suggested that glycemic levels may be a novel factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic foot complications and is an important mediator of axonal dysfunction. The aim of this systematic literary review is to determine whether hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is a positive predictor for diabetic foot peripheral neuropathy and its complications, such as foot cutaneous impairments. There is a lack of consensus regarding the effect of glycemic variability on diabetic foot peripheral neuropathy, unlike other complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy or micro/macrovascular pathology. Methods: Relevant articles were searched in the Medline database using PubMed and Scopus and relevant keywords. The primary search terms used were “glycated hemoglobin” OR “HbA1c” AND “diabetic neuropathies” AND “Foot”. Results: A number of articles (336) were initially identified while searching the scientific literature regarding this topic, and 32 articles were selected and included in this review. Conclusions: This review highlights the role of HbA1c in diabetic foot peripheral neuropathy. Biomarkers play an important role in the decision-making process, and HbA1c levels are extensively used for diabetic foot clinical outcomes and settings, but biomarker research in diabetic foot peripheral neuropathy is in its infancy and will require careful attention to a number of factors and associations, since the consequences of DPN also include neurological alterations. HbA1c is an accurate and easy-to-administer test and can be an effective biomarker in establishing the diagnosis of diabetes, but future research should focus on standardizing the HbA1c level and selecting which DPN value and its correlated complications, such as foot cutaneous impairments, are the most informative.

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Alterations in Rev-ERBα/BMAL1 ratio and glycated hemoglobin in rotating shift workers: the EuRhythDia study

Acta Diabetologica ◽

10.1007/s00592-021-01676-z ◽

2021 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stefano Rizza ◽

Alessio Luzi ◽

Maria Mavilio ◽

Marta Ballanti ◽

Arianna Massimi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Glycated Hemoglobin ◽

Night Shift ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Shift Workers ◽

Metabolic Defects ◽

Clock Gene Expression ◽

Cell Counts

Abstract Objective To detect premature gluco-metabolic defects among night shift workers with disturbances in circadian rhythms. Design and methods We performed a hypothesis-generating, cross-sectional analysis of anthropometric, metabolic, lipid, and inflammation parameters, comparing active (a-NSW, n = 111) and former (f-NSW, n = 98) rotating night shift workers with diurnal workers (controls, n = 69). All participants were hospital nurses. We also evaluated the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and assessed expression of transcription factors REV-ERBα and BMAL1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), as indicators of the molecular clock. Results Both a-NSW and f-NSW participants had significantly higher glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and white blood cell counts (WBC) (p < 0.001 for both), PSQI global score (p = 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure levels (p = 0.024) compared with controls. Expression of REV-ERBα/BMAL1 RNA in PBMC was significantly higher in a-NSW (p = 0.05) than in f-NSW or control participants. Multivariate regression analysis showed that working status and PSQI were independent determinants of higher HbA1c levels (p < 0.001). Conclusions We demonstrated that young, healthy night shift workers show subclinical abnormalities in HbA1c and changes in peripheral clock gene expression.

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Effects of Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment on Reactive Oxygen Metabolites and Glycemic Control in Diabetic Patients with Chronic Periodontitis

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10071056 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1056

Author(s):

Simone Marconcini ◽

Enrica Giammarinaro ◽

Saverio Cosola ◽

Giacomo Oldoini ◽

Annamaria Genovesi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Glycated Hemoglobin ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Periodontal Treatment ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Reactive Oxygen Metabolites ◽

Periodontal Infection ◽

Oxygen Metabolites

Background: Periodontal infection may contribute to poor glycemic control and systemic inflammation in diabetic patients. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of non-surgical periodontal treatment in diabetic patients by measuring oxidative stress outcomes. Methods: Sixty diabetic patients with periodontitis were enrolled, treated with scaling and full-mouth disinfection, and randomly prescribed chlorhexidine mouthwash, antioxidant mouthwash, or ozone therapy. Reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs), periodontal parameters, and glycated hemoglobin were measured at baseline and then at 1, 3, and 6 months after. Results: At baseline, all patients presented with pathologic levels of plasmatic ROM (388 ± 21.36 U CARR), higher than the normal population. Probing depth, plaque index, and bleeding on probing values showed significant clinical improvements after treatment, accompanied by significant reductions of plasma ROM levels (p < 0.05). At the 6-month evaluation, the mean ROM relapsed to 332 ± 31.76 U CARR. Glycated hemoglobin decreased significantly (∆ = −0.52 units) after treatment. Both the test groups showed longer-lasting improvements of periodontal parameters. Conclusion: In diabetic patients, periodontal treatment was effective at reducing plasma ROM, which is an indicator of systemic oxidative stress and inflammation. The treatment of periodontal infection might facilitate glycemic control and decrease systemic inflammation.

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