Ruling Regions, Exploiting Resources

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Mattingly
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
Roman Economy ◽  
Roman Imperialism ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Imperial Power ◽  
Global And Local

In recent years, debate has started to explore the tensions between global and local aspects of the Roman economic world. This chapter argues that the Roman economy is not only best understood as an agglomeration of globalized regional economies but that we can also define a series of major mechanisms at work that governed discrete areas of economic activity. In particular, it focuses on the role of the state as a motor of economic activity through its status as an imperial power. It constructs some simple models built around colonial discourse analysis, rather than complex economic theory. The main purpose of this chapter is not to outline a new general model for the Roman economy but to reignite debate about the economic face of Roman imperialism.

Capital and Capitalism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit K. Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
Modern Industrial Society ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Laws And Regulations

The chapter summarizes the nature of capital and capitalism. The chapter also highlights concepts related to the role of the State in economic activity, and the nature of industrial policy. The initial concepts dealt with are that of capital as a fund, capital as structure and capital as capabilities. Capitalism necessitates socially organizing production. Assessing organizational and administrative contingencies is important for understanding capitalism. Institutions are the bedrock of capitalism. The broad roles of Government, in designing laws and regulations, building infrastructure and acting as entrepreneur, are discussed. The implementation of national industrial strategies facilitates growth. The nature of industrial strategies is highlighted. Industrial policy activities, as defined by the three facets of institutions, innovation and involvement, are discussed. With respect to India’s industrial strategy, independent India’s founders’ visions of a modern industrial society, grounded in a need to involve Government in institution building, are introduced.

Mexico's Pre-Revolutionary Reckoning with Railroads

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Theory ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Underdeveloped Country ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Economic Interpretation ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Railway System ◽  
Economic Considerations

Economic considerations all but dominate recent historical writing in this country about the railroads of Mexico. Technical matters of construction and operation, as well as the role of the state in both, are touched upon, but economic interpretation, whether of the development of a railway system or of its impact on the nation, is the watchword if not catchword of most writing. Probably the leading example of the dominant approach is Growth against Development: The Economic Impact of Railroads in Porfirian Mexico (Northern Illinois University Press, 1981), by John H. Coatsworth, in which the author concludes that, while “the short run contribution of railroads to economic growth was large,” their longrun impact helped “to create the underdeveloped country Mexico has become.” Applying economic theory and measuring, Coatsworth in essence proves with numbers a case argued more elegantly in straight prose early in this century: that the application of a modern transportation network to a staple producing economy will do little more than extend and intensify the production system so as to increase the staple output.

scholarly journals Does Culture Matter in Economic Behavior?

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward O'Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Mainstream Economic ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Mainstream Economics ◽  
The One

In this article we address the following question: does culture play a role in economic behavior? We conclude that culture influences economic behavior in all three areas of economic activity: work, consumption, and leisure. Our proof lies not so much in replicating certain experimental results, but in documenting in real-world circumstances how culture influences economic behavior. Attention to the role of culture in economic affairs acknowledges that humans are more than the one-dimensional, autonomous, individuals, as premised in mainstream economics, whose very existence is temporal, whose role in economic affairs is strictly instrumental, and whose behavior is virtually the same across cultures. We have argued that humans are two-dimensional twice over. First, humans are individual beings and social beings: solitary and communal, self-made and culture-bound, autonomous and dependent, rational and emotional, self-centered and other-centered. Second, humans are both matter and spirit. The duality of the human person, rooted in individuality and sociality, affords an opportunity to unify economic theory wherein individuality is the focus of microeconomics and sociality is the center of macroeconomics. Putting the isolated individual at the very heart of economics closes down that opportunity and assures that mainstream economic theory will remain truncated indefinitely. The makeover of mainstream economics will take place once neo-classical economists accept that the ultimate end of economic systems relates not to maximum personal net advantage but to integral human development.

scholarly journals Science and economy interrelation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-90
Author(s):  
Gennady V. Shepelev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
State Financing

The model of interrelation between science and Economics is considered. The analysis of scientific research as a specific economic activity is carried out. The role of state and non-state financing in the organization of business based on scientific research is investigated. Based on the proposed concept the processes of forming the demand for scientific research are studied. In particular, explanations are given for the lack of business demand on research results. The role of the state in forming a request for scientific research for various sectors of science is shown.

Commons in the Past and the Future of Law and Economics

Global Jurist ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Stojanovic
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Law And Economics ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Analytic Framework ◽  
Yale University ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future

Abstract This article explores the role of commons in law and economics under the assumption that its strength (following Calabresi. 2016. The Future of Law and Economics: Essays in Reform and Recollection. Yale University Press) comes from the ability to amplify economic theory by integrating elements of institutional reality into the analytic framework. Following an analysis of the role that the spoilage of commons has played in the early developments of the transaction cost framework, the article considers the ways in which the success of commons could amplify the law and economics further. I conclude these costs could be conceptualized by extending Calabresi’s own past work on the role of values in institutional arrangements in the direction of understanding the contributions and losses of different arrangements concerning the capacity of values motivate economic activity.

Management of the company's foreign economic activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor' Ivanov ◽  
Elena Temnyshova ◽  
Igor' Temnyshov ◽  
Aleksandr Mozgovoy ◽  
Aleksey Dubin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
World Market ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Russian Enterprise ◽  
Educational Standards ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The World ◽  
State Educational

The textbook deals with a set of issues related to the organization of foreign economic activity of a modern Russian enterprise. The article covers the basics of foreign economic activity, organization of international commercial operations, customs and international transportation, reveals the essence and features of international marketing, and shows the role of the state in managing foreign economic activity. The features of entering the world market, choosing a foreign partner, pricing, preparation and execution of foreign trade transactions are shown. Various aspects of insurance of foreign economic activity are revealed. Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For bachelors and masters of higher education institutions studying in economic areas, as well as for students of the system of professional development and retraining, specialists in Economics, managers of various levels.

scholarly journals Editorial introduction to ‘Collectivist planning’ by Michael Polanyi (1940)

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1055-1074
Author(s):  
Geoffrey M. Hodgson ◽  
Michael Polanyi
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Michael Polanyi ◽  
Early Article ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Post War

AbstractAfter an esteemed academic career as a chemist, Michael Polanyi switched to the social sciences and made significant contributions to our understanding of the nature and role of knowledge in society. Polanyi's argument concerning knowledge led him to emphasise the vital importance of decentralised mechanisms of adjustment and coordination, including markets. His article ‘Collectivist Planning’ (1940) enters into debates about the possibility (or otherwise) of centrally planning scientific and economic activity. This early article also foreshadows post-war debates within the Mont Pèlerin Socierty (formed in 1947) concerning the economic role of the state and the future of liberalism.

Reinterpreting the Geography of Accumulation: The Global Shift and Local Restructuring

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H Fagan ◽  
Richard D Le Heron
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Capital ◽  
Complex World ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Role Of The State

The authors argue that the nation is not the natural space for the circulation and reproduction of capital, and that this is vitally important in understanding the restructuring of economic activity since the mid-1970s. Rapidly increasing global integration of production, realisation of profit, and the circulation of financial capital have been recognised widely. Yet little consensus has developed about cither the theoretical or empirical impacts of globalisation on changing spatial divisions of labour within developed capitalist countries. The authors outline a model of globalisation in which an increasingly internationalised process of accumulation is expressed in, and reproduced through, the changing social relations of production which remain bounded territorially by nation-states. The model is built up from a synthesis of some apparently disparate theoretical positions on capitalist restructuring crises taken by researchers during the 1980s. These include theories of the internationalisation of capital and those dealing with restructuring within nation-states after the now much-debated transition out of the regime of accumulation which produced the long boom after 1950. Some of these theories have focused too narrowly on the circuit of production to the exclusion of the increasingly complex world trading links and with a severe underestimation of the importance of global financial capital during the 1980s. Methodological implications of the model are investigated and the role of the state in a globally integrated economy is illuminated.

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