On probabilistic-physical and entropy approaches to combustion processes and determination of fire hazard

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-51
Author(s):  
Valeriy V. Belozerov
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Problem Statement ◽  
Combustion Theory ◽  
Acoustic Methods ◽  
Combustion Processes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Empirical Approaches

Introduction. The article provides an overview of the existing approaches to solving the problem of combustion of substances and materials, for their adequacy in determining their fire hazard of products and objects. The relevance of the work is due to the need to move from latent forms in determining the fire hazard of materials and products made from them (degrees of fire resistance, flammability groups, groups of the effectiveness of fire retardant coatings, etc.) to analytical forms describing the processes in the combustion theory. Problem statement. The task of the research is to determine the relationship between the theory of combustion of substances and materials and to assess their fire hazard in natural and man-made systems. Theoretical part. The system analysis of solutions to the combustion theory problems is performed. Its results became the basis of probabilistic-physical and entropy approaches, as well as proposals for changing standards designed to provide protection from fires. Conclusions. The results of the study showed the need to revise empirical approaches in assessing the fire hazard of materials and products made from them, which includes using thermoanalytic and acoustic methods and means.

FEATURES OF THE COPPER(II) CARBONATE INFLUENCE ON AN INFLAMMABILITY OF EPOXY-AMINE COMPOSITES

Fire Safety ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
P. Pastuhov ◽  
O. Lavrenyuk ◽  
B. Mykhalitchko ◽  
V. Petrovskii
Keyword(s):  
Ignition Temperature ◽  
Inorganic Salt ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Ignition Point ◽  
Chemical Binding ◽  
Epoxy Amine ◽  
Coordination Bonds

Introduction. Inflammation susceptibility and the nature of combustion are one of the most important characteristics for the parametrization of the fire hazard of polymer materials. Because ignition is the occurrence process of the persistent flame near the surface of the material, which is preceded by the process of propagation of the flame front on its surface, the predisposition to ignition of the polymer materials plays an important role in the aspect of initiation of fires. A comparative evaluation of inflammation susceptibility of substances of different nature was carried out basing the determination of the ignition point and self-ignition point. Purpose. The work aims to determine the peculiarities of the influence of copper(II) carbonate on the increase of ignition point and self-ignition point of epoxy-amine composites. Metods. The experimental determination of the ignition point and self-ignition point was carried out according to all-Union State Standard 12.1.044-89 (4.7, 4.9 items). Toward this end, three samples of the test material were prepared with a weight of 3 g. Before testing, samples were conditioned in air. Results. Data on the effect of copper(II) carbonate on the value of ignition point and self-ignition point of the epoxy-amine composites indicate that the epoxy-amine-based composite, cured by the traditional amine hardener (PEPA), has lowest temperature of the ignition  and self-ignition. The temperture values of ignition and self-ignition increase as the content of copper(II) carbonate increases in the composite, measuring up a maximum value at 80 g of CuCO3 per 100 g of binder. It is proved that the reason for the increase of the ignition temperature and self-ignition temperature of the modified epoxy-amine composites is the appearance of strong coordination bonds that are formed due to the chemical binding of the combustible polyethylenepolyamine with the non-combustible inorganic salt (with copper(II) carbonate). The measured values of the ignition point and self-ignition point of the amine hardener (PEPA) of the epoxy-diane oligomer indicate that it is able to ignite at temperature 136ºC, and self-ignite at temperature 393ºС. After forming the chelate complex, the coordinated PEPA turns into a practically non-combustible substance. Conclusion. Consequently, the main factor that affects to make difficulty of ignition of organic nitrogen-containing substances is the efficient chemical binding N atoms of the combustible amine molecules with d-metal atom of the non-combustible inorganic salt, which is accompanied by the formation of sufficiently strong coordination bonds of the Cu(ІІ)¬N type. The resistance to ignition of the modified polymeric composites will depend on the binding strength of the copper(II) salt with an amine hardener. The mechanism of the fire retardant influence of the d-metal salts on combustion of the epoxy-amine-based composites consists in this. So, copper(II) compounds, in particular copper(II) carbonate, can successfully be used as the fire retardant additives enabling of efficiently lowering the fire hazard of synthetic polymers based on epoxy-amine composites.

scholarly journals Destructive Phenomena in the Youth Environment as an Object of Criminological Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulnaz Aglyamova ◽  
Elvira Kharisova
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Criminological Research ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Destructive Behaviors

The effectiveness of the prevention of destructive phenomena in the youth environment is impossible without conducting comprehensive criminological studies. This study analyzes the current situation with destructive phenomena in the youth environment, and the relationship of organized, recidivist crime with youth crime is under consideration. The article examines in detail the concepts of "destructive behavior", "destructive phenomena in the youth environment". The authors’ aim is to propose the ways to prevent destructive phenomena among young people. In addition the article examines the characteristics and structure of the personality of young people who are attracted to destructive phenomena. The questions of attracting young people to various terrorist, extremist and unauthorized organizations are investigated; the relationship of these phenomena with social negative background phenomena. The authors emphasize the need to strengthen educational measures, such as the prevention of destructive behaviors among young people. By using the dialectical-materialistic methodology, the study on the processes of determination of destructive phenomena in the youth environment was carried out. In the course of the study, the main scientific methods are: system-structural, statistical, system analysis method. The regulatory legal acts, statistical data and opinions of the scientists have been analyzed in this area.

Thromboplastin Related Differences in the Determination of International Normalised Ratio: A Cause for Concern?

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (03) ◽  
pp. 426-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kitchen ◽  
I D Walker ◽  
T A L Woods ◽  
F E Preston
Keyword(s):  
Patient Management ◽  
External Quality Assessment ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Warfarin Dosage ◽  
External Quality ◽  
External Quality Assessment Scheme ◽  
International Normalised Ratio ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryWhen the International Normalised Ratio (INR) is used for control of oral anticoagulant therapy the same result should be obtained irrespective of the laboratory reagent used. However, in the UK National External Quality Assessment Scheme (NEQAS) for Blood Coagulation INRs determined using different reagents have been significantly different.For 18 NEQAS samples Manchester Reagent (MR) was associated with significantly lower INRs than those obtained using Diagen Activated (DA, p = 0.0004) or Instrumentation Laboratory PT-Fib HS (IL, p = 0.0001). Mean INRs for this group were 3.15, 3.61, and 3.65 for MR, DA, and IL respectively. For 61 fresh samples from warfarin-ised patients with INRs of greater than 3.0 the relationship between thromboplastins in respect of INR was similar to that observed for NEQAS data. Thus INRs obtained with MR were significantly lower than with DA or IL (p <0.0001). Mean INRs for this group were 4.01, 4.40, and 4.59 for MR, DA, and IL respectively.We conclude that the differences between INRs measured with the thromboplastins studied here are sufficiently great to influence patient management through warfarin dosage schedules, particularly in the upper therapeutic range of INR. There is clearly a need to address the issues responsible for the observed discrepancies.

Modern determinants of endometrium hyperplastic processes pathogenesis

2016 ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
V.O. Benyuk ◽  
◽  
V.M. Goncharenko ◽  
T.R. Nykoniuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Therapy ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Receptor Phenotype ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Endometrial Proliferation

The objective: to еxplore the relationship between the activity of endometrial proliferation and the state of the local immune response in the uterus in the conditions berprestasi process. Patients and methods. Examined 228 women of reproductive and perimenopausal age with endometrial pathology using ultrasound and then performing hysteroresectoscopy. Determination of the concentrations of the cytokines IL-1, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF was performed by solid phase ELISA. Results. Found a trend that confirms the loss of sensitivity to hormones at the stage of malignancy of the endometrium and can be used as diagnostic determinants in determining the nature of intrauterine pathology and criterion of the effectiveness of conservative therapy. Conclusion. Improving etiopatogenetice approach to the therapy of hyperplastic proce.sses of endometrium with determination of receptor phenotype of the endometrium is a research direction in modern gynecology, which will help to improve the results of treatment and prevention of intrauterine pathology. Key words: endometrial hyperplasia,the receptors for progesterone and estrogen, immunohistochemical method.

Calculating the aerodynamics of vertical axis wind turbines

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Thi Bich Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Incidence Angle ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Rotor Blades ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Velocity Triangle ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Vertical axis wind turbine technology has been applied last years, very long after horizontal axis wind turbine technology. Aerodynamic problems of vertical axis wind machines are discussible. An important problem is the determination of the incidence law in the interaction between wind and rotor blades. The focus of the work is to establish equations of the incidence depending on the blade azimuth, and to solve them. From these results, aerodynamic torques and power can be calculated. The incidence angle is a parameter of velocity triangle, and both the factors depend not only on the blade azimuth but also on the ratio of rotational speed and horizontal speed. The built computational program allows theoretically selecting the relationship of geometric parameters of wind turbine in accordance with requirements on power, wind speed and installation conditions.

Tire Treadwear — A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Factors: Generic Type, Aspect Ratio, Tread Pattern, and Tread Composition Part I: Introduction and Details on the Organization of the Program

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Veith
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Systematic Determination ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This four-part series of papers addresses the problem of systematic determination of the influence of several tire factors on tire treadwear. Both the main effect of each factor and some of their interactive effects are included. The program was also structured to evaluate the influence of some external-to-tire conditions on the relationship of tire factors to treadwear. Part I describes the experimental design used to evaluate the effects on treadwear of generic tire type, aspect ratio, tread pattern (groove or void level), type of pattern (straight rib or block), and tread compound. Construction procedures and precautions used to obtain a valid and functional test method are included. Two guiding principles to be used in the data analyses of Parts II and III are discussed. These are the fractional groove and void concept, to characterize tread pattern geometry, and a demonstration of the equivalence of wear rate for identical compounds on whole tread or multi-section tread tires.

The Awareness Level of the Safety and Health of the Operational Level

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Roshanira Che Mohd Noor ◽  
Nur Atiqah Rochin Demong
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Operational Level ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Awareness Level

Providing a safe and healthy workplace is one of the most effective strategies in for holding down the cost of doing construction business. It was a part of the overall management system to facilitate themanagement of the occupational health and safety risk that are associated with the business of the organization. Factors affected the awareness level inclusive of safety and health conditions, dangerous working area, long wait care and services and lack of emergency communication werethe contributed factors to the awareness level for the operational level. Total of 122 incidents happened at Telekom Malaysia Berhad as compared to year 2015 only 86 cases. Thus, the main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between safety and health factors and the awareness level among operational workers.The determination of this research was to increase the awareness level among the operational level workerswho committing to safety and health environment.

DETERMINATION OF P53 GENE CODON 72 POLYMORPHISMS IN PATIENTS WITH GASTRIC CANCER

2013 ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Thi Tuy Ha Nguyen ◽  
Thi Minh Thi Ha
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
P53 Gene ◽  
Diffuse Gastric Cancer ◽  
Codon 72 ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Gastric Cancer Patients ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The role of p53 gene in the gastric cancer is still controversial. This study is aimed at determining the rate of the p53 gene codon 72 polymorphisms in gastric cancer patients and evaluating the relationship between these polymorphisms and endoscopic and histopathological features of gastric cancer. Patients and methods: Sixty eight patients with gastric cancer (cases) and one hundred and thirty six patients without gastric cancer (controls) were enrolled. p53 gene codon 72 polymorphisms were determined by PCR-RFLP technique with DNA extracted from samples of gastric tissue. Results: In the group of gastric cancer, Arginine/Argnine, Arginine/Proline and Proline/Proline genotypes were found in 29.4%, 42.7% and 27.9%, respectively. The differences of rates were not statistically significant between cases and controls (p > 0,05). In males, the Proline/Proline genotype was found in 38.1% in patients with gastric cancer and more frequent in patients without gastric cancer (15.7%, p = 0,01). An analysis of ROC curve showed that the cut-off was the age of 52 in the Proline/Proline genotype, but it was 65 years old in the Arginine/Proline genotype. The Proline/Proline genotype was found in 41.9% in Borrmann III/IV gastric cancer, this rate was higher than Borrmann I/II gastric cancer (16.2%, p = 0.037) and also higher than controls (18.4%, p = 0,01). The rate of Proline/Proline genotype was 41.7% in the diffuse gastric cancer, it was higher than in controls (p = 0,023). Conclusion: No significative difference of rate was found in genotypes between gastric cancer group and controls. However, there was the relationship between Proline/Proline genotype and gastric cancer in males, Borrmann types of gastric cancer, the diffuse gastric cancer. Key words: polymorphism, codon 72, p53 gene, PCR - RFLP, gastric cancer.

The relationship between musty-odor-causing organisms and water quality in Lake Biwa

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kajino ◽  
K. Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Lake Biwa ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Odor Compounds ◽  
Musty Odor ◽  
The Relationship

Musty odor has occurred annually in Lake Biwa since 1969. Osaka municipal waterworks, which is located downstream of Lake Biwa, has made many efforts to treat musty-odor compounds produced in Lake Biwa from spring through autumn. With the development of analytical methods for the determination of musty-odor compounds, we have been able to confirm that planktonic blue-green algae are the major causes of the musty-odor occurrences. The relationship between the growth of blue-green algae and the water quality was not so apparent. However, through our data analysis focusing on the relationship between musty-odor occurrences due to Phormidium tenue or Oscillatoria tenuis and some nutrients in Lake Biwa, we found that the concentration of nitrate in water may be an important parameter for the estimation of growth of the algae and the musty-odor behavior.

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