scholarly journals Lessons learned from linking to 2001 census in Scotland

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Povey
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Study ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Lookup Table ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Match Rate ◽  
Applied Lessons ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT ObjectivesSHELS (Scottish Health and Ethnicity Linkage Study) linked Scotland's 2001 census to various hospital and death data sets with national coverage. Census ethnicity data were assigned to the study records to build a cohort of most of the Scottish population; included in the cohort were people with no health records. ApproachCreate a lookup table of a person's census index to the Scottish eHealth index, the CHI, equivalent of English new national health number. A modified versionof the eHealth administrative matching system was used to satisfy census confidentiality requirements. There were two linkages performed in 2004 and 2008. 2004 was a feasibility run; the 2008 applied lessons learned from the previous linkage and used much more completely indexed health records. ResultsThe first linkage produced match rate of 95% of 4.9 million 2001 census entries; the second 96%. Conclusions Lessons learned. Linking datasets using indexes is the most accurate and efficient way to produce study cohorts. Indices change over time; a methodology called 'reconciliation' was devised to retrospectively and continually adjust previously indexed (linked) records. How to Track members who migrate out of the cohort. A linkage resource called a residential events dataset (RESEVENT) was built for the 2008 linkage run; it holds merged history of linkage identifier fields by date from january 2000 to the present based on GP registrations. This introduces a time dimension to indexed linking.How to build RESEVENT like linkage resources; should they be census based? What should they contain? How to do daily national census and select controls for case/control cohorts from RESEVENT resource. How postcode changes over time can be handled (reconciled) - same address, different postcode, but no address present. Proposal for an index of national indices based on national administrative datasets starting with NHS number (new and old NHSCR) and NI number to make linking even more efficient - this is not a RESEVENT resource; this resource would mean data need be matched to index only once, all subsequent linkages would be deterministic links of reconciled indices.

Scalable Data Analysis Application to Web Usage Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 261-274
Author(s):  
Hocine Chebi
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Modeling Language ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Usage Data

The number of hits to web pages continues to grow. The web has become one of the most popular platforms for disseminating and retrieving information. Consequently, many website operators are encouraged to analyze the use of their sites in order to improve their response to the expectations of internet users. However, the way a website is visited can change depending on a variety of factors. Usage models must therefore be continuously updated in order to accurately reflect visitor behavior. This remains difficult when the time dimension is neglected or simply introduced as an additional numeric attribute in the description of the data. Data mining is defined as the application of data analysis and discovery algorithms on large databases with the goal of discovering non-trivial models. Several algorithms have been proposed in order to formalize the new models discovered, to build more efficient models, to process new types of data, and to measure the differences between the data sets. However, the most traditional algorithms of data mining assume that the models are static and do not take into account the possible evolution of these models over time. These considerations have motivated significant efforts in the analysis of temporal data as well as the adaptation of static data mining methods to data that evolves over time. The review of the main aspects of data mining dealt with in this thesis constitutes the body of this chapter, followed by a state of the art of current work in this field as well as a discussion of the major issues that exist there. Interest in temporal databases has increased considerably in recent years, for example in the fields of finance, telecommunications, surveillance, etc. A growing number of prototypes and systems are being implemented to take into account the time dimension of data explicitly, for example to study the variability over time of analysis results. To model an application, it is necessary to choose a common language, precise and known by all members of a team. UML (unified modeling language, in English, or unified modeling language, in French) is an object-oriented modeling language standardized by the OMG. This chapter aims to present the modeling with the diagrams of packages and classes built using UML. This chapter presents the conceptual model of the data, and finally, the authors specify the SQL queries used for the extraction of descriptive statistical variables of the navigations from a warehouse containing the preprocessed usage data.

Impact of anxiety and depression on progression to glaucoma among glaucoma suspects

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-316617
Author(s):  
Samuel Berchuck ◽  
Alessandro Jammal ◽  
Sayan Mukherjee ◽  
Tamara Somers ◽  
Felipe A Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

AimsTo assess the impact of anxiety and depression in the risk of converting to glaucoma in a cohort of glaucoma suspects followed over time.MethodsThe study included a retrospective cohort of subjects with diagnosis of glaucoma suspect at baseline, extracted from the Duke Glaucoma Registry. The presence of anxiety and depression was defined based on electronic health records billing codes, medical history and problem list. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to obtain HRs for the risk of converting to glaucoma over time. Multivariable models were adjusted for age, gender, race, intraocular pressure measurements over time and disease severity at baseline.ResultsA total of 3259 glaucoma suspects followed for an average of 3.60 (2.05) years were included in our cohort, of which 911 (28%) were diagnosed with glaucoma during follow-up. Prevalence of anxiety and depression were 32% and 33%, respectively. Diagnoses of anxiety, or concomitant anxiety and depression were significantly associated with risk of converting to glaucoma over time, with adjusted HRs (95% CI) of 1.16 (1.01, 1.33) and 1.27 (1.07, 1.50), respectively.ConclusionA history of anxiety or both anxiety and depression in glaucoma suspects was associated with developing glaucoma during follow-up.

scholarly journals Distributional Concept Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER DE BOLLA ◽  
EWAN JONES ◽  
PAUL NULTY ◽  
GABRIEL RECCHIA ◽  
JOHN REGAN
Keyword(s):  
Large Data ◽  
Semantic Networks ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Large Data Sets ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Occurrence Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Concepts ◽  
Over Time

This article proposes a novel computational method for discerning the structure and history of concepts. Based on the analysis of co-occurrence data in large data sets, the method creates a measure of “binding” that enables the construction of verbal constellations that comprise the larger units, “concepts,” that change over time. In contrast to investigation into semantic networks, our method seeks to uncover structures of conceptual operation that are not simply semantic. These larger units of lexical operation that are visualized as interconnected networks may have underlying rules of formation and operation that have as yet unexamined—perhaps tangential—connection to meaning as such. The article is thus exploratory and intended to open the history of concepts to some new avenues of investigation.

Working on the land

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 582
Author(s):  
Matthew Paull ◽  
Natasha Patterson ◽  
Anthea Patch ◽  
Kelli How
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Gas Wells ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Land Access ◽  
Natural Gas Industry ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time

A defining characteristic of Queensland’s natural gas industry is that upstream operations are located in a region with a strong and diverse agricultural industry. The gas resource lies beneath this farming land and the industry has had to overcome the challenge of covering huge distances to maintain thousands of gas wells and associated infrastructure – all while trying to reduce disruption on thousands of predominantly family-owned properties. Earning the trust and respect of landholders has, therefore, been essential to the success of the industry. Mistakes were made by the industry in the early days, but attitudes on both sides have since changed and evolved. There has been a move towards coexistence, respect and consent as the foundation for a long-term and mutually beneficial relationship. Along the way, the industry approach to land access has changed significantly over time. There are now many shining examples of best practice and innovation in the industry and a willingness to share solutions. This paper details the legal underpinning of Queensland’s land access process, the history of the industry in Queensland’s Darling Downs region, key lessons learned by the industry, and some of the innovations and new approaches developed by the land access professionals in the industry.

scholarly journals Patient-Initiated Data: Our Experience with Enabling Patients to Initiate Incorporation of Heart Rate Data into the Electronic Health Record

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 671-679
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Pevnick ◽  
Yaron Elad ◽  
Lisa M. Masson ◽  
Richard V. Riggs ◽  
Ray G. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Quality Improvement Initiative ◽  
Protected Health Information ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Heart Rate Monitors ◽  
Heart Rate Data ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Provider organizations increasingly allow incorporation of patient-generated data into electronic health records (EHRs). In 2015, we began allowing patients to upload data to our EHR without physician orders, which we henceforth call patient-initiated data (PAIDA). Syncing wearable heart rate monitors to our EHR allows for uploading of thousands of heart rates per patient per week, including many abnormally low and high rates. Physician informaticists expressed concern that physicians and their patients might be unaware of abnormal heart rates, including those caused by treatable pathology. Objective This study aimed to develop a protocol to address millions of unreviewed heart rates. Methods As a quality improvement initiative, we assembled a physician informaticist team to meet monthly for review of abnormally low and high heart rates. By incorporating other data already present in the EHR, lessons learned from reviewing records over time, and from contacting physicians, we iteratively refined our protocol. Results We developed (1) a heart rate visualization dashboard to identify concerning heart rates; (2) experience regarding which combinations of heart rates and EHR data were most clinically worrisome, as opposed to representing artifact; (3) a protocol whereby only concerning heart rates would trigger a cardiologist review revealing protected health information; and (4) a generalizable framework for addressing other PAIDA. Conclusion We expect most PAIDA to eventually require systematic integration and oversight. Our governance framework can help guide future efforts, especially for cases with large amounts of data and where abnormal values may represent concerning but treatable pathology.

The Path of Standard Albanian Language Formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-115
Author(s):  
Sindorela Doli Kryeziu
Keyword(s):  
Single Unit ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Language History ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors ◽  
Cultural Body ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Language Literature

Abstract In our paper we will talk about the whole process of standardization of the Albanian language, where it has gone through a long historical route, for almost a century.When talking about standard Albanian language history and according to Albanian language literature, it is often thought that the Albanian language was standardized in the Albanian Language Orthography Congress, held in Tirana in 1972, or after the publication of the Orthographic Rules (which was a project at that time) of 1967 and the decisions of the Linguistic Conference, a conference of great importance that took place in Pristina, in 1968. All of these have influenced chronologically during a very difficult historical journey, until the standardization of the Albanian language.Considering a slightly wider and more complex view than what is often presented in Albanian language literature, we will try to describe the path (history) of the standard Albanian formation under the influence of many historical, political, social and cultural factors that are known in the history of the Albanian people. These factors have contributed to the formation of a common state, which would have, over time, a common standard language.It is fair to think that "all activity in the development of writing and the Albanian language, in the field of standardization and linguistic planning, should be seen as a single unit of Albanian culture, of course with frequent manifestations of specific polycentric organization, either because of divisions within the cultural body itself, or because of the external imposition"(Rexhep Ismajli," In Language and for Language ", Dukagjini, Peja, 1998, pp. 15-18.)

Transocean and the History of Tax Inversions

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Susan M. Albring ◽  
Randal J. Elder ◽  
Mitchell A. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Corporate Income Taxes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Jobs Act ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT The first tax inversion in 1983 was followed by small waves of subsequent inversion activity, including two inversions completed by Transocean. Significant media and political attention focused on transactions made by U.S. multinational corporations that were primarily designed to reduce U.S. corporate income taxes. As a result, the U.S. government took several actions to limit inversion activity. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA) significantly lowered U.S. corporate tax rates and one expected impact of TCJA is a reduction of inversion activity. Students use the Transocean inversions to understand the reasons why companies complete a tax inversion and how the U.S. tax code affects inversion activity. Students also learn about the structure of inversion transactions and how they have changed over time as the U.S. government attempted to limit them. Students also assess the tax and economic impacts of inversion transactions to evaluate tax policy.

Historical Representations and Recent Changes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Schaflechner
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Oral Histories ◽  
Detailed History ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Representations ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Many Sources ◽  
Over Time

Chapter 3 introduces the tradition of ritual journeys and sacred geographies in South Asia, then hones in on a detailed history of the grueling and elaborate pilgrimage attached to the shrine of Hinglaj. Before the construction of the Makran Coastal Highway the journey to the Goddess’s remote abode in the desert of Balochistan frequently presented a lethally dangerous undertaking for her devotees, the hardships of which have been described by many sources in Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Sindhi, and Urdu. This chapter draws heavily from original sources, including travelogues and novels, which are supplanted with local oral histories in order to weave a historical tapestry that displays the rich array of practices and beliefs surrounding the pilgrimage and how they have changed over time. The comparative analysis demonstrates how certain motifs, such as austerity (Skt. tapasyā), remain important themes within the whole Hinglaj genre even in modern times while others have been lost in the contemporary era.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Geslani
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Royal Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Indian Religion

The introduction reviews the historiographic problem of the relation between fire sacrifice (yajña) and image worship (pūjā), which have traditionally been seen as opposing ritual structures serving to undergird the distinction of “Vedic” and “Hindu.” Against such an icono- and theocentric approach, it proposes a history of the priesthood in relation to royal power, centering on the relationship between the royal chaplain (purohita) and astrologer (sāṃvatsara) as a crucial, unexplored development in early Indian religion. In order to capture these historical developments, it outlines a method for the comparative study of ritual forms over time.

The Growth of Historical Method in Tang China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Hartman ◽  
Anthony DeBlasi
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Successor State ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Official History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time

This chapter discusses how the full emergence of the centralized, aristocratic state in the seventh century brought about an official historiography that was part of the bureaucracy of that state. Beginning in the Tang, each dynastic court maintained an office of historiography. Over time, a regularized process evolved that, in theory and often in reality, turned the daily production of court bureaucratic documents into an official history of the dynasty. Although this process was ongoing throughout the dynasty, the final, standard ‘dynastic history’ was usually completed after the dynasty's demise by its successor state. Indeed, the very concept of a series of dynastic histories that, taken together, would present an official history of successive, legitimate Chinese states, dates from the eleventh century.

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