scholarly journals METHOD OF REFLEXIVE LEARNING TO SOLVE MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS

Author(s):  
Мария Андреевна Кислякова

Введение. Методика обучения математике имеет многовековую историю, в которой отражаются все успехи педагогов по созданию системы математического образования как в России, так и в мире. Несмотря на то, что эта система, функционируя длительное время, давала выдающиеся результаты, к настоящему времени математические дисциплины являются самыми трудными предметами для учащихся как в школе, так и в вузе. Это приводит к тому, что появляются крайние точки зрения, призывающие исключить учебный предмет «Математика» из школьного и вузовского курсов из-за его трудности и низкой успеваемости учащихся. Решением этой проблемы в современном мире может стать привлечение психолого-ориентированных концепций обучения, одной из которых является теория рефлексивного обучения. Представлен один из аспектов применения этой теории к практике математического образования, а именно рефлексивное обучение решению математических задач. Цель – разработать методику обучения «обобщенному алгоритму» решения математических задач на основе стимулирования рефлексивных механизмов деятельности. Материал и методы. Материалом исследования послужили работы отечественных и зарубежных авторов, посвященные проблемам методики обучения решению задач и психологии рефлексивного обучения. Их представления позволили применить теорию рефлексивного обучения к обучению учащихся сознательному регулированию собственной математической деятельности. Рефлексивные умения являются основой способности к интеллектуальной саморегуляции и, следовательно, условием продуктивной интеллектуальной математической деятельности. Результаты и обсуждение. Возможности стимулирования познавательной активности учащихся на основе рефлексии своих мыслительных процессов видится авторами как один из путей решения психологических и методических трудностей в обучении решению математических задач. Методика обучения решению задач включает обучение учащихся сознательному выполнению четырех основных этапов. Формирование умения анализировать условие задачи, поиск решения задачи, правильное оформление идеи решения задачи и проверка правильности осуществленного решения выполняются с опорой на ментальный опыт учащегося с применением рефлексивных стратегий обучения. Заключение. В результате рефлексивного обучения решению математических задач у учащихся сформируется «обобщенное умение» решать математические задачи. Introduction. The method of teaching mathematics has a long history, which reflects all the success of teachers in creating a system of mathematical education both in Russia and in the world. Despite the fact that this system has been functioning for a long time and has produced outstanding results, mathematical subjects are currently the most difficult subjects for students both at school and at University. This leads to the fact that there are extreme points of view calling for the exclusion of the subject «Mathematics» from school and University courses due to its difficulty and low student performance. The solution to this problem in the modern world can be the use of psychologically-oriented learning concepts, one of which is the theory of reflexive learning. This article presents one of the aspects of applying this theory to the practice of mathematical education, namely reflexive learning to solve mathematical problems. The purpose of the article is to develop a methodology for teaching a «generalized algorithm» for solving mathematical problems based on stimulating reflexive mechanisms of activity. Materials and methods. The research material is the work of domestic and foreign authors devoted to the problems of teaching methods for solving problems and the psychology of reflexive learning. Their ideas allowed us to apply the theory of reflexive learning to teaching students to consciously regulate their own mathematical activities. Reflexive skills are the basis of the ability to intellectual self-regulation, and, consequently, a condition for productive intellectual mathematical activity. Results and discussion. The authors see the possibility of stimulating students’ cognitive activity based on reflection of their thought processes as one of the ways to solve psychological and methodological difficulties in learning to solve mathematical problems. The method of teaching problem solving involves teaching students to consciously perform four main stages. Formation of skills to analyze the problem, the solution to this problem, proper design of the idea of solving the problem and verifying the implemented solution is based on the mental experience of the student with the use of reflective learning strategies. Conclusion. As a result of reflexive learning to solve mathematical problems, students will develop a «generalized ability» to solve mathematical problems.

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry Chih-Yuan Sun ◽  
Helena Seli ◽  
Brandon Martinez ◽  
Yu-Yan Lin

Plenty-of-Time Teaching (PoTT) is a teaching strategy adopted by teachers to better understand students' learning status through pre-class activities in order to facilitate adjustments to teaching methods. Extending the concept of PoTT, the goal of this study is to explore the impact of Plenty-of-Time Learning (PoTL) on students' self-regulation, test anxiety, cognitive engagement, and learning performance. Participants were 167 students enrolled in an introductory educational psychology class in which the instructor used either PoTL or Just-in-Time Learning (JiTL) strategy. Students who adopted the PoTL strategy engaged in BlackBoard polling question-and-answer activities that helped teachers understand the overall learning status of the students. The study results indicated that the PoTL strategy enhanced student performance. We recommend that when using PoTL in the future, teachers can open up an online discussion platform to help students not only better understand their own learning situation but also improve their learning strategies.


HUMANIKA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Ati Lasmanawati

Artikel mengkaji strategi pembelajaran self-regulation dalam mengembangkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika. Self-regulation merupakan sebuah proses belajar individu melalui faktor lingkungan (environment), faktor pribadi (person) dan faktor perilaku (behavior). Komponen kemampuan self-regulation terdiri atas komponen kognitif, motivasi dan metakognisi. Pada kegiatan pembelajaran khususnya pada mata pelajaran matematika, peserta didik harus mempelajari kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kemampuan memecahkan masalah dari fakta-fakta yang sudah ada (learn by doing). Strategi pembelajaran self-regulation adalah suatu strategi pembelajaran yang memberikan keleluasaan kepada peserta didik untuk mengelola secara efektif pembelajarnya sendiri dalam berbagai cara sehingga mencapai hasil belajar yang optimal. Penerapan strategi pembelajaran self-regulation terhadap peserta didik, akan memberikan dampak pada pengembangan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika. Peserta didik yang memiliki self-regulation, akan memiliki motivasi yang lebih besar dalam belajar dan memecahkan masalah matematika. This article examines self-regulation learning strategies in developing mathematical problem-solving abilities. Self-regulation is an individual learning process through environmental factors, personal factors and behavioral factors. The component of self-regulation ability consists of cognitive, motivation and metacognition components. In learning activities, especially in mathematics, students must learn the ability to think critically and the ability to solve problems from the facts that already exist (learn by doing). Self-regulation learning strategy is a learning strategy that gives students the freedom to effectively manage their own learners in various ways so as to achieve optimal learning outcomes. The application of self-regulation learning strategies to students will have an impact on the development of mathematical problem solving abilities. Students who have self-regulation, will have greater motivation in learning and solving mathematical problems.


Author(s):  
Natalia Podkhodova ◽  
Victoria Snegurova

Mathematical literacy is the main indicator of the mathematical development of schoolchildren from different countries. In the concept of the direction "mathematical literacy" of the PISA-2021 study, the key component of the concept of mathematical literacy is mathematical reasoning. The development of this skill, first of all, is determined by the stylistic features of the cognitive activity of students in the study of mathematics. Taking them into account in the development of educational material in mathematics will create optimal conditions for the formation of a key component of mathematical literacy. But there are many stylistic features of cognitive activity. Therefore, to develop optimal conditions, taking into account the style features, it is necessary to answer the question: "Which of the style features of cognitive activity have a stronger effect on the effectiveness of solving mathematical problems and how to implement them in educational mathematical activity." In our study, we identified various ways of implementing style features in educational mathematical material, one of the most significant are ways of presenting (coding) information. With this in mind, an experiment was conducted. We applied analysis of variance to its results. The study showed: 1) in general, it is possible to trace relations between successful mathematical problem solving by students with certain individual styles and the way the selected problem is represented; 2) it is necessary to make further research on students' awareness of their personal cognitive characteristics (style features).  


Author(s):  
Carla Haelermans

AbstractThis study analyses the effects of group differentiation by students’ learning strategies of around 1200 students in 46 classes from eight secondary schools in the Netherlands. In an experimental setup with randomization at the class level, division of students over three groups per class (an instruction-independent group, an average group, and an instruction-dependent group) is based on learning strategies, measures using the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). Each group is offered instruction fitting their own learning strategy. The results show that student performance is higher in classes where the differentiation was applied, and that these students score higher at some scales of the posttest of the questionnaire on motivation, metacognition and self-regulation. However, there are differences between classrooms from different teachers. Additional teacher questionnaires confirm the discrepancy in teacher attitudes towards the intervention.


Author(s):  
Hui-Ru Shih ◽  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Evelyn J. Leggette ◽  
Gordon Skelton

Self-regulated Learning (SRL) focuses on the use of self-evaluation and self-motivation to aid the student in developing the correct habits, techniques, and tools necessary for success in a learning environment. With self-regulated learning, students can evaluate their study and learning strategies. Training programs that promote self-regulated learning have been found to be beneficial for students’ learning. SRL is currently viewed as a vital prerequisite for the successful acquisition of knowledge in school and beyond. However, SRL is not well known and utilized by the Engineering and Technology education community for facilitating student learning. Self-regulated learning is an important but difficult concept to present to students. The application of self-regulation to learning is a complicated process involving not only the awareness and application of learning strategies but also extensive reflection and self-awareness. This paper describes the design and development of the SRL instructional strategies, their implementation, and the evaluation of their effectiveness. The outcomes are provided and recommendations are discussed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Humera Zafar Ali Khan ◽  
Amina Ahmad ◽  
Abid Ashar ◽  
Hamid Mahmood

Background: The residents who pass exit fellowship examination in few attempts adopt certain strategies for early success. The lived experiences of residents passing FCPS final examination in few attempts, barriers to success and strategies to overcome those barriers were studied. Participants and methodology: This phenomenological research study was conducted at Services Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan from June 2015 to May 2017. Purposeful snowball sampling was done. Eleven residents who passed their Final FCPS examination in few attempts, in the last 15 years were included in the study. Semi-structured open-ended interview of the residents was audio-recorded and transcribed. Three themes of helpful factors, barriers encountered and suggestions to overcome those barriers to get through the final FCPS examination and the emerging sub-themes were analyzed and textural and structural description were assigned. Results: Three themes were based on the aim of study and their related emerging sub-themes were found. The helpful factors included self-directed learning, peer assisted learning, interactive educational environment, rehearsal and self-determination. Barriers encountered were related to learning difficulties, competing responsibilities and physical and emotional burnout. Lastly, suggestions to overcome the barriers were use of multiple technology based learning strategies, developing self-confidence and self-efficacy together with prioritization of emotional and physical wellbeing. Conclusions: This study found that self-regulation and internal motivation were important strategies for success in the FCPS exit examination. Barriers can be overcome through technology based learning and increased self-efficacy and prioritizing physical and emotional wellbeing.


Author(s):  
Angela M. Kurth ◽  
Darcia Narvaez

Like every animal, human offspring evolved to fit into their communities, but social fittedness for mammals requires a supportive early nest that fosters socio-emotional intelligence, self-regulation, and sympathy. Within a supportive environment, children naturally develop orientations that facilitate prosocial behaviours within the community. We use the evolved developmental niche (EDN), apparent in 95% of human history as small-band hunter-gatherers, for a baseline representative of human evolution. In these societies, children grow into cooperative, agile moral actors. We compare the EDN with five modern approaches to young child group care and make suggestions to early caregivers on how to provide, in the modern world, what children evolved to need.


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
A.I. Taleeva ◽  
◽  
I.T. Madumarova ◽  
N.V. Zvyagina ◽  
◽  
...  

The dynamic development of the modern world requires the processing and development of a large enough amount of information in a short period of time, which leads to a violation of the psychophysiological and psycho-emotional balance of the person. Violation of the psycho-emotional state leads to the development of increased anxiety. Students need to learn a lot of information in a very short time. The time limit affects students as a stress factor, leads to increased stress and therefore negatively affects the quality of work and in general on the whole body. The aim of the study is to determine the success of cognitive tasks by students of the Northern (Arctic) Federal University with different levels of anxiety in different time conditions. The study used a psychophysiological testing device to determine the level of situational and personal anxiety, to assess the psycho-emotional state used the technique of simple visual-motor reaction, to determine the success of the cognitive task were presented words with one missing letter.


2014 ◽  
pp. 443-459
Author(s):  
Kristen Sullivan

This paper addresses the issue of how to assess learners’ engagement with activities designed to develop self-regulatory learning strategies in the context of foreign language teaching and learning. The argument is that, if the aim of these activities is the development of learners’ self-regulation, then the assessment practices used must also reflect this orientation. The problem herein is that traditional assessment practices are typically normative in nature, endorsing understandings of intelligence as fixed and failure as unacceptable. Using such approaches to assess learner engagement with self-regulated learning activities will undermine efforts to promote learner development, and may demotivate learners. This paper will discuss these issues through a critical reflection on assessment practices used to evaluate EFL learners’ engagement with an assessable homework activity designed to develop their self-regulatory strategies. It is argued that learning-oriented assessment principles and practices are most suited to the evaluation of self-regulated learning in EFL. Potential issues related to the application of learning-oriented assessment in EFL contexts are also discussed.


2014 ◽  
pp. 342-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Nakata

Both researchers and practitioners in the field of foreign language education are increasingly interested in the notions of self-regulation and learner autonomy. Indeed, there is a growing body of evidence highlighting the importance of self-regulation in promoting learner autonomy. For many practitioners, an important question to be addressed is how to help learners become more self-regulated in order to promote their learner autonomy. As it stands, however, the majority of learner autonomy research following this line of inquiry has been conducted within the framework of language learning strategies. Although learner autonomy research conducted within the framework of language learning strategies has to some extent contributed to addressing the question above, it has not provided enough guidance to practitioners and practitioner trainers, especially those who are struggling to promote autonomy in their learners in the EFL school context, which is full of constraints and limitations and does not allow much freedom. The present paper attempts to fill this gap, first by comparing the roots and the avenues of development of these two (essentially related but) distinct research areas—self-regulation and learner autonomy—and then by integrating the notion of self-regulation within the theoretical framework of learner autonomy, together with other notions of agency, teacher autonomy and scaffolding.


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