Introduction

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Suk-Young Chwe
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Coordination Problems ◽  
The Common

This introductory chapter first sets out the book's main goal, which is to show that the concept of common knowledge has broad explanatory power; that common knowledge generation is an essential part of what public ritual “does”; and that the classic dichotomy between rationality and culture should be questioned. It then discusses coordination problems and offers some examples to illustrate how common knowledge is a useful everyday concept, part of the common sense meaning of “public,” and how common knowledge can to some degree be distinguished from “content” or “meaning.” The final section describes other contexts in which the concepts in the present study have been examined.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Michael S. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Academic Psychology ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Sense Psychology

This introductory chapter lays out the dramatic challenge neuroscience is taken to issue to our sense of who and what we are and to our responsibility for our choices and for our actions. Neuroscience is seen as the newest of a series of challenges issued to the criminal law, retributivist punishment, moral blameworthiness, and the common-sense psychology all of these presuppose. Backed by a better science of the human brain, neuroscience reissues the challenges to responsibility that have long been issued by academic psychology, be that psychology introspectionist, Freudian, behaviorist, genetic, or whatever.

Corporate communication in the emerging network economy

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolai J. Foss ◽  
Tore Kristensen ◽  
Ricky Wilke
Keyword(s):  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Simple Game ◽  
Corporate Communication ◽  
Theoretic Model ◽  
Network Economy ◽  
Coordination Problems ◽  
Knowledge Requirements ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
The Common ◽  
Game Theoretic Model

This paper draws on ideas in economics and game theory to develop a new theory of marketing in the emerging network economy. The paper argues that in a network economy, firms and consumers will confront “coordination problems”. With the emerging network economy all this becomes urgent because the availability and cost of information decreases. Also, timing issues become urgent as millions of people get access to the same information simultaneously. That explains why events where masses of viewers simultaneously participate in the same events become so important. The paper introduces a simple game theoretic model and discusses marketing applications and possible strategies. These strategies imply considerable use of communication resources in order to fulfil the common knowledge requirements.

Conclusion

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Suk-Young Chwe
Keyword(s):  
Group Identity ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Collective Consciousness ◽  
Western Tradition ◽  
Coordination Problems ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Common

This concluding chapter summarizes key themes. The book has attempted to show that the distinction between rationality and irrationality in the Western tradition cannot be easily maintained. It starts with a narrow, unadorned conception of rationality in the context of coordination problems and shows that the common knowledge required is substantially related to issues of intersubjectivity, collective consciousness, and group identity. It starts with isolated individuals facing real, practical problems of coordination and shows that transcending the “transmission” view of communication (first-order knowledge) and including the “ritual” view (common knowledge) is exactly what is required. By associating common knowledge with cultural practices, this book suggests a close and reciprocal relationship between the perspectives of rationality and culture, which are often thought separate or even antagonistic.

Thinking with the living body: the biopsychosocial model and the cosmopolitics of existence

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schillmeier
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Biopsychosocial Model ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Living Body ◽  
Human Perceptions ◽  
The Common

This paper argues that the ‘biopsychosocial’ model of the body highlights the importance of the psychosocial dimension for a better understanding of health and illness. Most importantly, by emphasising the fundamental relevance of values in the make-up of living systems, the biopsychosocial model radically challenges the common sense operation of evidence-based biomedical operations that bifurcate the body into the subjectivities of human perceptions and the non-subjective qualities of the nature of bodies. The biopsychosocial model protests against the manner by which only non-subjective qualities gain explanatory power in analysing, diagnosing and treating somatic and mental health issues. To accentuate the explanatory importance of values in understanding embodied human life, I will introduce Émile Durkheim’s seminal work about human society as a realitysui generisthat introduces the scientific realm for a ‘special psychology’ (Durkheim) to analyse ‘values’ as an emergent accomplishment of human social life. Still, as important Durkheim’s account is in understanding societal values, it is only partially valid for the biopsychosocial model since it iterates the common sense operation of bifurcation by dismissing individual perceptions as valid sources to gain knowledge about the realities of human social values. To avoid bifurcation and to give importance to the subjectivities of every mode of existence, I will introduce Tarde’s monadology that emphasises the value-laden psychosocial processes and societal organisation in understandingallbodies and things—human and non-human alike. A monadological reading of the body universalises the ‘biopolitics’ of human affairs and unfolds what I call the ‘cosmopolitics of existence’. With the shift from the biopolitics of human affairs to the cosmopolitics of existence this paper wishes to contribute to novel ways of thinking the biopsychosocial body beyond bifurcating mind and nature.

scholarly journals ‘There Is No Alternative’? The role of depoliticisation in the emergence of populism

Politics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 026339572199027
Author(s):  
Jake Anthony Scott
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Common People ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The People ◽  
The Common ◽  
Two Sides

The current literature on populism considers the causal factors surrounding the emergence of populism to be materialist and often ignores the role of elites in the precipitation of populist movements. Consequently, populism is often conceptualised as an epiphenomenon. However, it is the scope of this article that the construction of events or processes as ‘beyond’ public control contributes to popular resentment necessary for the emergence of populism. In comparison to this construction (encapsulated best in Margaret Thatcher’s proclamation, ‘there is no alternative’), democratic politics involves an appeal to the constituency most often associated with populism, ‘the common people’ and ‘common sense’. This article, therefore, will proceed along the following lines: first, I establish the theoretical model for analysis with reference to Margaret Canovan’s paper ‘Trust the People!’; following this, sections ‘ Depoliticisation as “Pragmatic Politics”’ and ‘Common sense as “Redemptive Politics”’ look at different permutations of the two sides of this theoretical model, respectively Depoliticisation, and an appeal to ‘common sense’, before turning back in the section ‘Applying and illustrating the framework’ to Canovan’s theoretical framework to understand how the interaction between these two permutations can contribute to a populist reaction. The final section presents an illustrative example of this clash – immigration in the United Kingdom.

Applications

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Suk-Young Chwe
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Coordination Problems ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Social Goods ◽  
Do So

This chapter begins by considering the question of how cultural practices such as rituals and ceremonies constitute power. It then discusses how rituals work; generating common knowledge through eye contact or, for larger groups, facing each other in a circle to enable each person to see that everyone else is paying attention; and understanding advertising in terms of common knowledge generation. The chapter then offers quantitative evidence by looking at 119 brands advertised on three U.S. networks in October 1988, February 1989, and July 1989. The data suggests that social goods are advertised on more popular shows and that advertisers goods are willing to pay more per viewer to do so. More popular shows generate common knowledge and hence are better at solving coordination problems.

FINNIS ON THE AUTHORITY OF LAW AND THE COMMON GOOD

Legal Theory ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Duke
Keyword(s):  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Coordination Problems ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
Basic Goods ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moral Difference

This paper seeks to elucidate the role played by the common good in John Finnis's arguments for a generic and presumptive moral obligation to obey the law.1Finnis's appeal to the common good constitutes a direct challenge to liberal and philosophical anarchist denials of a generic and presumptive obligation to obey the law.2It is questionable, however, whether Finnis has presented the strongest possible case for his position. In the first section I outline Finnis's account of the relationship between basic goods, the common good, and the authority of law. Section II demonstrates how Finnis's emphasis upon the instrumental nature of the common good leaves his position vulnerable to Joseph Raz's objections3that not all cases of law make a moral difference and that governmental authority is often unnecessary to resolve coordination problems. I argue that Raz's critique nonetheless fails adequately to address an alternative defense of the existence of a generic and presumptive obligation to obey the law, suggested by some passages in Finnis's work, according to which the common good is integral, rather than merely instrumental, to the good of individuals. In the final section I consider whether Finnis could strengthen his case for a generic and presumptive obligation to obey the law by adopting a more consistently robust—and hence also more contentious—account of the common good.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Laski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Democracy ◽  
Forward Movement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Racial History ◽  
The Common ◽  
Chronological Time

This introductory chapter outlines the conceptual, historical, and literary stakes of the book’s examination of the place of progress in definitions of democracy. The chapter opens with a reading of Walt Whitman’s Democratic Vistas (1871) as articulating one of the constitutive tensions of standard narratives of American democracy: the tendency to locate this political form’s promise in a future that is divorced from the past of racial slavery. Offering context for Whitman’s vision, the chapter surveys key political, cultural, and legal developments that functioned to consolidate the idea of time as linear and progressive in the period that historians have termed the nadir of racial history in the United States. The chapter then outlines the contributions of the authors and activists at the center of this study who identify an untimely democratic hope in contesting the common-sense notion that the forward movement of chronological time entails change.

Toward a Speech Sciences Community

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Donald Finan ◽  
Stephen M. Tasko
Keyword(s):  
Science Research ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Mandated Curriculum ◽  
Professional Discipline ◽  
Common Area ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Speech Science

The history of speech-language pathology as a profession encompasses a tradition of knowledge generation. In recent years, the quantity of speech science research and the presence of speech scientists within the domain of the American Speech-Hearing-Language Association (ASHA) has diminished, even as ASHA membership and the size of the ASHA Convention have grown dramatically. The professional discipline of speech science has become increasingly fragmented, yet speech science coursework is an integral part of the mandated curriculum. Establishing an active, vibrant community structure will serve to aid researchers, educators, and clinicians as they work in the common area of speech science.

The Legacy of Reid's Common Sense in Analytic Epistemology

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-37
Author(s):  
Mark Boespflug
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Thomas Reid ◽  
The Common

The common sense that heavily informs the epistemology of Thomas Reid has been recently hailed as instructive with regard to some of the most fundamental issues in epistemology by a burgeoning segment of analytic epistemologists. These admirers of Reid may be called dogmatists. I highlight three ways in which Reid's approach has been a model to be imitated in the estimation of dogmatists. First, common sense propositions are taken to be the benchmarks of epistemology inasmuch as they constitute paradigm cases of knowledge. Second, dogmatists follow Reid in taking common sense propositions to provide boundaries for philosophical theorizing. Inasmuch as philosophical theorizing leads one to deny a common sense proposition, such theorizing is stepping outside of the bounds of what it can or should do. Third, dogmatists follow Reid in focusing heavily on the problem of skepticism and by responding to it by refusing to answer the demand for a meta-justification that the skeptic wants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document