scholarly journals Chinese Investment in Transport Infrastructure in the EU: a Stimulus for Development of Bilateral Trade?

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 152-169
Author(s):  
K. A. Gemueva
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Optimal Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Chinese Investment ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Port Facilities ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Under the Belt and Road Initiative, particular importance is attached to transport networks development projects, including the creation of optimal transport routes and reorientation of existing supply chains based on the interests of China. This implies the active participation of Chinese companies in investing, financing and implementing projects in the field of transport infrastructure. The article examines the impact of Chinese investment in EU transport infrastructure facilities on the volume of freight traffic between China and the EU through these facilities. Most of the real Chinese investment are directed to the development of port facilities. European airports are also of great interest to Chinese investors, however, under the influence of many factors, only a few projects are successful. China is making significant efforts to establish direct rail links with EU countries. Nevertheless, the share of this type of transport is not yet comparable with freight turnover by sea and air, and future development is limited by a number of factors. Currently, COSCO’s investment in the Greek port of Piraeus is the only example of a significant increase in cargo turnover between China and the EU through an infrastructure under control, however, some ongoing projects could potentially repeat the success of COSCO in the near future. The author concludes that the approaches of the Chinese leadership to the transport infrastructure development are varied. Failures in the implementation of separate projects and the cautious attitude of Brussels towards Chinese investments do not stop China’s planned efforts focused on the long term perspective.

scholarly journals The Belt and Road Initiative as a tool for promoting EU-China trade. Poland’s case

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Alina Szypulewska-Porczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
China Trade ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the study is to evaluate the potential role of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) for promoting EU – China trade, and especially Poland – China trade. We test two hypotheses: 1) Non-tariff barriers (NTBs), particularly related to railway transport, are significant for Poland – China trade, and 2) Poland – China trade fits railway transport well. Therefore, we start with a study of the significance of tariff and non-tariff barriers in mutual trade relations, including transport-related barriers. NTBs are mainly derived from the EU Market Access database, and as for transport-related barriers – the logistics performance index (LPI) is used. As the next step, we study the composition of bilateral trade in static and dynamic terms using the OECD TiVA database. In the light of the significant increase in NTBs on EU manufacturing products exported to China and the railway transport infrastructure performance in Poland, the BRI could become an effective tool for improving the business environment for EU exporters. By contrast, the BRI project is more suitable for China and the EU as a whole than for Poland in terms of commodity structure of bilateral trade.

EU-Asia Connectivity: France’s Three Largest Cities and China’s Belt and Road

2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 2050001
Author(s):  
Jean-Paul Larçon ◽  
Corinne Vadcar
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Economic Competitiveness ◽  
The Past ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Political Borders ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The concept of connectivity has over the past decades become central to economic competitiveness, especially in a world of value chains. It now tends to have both a strategic dimension - in a renewed geopolitical context - and a sustainable dimension - with global warming. This is particularly true in the EU-Asia relationship. The strengthening of this connectivity, particularly in the case of transport infrastructure (maritime, rail, air and submarine), provides opportunities for trade in goods, services and data but also human interactions between the two regions. But it goes further with the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). While Europe has for several decades paid considerable attention to connectivity within its political borders, nothing was preparing it to the impact of this multifaceted initiative. This is particularly evident for the three largest French metropolitan areas (Paris, Lyon and Marseille), which show different degrees of connectivity with China, depending on whether it is a maritime, rail, air or submarine route. While it is not possible to simplify the connectivity with China of each city to only one aspect, it nevertheless appears that Paris has a powerful advantage on the air route, Lyon potentially on the rail route and Marseille on the submarine route.

scholarly journals Quantitative Dynamics Effects of Belt and Road Economies Trade Using Structural Gravity and Neural Networks

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402110326
Author(s):  
Koffi Dumor ◽  
Li Yao ◽  
Jean-Paul Ainam ◽  
Edem Koffi Amouzou ◽  
Williams Ayivi
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Neural Network Analysis ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trade Partners

Recent research suggests that China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) would improve the bilateral trade between China and its partners. This article uses detailed bilateral export data from 1990 to 2017 to investigate the impact of China’s BRI on its trade partners using neural network analysis techniques and structural gravity model estimations. Our main findings suggest that the BRI countries would raise exports by a modest 5.053%. This indicates that export and network upgrades should be considered from economic and policy perspectives. The results also show that neural networks is more robust compared with structural gravity framework.

scholarly journals Impact of Transport Infrastructure on Gross Regional Products: Evidence from Chinese Provinces under the “Belt and Road Initiative”

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-45
Author(s):  
Jin-Hui Li ◽  
Chol-Ju An ◽  
Gwang-Nam Rim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Development Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Belt And Road

Purpose: This paper analyzes the impact of transport infrastructure on Gross Regional Products in Chinese provinces under the “Belt and Road Initiative”. Methods: The impact of the key elements of transport infrastructure on Gross Regional Products is analyzed based on the data related to development levels of transport infrastructure and economic development. Correlation and regression analyses were used for data analysis. Results: It is found that railways and highways, which are the key elements of transport infrastructure, have a strong correlation with Gross Regional Products, and their effects are diverse among provinces under study. Implications: The findings demonstrate the position and role of diverse infrastructural elements in enhancing the economic benefits of infrastructural investment and promoting economic growth. Thus, it is expected to facilitate decision-making related to infrastructural investment under the “Belt and Road Initiative”.

scholarly journals FDI determinants in Europe and Chinese influence

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37
Author(s):  
Alena Dorakh
Keyword(s):  
Trade Costs ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Vertical Fdi ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Despite recent concerns about the increasing influence of outside investors on the European Union (EU) and Western Balkans, the developed European countries are still a dominant source of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the region, confirming the benefits of EU membership. At the same time, fast-growing connectivity and lower trade costs in accession and neighboring countries determine the FDI growth from China, particularly via the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). By applying panel data over 2000-2019 for 34 countries, which form 89% of all European FDI, we first examine FDI patterns around Europe, compare the EU, NMS, and Western Balkans; verify the importance of EU membership for FDI, caused reducing trade costs and improving connectivity. Thus, the new EU member states (NMS) and Western Balkans appear both as a home country and as a pre- entry destination to the EU. Then, we calculate trade costs indices for each selected country and partners over time and find that Europe and China are closely interconnected through trade and FDI. It means that stronger ties with China can be realized for the sample countries at the cost of easing relations with the EU. Finally, incorporating trade costs indices into the FDI model; we evaluate the impact of connectivity on FDI and estimate how BRI affected FDI in Europe. Additionally, we validate that the old framework of horizontal and vertical FDI not representative well and even new complex vertical or export-oriented FDI strategies are shifting today.

Analysis of China-Pakistan Leisure Sports Industry under the Background of "The Belt and Road"

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Huang Liang
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Sports Industry ◽  
Leisure Sports ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Sports Activities

Scholars stress the importance of leisure sports activities for a healthy body and mind. There is a positive correlation between socioeconomic uplift and leisure sports activities. China-Pakistan economic corridor (CPEC) is the flagship project under the “The Belt and Road” initiative led by the Chines government, with pouring in of huge investment centered around CPEC. It is hoped that it would have positively affected leisure sports activities. Relying on qualitative and quantitative data, the study analyzed the impact of CPEC on leisure sports activities. The findings suggest the positive impact of CPEC on leisure activities. These activities were facilitated with the provision of sports facilities, infrastructure development, economic uplift, and cultural influence.

PRIORITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION OF UKRAINE AND KAZAKHSTAN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.И. Герасимчук ◽  
V. Gerasymchuk
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Глобальные перемены в мировой политике и экономике происходят под решающим влиянием стран «Большой семерки» и БРИКС, придя на смену биполярному миру (США – СССР). После развала СССР каждая из бывших 15 республик, а ныне независимых государств, выстраивает экономические отношения со странами-соседями, международными и региональными объединениями в соответствие со своими стратегическими намерениями. В статье анализируются тенденции социально-экономического развитии Украины и Казахстана в течение 1991-2020гг. Изложены особенности моделей трансформации экономик двух стран. Методологической основой исследования выступает сравнительный ретроспективный анализ происходящих изменений в экономиках обоих государств с применением рейтинговых инструментов и механизмов. Указаны различия в векторах при выборе стратегического партнерства: для Украины – это НАТО, США и ЕС, для Казахстана – ОДКБ, Россия, СНГ и ЕАЭС, а также Китай, США, государства Центральной Азии и ЕС. Обращено внимание на уязвимость национальных экономик от влияния мировых финансовых кризисов, разрывов прежних кооперационных связей, потерей традиционных рынков сбыта, комплекса нерешенных внутренних проблем. Дана оценка экспортного потенциала экономик двух стран; подчеркнута необходимость увеличения в его структуре продукции с высокой добавленной стоимостью. Детально рассмотрены тенденции развития двустороннего торгово-экономического сотрудничества. Предложен комплекс мер по увеличению товарооборота между Украиной и Казахстаном. Global changes in world politics and economy are taking place under the decisive influence of the G7 and BRICS countries, replacing the bipolar world (USA - USSR). After the collapse of the USSR, each of the former 15 republics, now independent states, is building economic relations with neighboring countries, international and regional associations in accordance with their strategic intentions. The article analyzes the trends in the socio-economic development of Ukraineand Kazakhstanduring 1991-2020. The features of the models of transformation of the economies of the two countries are stated. The methodological basis of the study is a comparative retrospective analysis of the ongoing changes in the economies of both countries using rating instruments and mechanisms. Differences in vectors when choosing a strategic partnership are indicated: for Ukraine, these are NATO, the USA and the EU, for Kazakhstan– the CSTO, Russia, the CIS and the EAEU, as well as China, the USA, the Central Asian states and the EU. Attention is drawn to the vulnerability of national economies to the impact of global financial crises, breaks of previous cooperation ties, loss of traditional sales markets, and a set of unresolved internal problems. The assessment of the export potential of the economies of the two countries is given; emphasized the need to increase its structure of products with high added value. Trends in the development of bilateral trade and economic cooperation are examined in detail. A set of measures has been proposed to increase trade between Ukraineand Kazakhstan.

scholarly journals The Impact of Energy Cooperation and the Role of the One Belt and Road Initiative in Revolutionizing the Geopolitics of Energy among Regional Economic Powers: An Analysis of Infrastructure Development and Project Management

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Wu Hao ◽  
Syed Mehmood Ali Shah ◽  
Ahsan Nawaz ◽  
Ali Asad ◽  
Shahid Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Energy Cooperation ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines how the latest mega plan and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) will impact the geopolitics of energy and infrastructural development. With a massive change in the supply and demand of global energy and its infrastructure, the transition of international energy order is in the making. While the US is going towards a more isolationist path from its traditional superpower role, there are rising economies such as China, India, Japan, and Russia which are undoubtedly playing a vital role in the geopolitical stage and the other development endeavors. Several regions such as Central Asia, the Arctic, Eastern Mediterranean, and the South China Sea are offering substantial natural gas and oil reserves and drawing global attention to develop energy cooperation. This situation is profoundly influencing the transition of energy order. In this transition, BRI is supposed to play an important role. As a mega development strategy with a robust geostrategic dimension, it purposes to advocate interconnectivity collaboration in framework, exchange, and advancement among the partaking nations. This super arrangement offers a lot of ventures, foundation developments, and modern reconciliation in the energy sector. The country is trying to establish a multilateral platform for endorsing and shielding energy cooperation under BRI. This paper, therefore, attempts to observe how this mega plan will contribute to reshaping the existing energy order as well as the geopolitics of energy with motivation on multifaceted energy collaboration.

scholarly journals The impact of transport infrastructure projects on sustainable development within a major logistics gateway in North West England

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Paraskevadakis ◽  
Alan Bury ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Jun Ren ◽  
Stephen Bonsall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In the North West of England the issue of a perceived infrastructure gap is of increasing concern. Investment needs to be made to improve the transport infrastructure of the region if it is to be expected to promote the development of its own regional logistics gateway. Funding tools have been set up to address the challenges arising from the imbalance in infrastructure development that exists between regions in the north of the United Kingdom and those in the south. For regions with well developed economies the outlook is promising as the availability of modern transport infrastructure looks set to improve. However, some sources believe that the development of new transport infrastructure will have a negative impact upon sustainable development. It is expected that this will occur in a range of both direct and indirect ways. As a result, it is critical that planning for the creation of new intermodal transport infrastructure, or the upgrading of that which already exists, takes into account the impact that these developments will have on the sustainable development of the host region. A scenario based development methodology is proposed in this paper. It was developed to provide a way to identify potential scenarios that may arise within a given region as a result of transport infrastructure projects. To create significant scenarios the methodology is dependent on the availability of a sufficient quantity of quality data. For this paper that data was collected through a focus group composed of stakeholders from the region in question. This was further supported by the performance of an impact survey using the same group of stakeholders.

DEVELOPMENT DIRECTIONS OF ALTERNATIVE FUELS INFRASTRUCTURE

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (0) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Ryszard Rolbiecki
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Technical Specification ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
National Framework ◽  
The Eu

An increase of the energetic efficiency of the economy is one of the priority goals of EU policy. In all the sectors of the EU-28 countries this goal has been achieved. However, in the transport sector, which is especially dependent on the supplies of crude oil, the energy consumption continues to increase. This is why, a wider use of alternative fuels is one of the ways of increasing the transport energy efficiency and decrease the dependency on crude oil. In transportation, there is a chance to increase the use of electricity and natural gas. However, the use of these energy sources in transport depends on the development of appropriate infrastructure. The requirements regarding the technical specification of the alternative fuel infrastructure and the time horizon for the construction of these facilities have been described in the European Parliament and Council Directive of 22.10.2014 on the development of alternative fuels infrastructure. In Poland, the development directions regarding the use of alternative fuels in transport and the goals of the transport infrastructure development have been set out in the year 2016 in the national framework for the policy of alternative fuels infrastructure development.

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