Diagnosis of On-Board Sensors in Internal Combustion (IC) Engines

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Min
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Ic Engines

A Compendium of Methods for Determining the Exergy Balance Terms Applied to Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Bibhuti B. Sahoo ◽  
Maryom Dabi ◽  
Ujjwal K. Saha
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Cylinder Wall ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Work Output ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Dead State ◽  
Ic Engines ◽  
Exergy Balance

Abstract Exergy analysis of the reciprocating internal combustion (IC) engines is studied by estimating various input and output energy transfer parameters concerning a dead state reference. Exergy terms such as fuel input, work output, cooling, and exhaust gas are measured and are set into the exergy balance equation to determine the amount of loss or destruction. Exergy destructions are found in many forms such as combustion (entropy generation), cylinder wall, friction, mixing, blow-by, and others. These exergy terms have been estimated by considering various factors such as engine type, fuel type, environmental condition, and others. In this article, the different methods employed in estimating these exergy terms have been reviewed. It attempts to make a compendium of these evaluation methods and segregates them under individual exergy terms with necessary descriptions. The fuel input measurement is mostly based on Gibb's free energy and the lower heating value, whereas its higher heating value is used during the fuel exergy calculation on a molar basis. The work output of the engines is estimated either from the crankshaft or by analyzing the cylinder pressure and volume. The exergy transfer with cooling medium and exhaust gas depends on the temperature of gas. The maximum achievable engine performance is quantified by estimating the exergy efficiency. This piece of study will not only provide a plenty of information on exergy evaluation methods of IC engines but will also allow the future researchers to adopt the appropriate one.

Study on Catalytic Reactions in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells With Comparison to Gas Phase Reactions in Internal Combustion Engines

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helgi S. Fridriksson ◽  
Bengt Sunde´n ◽  
Jinliang Yuan ◽  
Martin Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuels ◽  
Pure Hydrogen ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Ic Engines

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have the attractive feature to be able to make use of hydrocarbon fuels in their operation by reforming the fuel into pure hydrogen, either internally or externally. This can open up for a smoother transition from the existing hydro-carbon economy toward a more renewable hydrogen economy. Since both SOFCs and internal combustion (IC) engines can make use of hydrocarbon fuels, it is of interest to examine the major differences in their utilization of the hydrocarbons and investigate how this type of fuel contributes to the power output of the respective systems. Thereby, various advantages and disadvantages of their reactions are raised. It was shown that even though there are fundamental differences between SOFCs and IC engines, both types face similar problems in their designs. These problems mostly include material design and operation management, but even problems related to the chemical reactions, e.g., carbon deposition for SOFCs and pollutant formation for IC engines.

Fuels Characterization for Use in Internal Combustion Engines

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lanzafame ◽  
M. Messina
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Wide Temperature Range ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Mathematical Functions ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Ic Engines

Abstract It is important provide mathematical functions able to fit with great precision experimental data on gases properties, in order to obtain reliable results when computerized models on IC engines are used. On the basis of experimental data on equilibrium constants (for dissociation phenomena occurring during combustion process in IC engines) new mathematical functions have been determined to fit experimental data. In comparison to traditional fitting polynomials, these new mathematical functions present a great accuracy in matching experimental data. These new mathematical functions have the functional forms of a V order Logarithmic Polynomial, and their coefficients have been evaluated on the basis of the least square method. The new V order Logarithmic Polynomials have been determined for several dissociation reactions according to internal combustion processes applications. V order Logarithmic Polynomials have been implemented also to describe the trend of specific heat at constant pressure Vs temperature and enthalpy Vs temperature. These new Logarithmic Polynomials have been calculated for several gases and fuels for IC engines applications. The new Logarithmic Polynomials pointed out a better precision in comparison to the others polynomial functions used in literature, and the possibility to utilize a single Logarithmic Polynomial for a wide temperature range, according to a good accuracy with experimental data. Another advantage of the Logarithmic Polynomials is the possibility to extrapolate experimental data on a wide temperature range (25% of experimental T range) in order to supply to the experimental data shortage.

Performance and Emission Characteristics of Bio-Diesel as an Alternative Diesel Engine Fuel

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samiddha Palit ◽  
Bijan Kumar Mandal ◽  
Sudip Ghosh ◽  
Arup Jyoti Bhowal
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Ic Engines

Fast depletion of the conventional petroleum-based fossil fuel reserves and the detrimental effects of the pollutant emissions associated with the combustion of these fuels in internal combustion (IC) engines propelled the exploration and development of alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. Biodiesel has been identified as one of the most promising alternative fuels for IC engines. This paper discusses about the advantages and disadvantages of biodiesel vis-a-vis the conventional petro-diesel and presents the energetic performances and emission characteristics of CI engine using biodiesel and biodiesel-petrodiesel blends as fuels. An overview of the current research works carried out by several researchers has been presented in brief. A review of the performance analysis suggests that biodiesel and its blends with conventional diesel have comparable brake thermal efficiencies. The energy balance studies show that biodiesel returns more than 3 units of energy for each unit used in its production. However, the brake specific fuel consumption increases by about 9–14% compared to diesel fuel. But, considerable improvement in environmental performance is obtained using biodiesel. There is significant reduction in the emissions of unburned hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), soot, particulates, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide with biodiesel. But the NOx emission is more with biodiesel compared to diesel. A case study with Jatropha biodiesel as fuel and the current development status, both global and Indian, of biodiesel as a CI engine fuel have been included in the paper.

Acoustic Modelling and Measurements of Engine Mufflers

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Samir N.Y. Gerges ◽  
Márcio R. Kimura ◽  
J.L. Bento Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Noise Source ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Acoustic Modelling ◽  
Exhaust Noise ◽  
Ic Engines ◽  
Diesel Motors

Most buildings such as hospitals, hotels, governmental offices, data processing rooms, etc, are equipped with internal combustion engines, diesel motors and generators to supply energy in emergencies. These same IC engines are used for industrial applications, building services and transportation. Exhaust noise are the predominant noise source with most internal combustion engines and thus exhaust systems incorporating mufflers have been designed to reduce the noise. This paper describes the analysis of several configurations of mufflers and also presents comparisons between the results for the transmission loss obtained by numerical modelling (FEM), Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) and measurements.

scholarly journals A model of the IC engine in the form of the bond graph (BG)

2004 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Marian CICHY ◽  
Jacek KROPIWNICKI ◽  
Sławomir MAKOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Vector Function ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Analytic Form ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Bond Graph ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Spline Functions ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Ic Engines ◽  
Main Engine

Grounds for the use of the bond graph method in the modeling of internal combustion (IC) engines, which are energy sources in systems consisting of different physical nature elements have been presented. The model of hybrid vehicle, as an example of such system, has been presented. Examples of definitions of the main engine parameters, which follow the established BG convention have been given. A proposal of formalization of the IC engine characteristics, which follows the selected method of modeling, has been presented as well as an analytic form of the characteristic as the multidimensional vector function. Example of the engine characteristic approximation with the use of the “Spline” functions and author’s computer programs has been given.

Simulation of EHD Lubrication of Common-Pin Conrod Big End Bearings in High Speed IC Engines

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Tang Ma ◽  
Bernhard Loibnegger
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Inertial Effect ◽  
Body System ◽  
Connecting Rod ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Ehd Lubrication ◽  
Ic Engines ◽  
Multi Body

This paper describes a methodology for the analysis of elastohydrodynamics (EHD) of connecting-rod (conrod) big end bearings in high-speed internal combustion (IC) engines. In addition to the elasticity of the conrod structure and crankpin, the dynamic and inertial effect of conrod motion on the bearing tribological behaviour is considered realistically based on a multi-body system (MBS) approach. Results show that it is necessary to simulate two big end bearings of common-pin simultaneously with the inclusion of a complete crankthrow in the MBS model.

scholarly journals Alternative Fuels for Internal Combustion Engines

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Martins ◽  
F. P. Brito
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Synthetic Fuels ◽  
Ic Engines

The recent transport electrification trend is pushing governments to limit the future use of Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs). However, the rationale for this strong limitation is frequently not sufficiently addressed or justified. The problem does not seem to lie within the engines nor with the combustion by themselves but seemingly, rather with the rise in greenhouse gases (GHG), namely CO2, rejected to the atmosphere. However, it is frequent that the distinction between fossil CO2 and renewable CO2 production is not made, or even between CO2 emissions and pollutant emissions. The present revision paper discusses and introduces different alternative fuels that can be burned in IC Engines and would eliminate, or substantially reduce the emission of fossil CO2 into the atmosphere. These may be non-carbon fuels such as hydrogen or ammonia, or biofuels such as alcohols, ethers or esters, including synthetic fuels. There are also other types of fuels that may be used, such as those based on turpentine or even glycerin which could maintain ICEs as a valuable option for transportation.

Toxicity of exhaust particulates and gaseous emissions from gasohol (ethanol blended gasoline)-fuelled spark ignition engines

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 1540-1553
Author(s):  
Avinash Kumar Agarwal ◽  
Akhilendra Pratap Singh ◽  
Tarun Gupta ◽  
Rashmi Avinash Agarwal ◽  
Nikhil Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Oxygenated Additives ◽  
Ic Engines

Blending of oxygenated additives with gasoline has been advocated to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and to reduce hazardous health effects of gaseous emissions and particulate matter (PM) emitted by internal combustion (IC) engines in the transport sector worldwide.

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