scholarly journals EMERGENCE OF EDUCATION IN TOMSK GUBERNIYA: FROM THE ARCHIAL FUNDS

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Валентина Ивановна Ревякина ◽  
Семен Олегович Семибратов
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
New Schools ◽  
Current State ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Literacy Experience

Основная цель статьи – показать историю становления и развития начальных училищ и гимназий (мужских и женских) в сибирских территориях периода ХVII – начала ХХ в. на архивных материалах уникального томского школьного музея народного образования. Представлена динамика создания и функционирования различных типов образовательных учреждений духовного ведомства и сословного предназначения. На основе данных из архивных фондов музея народного образования города Томска подчеркнута роль выдающихся общественных деятелей и сибирских просветителей П. И. Макушина и Г. Н. Потанина по строительству новых школ и созданию различных образовательно-просветительских обществ, среди которых Общество попечения о начальном образовании. Показан опыт распространения грамотности населения на территориях Томской губернии путем открытия бесплатных библиотек, книжных магазинов, общедоступных музеев. Описана история школьного музея народного образования, в котором документально представлена целостная картина школьного образования в период существования Томской губернии до 1925 г. Архивные документы и экспонаты музея также отражают современное состояние педагогических кадров, содержание учебных программ и достижения школьной системы образования. The main purpose of this article is to illustrate the historical emergence and developing of elementary schools, men and women gymnasiums in Siberian territories in the period of of the 17th - early 20th centuries using archival materials from the unique school museum of public education in Tomsk. The dynamic of formation and functioning of the various types of ecclesiastical educational institutions and class purpose are presented. On the basis of data from the archival funds of the Museum of Public Education of the city of Tomsk, the role of prominent public figures and Siberian educators P.I. Makushin and G.N. Potanin in the construction of new schools and the creation of various educational societies, including the Society for the Care of Primary Education. The distribution of literacy experience is illustrated by means of creation free libraries, book shops and accessible museum on the Tomsk province territories. Today more than a hundred municipal and departamental museums operate on the territory of the modern Tomsk region. Most of these museums have special sections containing archival documents and exhibits, dedicated to education. The article describes the history of the Tomsk school museum of public education, which documents a complete picture of school education during the existence of the Tomsk province until 1925. Archival documents also reflect the current state of the teaching staff, the content of educational programs and achievements of the school educational system.

FROM THE PARISH SCHOOL TO THE CITY HIGHER SCHOOL (ST. SAHAK AND MESROP SCHOOL IN NAKHICHEVAN-ON-DON)

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
Stepan K. Choriyan
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Parochial Schools ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intellectual Level ◽  
Armenian Population ◽  
The City

This article is devoted to the history of the higher primary school of Saints Sahak and Mesrop and its role in raising the intellectual level of the Nakhichevan population. The Crimean Armenian immigrants resettled on the Don land from the very beginning showed concern for the education of the younger generation. Since that time, the first educational institutions of the city-parochial schools have ceased to meet the educational needs of the urban population, as a result of which some parochial schools have evolved to a higher primary school, which can be clearly seen on the example of the School named after Saint Sahak and Mesrop. The article traces the difficulties and problems that the school's management had to face in the process of its development. The author examines the educational programs, as well as the teaching staff of the school. The successful functioning of the school was due to the invaluable assistance from both the entire Nakhichevan society and individual patrons in the education of the local Armenian population.

scholarly journals On the question of organizing the first classical secondary schools of mariupol in Novorossiysk region

2020 ◽  
pp. 172-179
Author(s):  
Dzhuletta V. Mikhaylova
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Technical Base ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Town

The article deals with the problem of studying the history of organizing public education in the town of Mariupol and the district. The author seeks to trace the process of establishing the first classical secondary school for men and women, initiated by the teacher and educator Feoktist Khartakhay. The basis of the scientific research is the data on F. Khartakhay’s phased organization of process of opening educational institutions – from goal-setting to the implementation of the objective, the teaching staff of the schools, their material and technical base, academic staff, sources of funding.

scholarly journals The Dutchman Herman Boerhaave and the Russian Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov are brilliant medical scientists, whose remembrance will be eternal

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-169
Author(s):  
Inge Hendriks ◽  
◽  
Inga Goriacheva ◽  
James Bovill ◽  
Fredrik Boer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Applied Anatomy ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
The City ◽  
Scientific Achievements

The Dutchman Herman Boerhaave (1668–1738) and the Russian Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov (1810–1881) were brilliant physicians who made significant contributions to the practice of medicine. Herman Boerhaave graduated as a doctor in 1693 and eventually became professor of medicine, botany and chemistry at the University of the city Leiden. He is perhaps best known as a teacher and for introducing bedside teaching to the medical curriculum. Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov qualified as a physician in 1828 at the Moscow University, was awarded with his PhD at the German-Baltic University of Dorpat in 1832. In 1836 he was appointed as a professor in Dorpat and in 1841 as professor of surgery and applied anatomy at the Imperial Medico-Surgical Academy in St. Petersburg. Scientific achievements of N. I. Pirogov in medicine are multifaceted: he is the originator of unique technologies for studying the structure of a human being and developed anatomical atlases on these technologies. He was a virtuoso surgeon, an early adopter of ether anaesthesia, and innovator of medical triage and evacuation of the wounded. Why in one article a comparison the scientific achievements of these two brilliant personalities, who have entered the world history of medicine, are investigated, becomes clear from the words of N. I. Pirogov, who greatly appreciated Herman Boerhaave. Pirogov wrote that “…he did not consider himself an equal to Herman Boerhaave…” Was Pirogov right or were it modest words, this is up to the reader to decide. The influence of Anglo-Saxon literature and scientific schools, the role of Herman Boerhaave in the professional develop ment of N. I. Pirogov, and the innovations created by them in medicine were analysed on basis of archival documents.

scholarly journals Stosunki polsko-żydowskie na Uniwersytecie Poznańskim w latach 1919–1939 w świetle materiałów archiwalnych

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Mądry
Keyword(s):  
University Professors ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Jewish Students ◽  
The Many ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

Polish-Jewish Relations at Poznan University, 1919-1939, in Light of Archival MaterialsThis article covers Polish-Jewish relations at Poznań University between 1919 and the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939, in light of unpublished documents from the archives of the University (since renamed Adam Mickiewicz University). It begins by describing the demographics of Poznań and the relationship between the Jewish and Polish populations of the city in 1919, the year which marked both Greater Poland (Wielkopolska) regaining its independence and the founding of Poznań University. Based on the evidence provided by the  unpublished archival documents, the article then assesses how and why the situation of Jewish students at the University changed over time. Particular attention is paid to the role of youth organisations, especially All Polish Youth (Młodzież Wszechpolska), the aim of which was to entirely ban Jews from attending the institution. The article also examines the attitudes of University professors towards Jews, both in  terms of their personal views and the research they conducted. Analysing the unpublished documents from the University’s archives serves as the first step towards filling in the many blank pages in the history of this institution of higher education. Having said this, further inter-disciplinary studies are needed by historians and specialists in fields such as psychology, sociology, ethnology and cultural studies, before a complete explanation can be provided as to why a conflict between Polish and Jewish students broke out at Poznań University.  Stosunki polsko-żydowskie na Uniwersytecie Poznańskim w latach 1919–1939 w świetle materiałów archiwalnychArtykuł ten ukazuje stosunki polsko-żydowskie na Uniwersytecie Poznańskim w latach 1919–1939, tj. w okresie od założenia Uniwersytetu do wybuchu II wojny światowej, w świetle nieopublikowanych  dotychczas dokumentów znajdujących się w zbiorach archiwum Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. Zwraca uwagę na sytuację demograficzną oraz stosunki pomiędzy ludnością polską i żydowską w Poznaniu w 1919 roku, tj. w momencie odzyskania przez Wielkopolskę niepodległości i utworzenia Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego. Następnie na podstawie analizy dokumentów przedstawiona jest w nim zmieniającą się z biegiem lat sytuacja młodzieży żydowskiej studiującej na Uniwersytecie Poznańskim oraz jej przyczyny, z podkreśleniem roli, jaką odegrały organizacje młodzieżowe, a zwłaszcza Młodzież Wszechpolska. Celem ich było całkowite wyeliminowanie Żydów z tej uczelni. Na uwagę zasługuje także stosunek niektórych profesorów do Żydów zarówno pod kątem ich poglądów, jak i prowadzonych badań. Przeprowadzona analiza materiałów w archiwum UAM jest pierwszym krokiem do zapisania wielu dotychczas jeszcze białych kart w dziejach tej uczelni. Pełne wyjaśnienie przyczyn konfliktu pomiędzy studentami narodowości polskiej i żydowskiej na UP wymaga podjęcia dalszych szeroko zakrojonych badań interdyscyplinarnych zarówno przez historyków, jak i przez specjalistów z takich dziedzin nauki, jak psychologia, socjologia, etnologia czy kulturoznawstwo.

scholarly journals The role of public and private initiatives in the development of public education in Minusinsk District of Yenisei Province in the late XIX – early XX centuries

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-53
Author(s):  
Svetlana Zlotnikova Gennad'evna Zlotnikova
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Elementary Education ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Periodical Press ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Board Of Regents ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Subject

The subject of this research is public and private initiatives of the population in the development of public education in the Minusinsk District of Yenisei Province in the late XIX – early XX centuries. The goal consists in studying the role of public and private initiatives in the development of public education in the territory of Minusinsk District of Yenisei Province over the period under review. The article employs the cultural-historical and historical-geographical methods; historiographical framework is comprised of the materials of pre-revolutionary periodical press (the newspaper “Eastern Review”), statistical data of Reviews of Yenisei Province, archival documents of the Minusinsk State Archive, and published documentation. Special attention is given to charitable activity of such individuals as I. G. Gusev, V. A. Danilov, F. F. Devyatov, N. M. Martyanov, I. M. Sibiryakov, and others in the sphere of public education. The article reviews the role of the Board of Regents of Minusinsk Women's Professional Gymnasium and Minusinsk Society for the Monitoring of Elementary Education on the issue of literacy of the local population. The conclusion is made that the autonomous socially important activity of the representatives of merchantry and peasantry, as well as nongovernmental organizations, contributed to an increase in the number of schools, improvement of financial situation of educational institutions of Minusinsk District, and attraction competent pedagogues to the Siberian province.

scholarly journals Уфа — культурный центр мусульман Российской империи на рубеже XIX–ХХ вв.: становление, развитие, наследие

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1243-1255
Author(s):  
Gulnaz B. Azamatova ◽  
◽  
Mikhail I. Rodnov ◽  
Marsil N. Farkhshatov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
The City

Introduction. In the Southern Urals traditionally densely inhabited by Turkic peoples, the role of Ufa for the cultural and economic development of Bashkirs and Tatars was extremely important. Goals. The article highlights key moments in the formation of administrative, intellectual and economic resources in the Southern Ural capital, the systemic combination of which has turned Ufa into a center for the Muslim peoples of Russia’s East. The conceptual insight into cultural history of the multinational city presupposes analyses of religious, economic, and sociopolitical preconditions for its emergence. Materials. Along with historiographic data, the article investigates periodicals, archival documents, including a large array of reporting papers by the Volga-Kama Commercial Bank stored at the Russian State Historical Archives. Results. The early history of Ufa was associated with the existence of a Tatar settlement in the city and the shaping of a layer of non-Russian officials and nobility. The strategic efforts aimed at eliminating the influence of Central Asian and Turkish Muslims on co-religionists in the eastern outskirts of Russia resulted in an unprecedented project to create Orenburg Muftiate in Ufa. The latter’s activities became the main prerequisite for further concentration of intellectual and social resources of Russian Muslims in the city. The economic base of Muslim parishes with a full-fledged infrastructure — mosques, madrasas and maktabs — was largely formed by wealthy Ufa-based Muslim merchants. The role of Ufa in the social and political life of Russian Muslims can be traced through the development of the media, regional and national Muslim congresses. Conclusions. The development of Ufa as a center of Russia’s Turko-Islamic society contributes to the understanding of the phenomenon of cultural regionalism and its content.

scholarly journals PARTICIPATION OF THE KOMSOMOL AND YOUTH OF THE TATAR ASSR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF VIRGIN LANDS IN THE 1950s (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE ARCHIVE OF NUR-SULTAN)

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zh.S. Mazhitova ◽  
◽  
A.Zh. Zhalmurzina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
The State ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Youth Movement ◽  
Virgin Land ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Work ◽  
The Creation

Based on archival documents of the state archive of Nur-Sultan, the author examines the history of the creation and development of student and youth teams that arrived to conquer virgin lands in Kazakhstan from the Tatar ASSR, assesses the role of the squad movement, the importance of competitions between youth teams in raising virgin land. It is concluded that with the development of the student and youth movement, it is formed as a special institution that was engaged not only in the organization of economic work, but also in public education.

scholarly journals THE DIARY OF K.A. BEREZKIN AS A SOURCE ON THE HISTORY OF GYMNASIUM EDUCATION IN VOLOGDA IN THE MIDDLE OF THE XIX CENTURY

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Tatyana N. Ivanova ◽  
Andrey A. Baev
Keyword(s):  
System Development ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Central Place ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Russian Education

The article gives an assessment of gymnasium education in Vologda in the middle of the XIX century based on the analysis of the diary written by Kirill Antonovich Berezkin, one of the students of Vologda provincial men’s gymnasium, and other archival documents. The article provides as well a brief description of the archival funds on the history of education kept in the State Archive of the Vologda Region. The role of sources of personal origin in studying the interior life of educational institutions is shown. Biographical information about K.A. Berezkin and the history of finding the diary are described. The plot lines of the diary are analyzed: descriptions of the events of Vologda life, famous personalities of Vologda, assessments of gymnasium teachers. It is interesting that the new source makes it possible to supplement the description of a prominent figure of Russian education, Fedor Nikolaevich Fortunatov, who in 1833–1852 was a teacher and, at the same time, since 1838, an inspector in Vologda gymnasium. The evidence enables to assess the level of the provincial educational system development. By the middle of the XIX century on the territory of Vologda province there was a seminary in Vologda, men’s and women’s uyezd and parish schools, vocational schools, rural and private schools for men, schools of the State Property department, but among them the central place was occupied by Vologda provincial men’s gymnasium.

scholarly journals The Library Аctivity of Katerinoslav Scientific Archival Commission

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Ludmila M. Luchka
Keyword(s):  
Educational Leaders ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Local Society ◽  
Historical Societies ◽  
District Council ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Imperial State

At the end of the 19th century archival commissions as historical societies began to work in the provinces of the Imperial state. The application about opening of Katerinoslav province scientific commission was prepared in 1902. It was signed by famous elective district council members, public figures, cultural and educational leaders. The society of historians, archivists, ethnographers, archeologists and specialists in regional studies worked in Katerinoslav in 1903?1916. The author shows history and activity of the library of a local society as a province centre of local lore history. The printed editions of the society called “Chronocles” (volumes I?X) which contain proceedings of the commission meetings were the main source of research. The library collected works on history, archeology, ethnography and historical geography of Katerinoslav province. From the beginning of the library foundation it played an important part in the development of the society. The members of the society paid great attention to forming of book collections on regional history. From the first years of its activity the commission constantly supported book exchange with other institutions and organizations which favoured the spreading of knowledge and exchanging of experience. The sources contain information about people who gladly gave necessary and useful literature to the commission. Professors, teachers of local educational institutions, museum workers, cultural and educational leaders of Ukraine were among the members of the commission. In 1910 the commission totaled 11 honoured and 54 full members. Local activists paid special attention to keeping of church archive. In particular, D. I. Yavornitsky defended the thought about studying of archival documents as written evidence on the history of Ukrainian people. The library collection according to its content, subject, and chronology is considered in the article; authors groups are analyzed. Donations from different organizations and private persons were a valuable source of supplement of the commission’s book stock. The members of the commission had the opportunity to work with scientific editions of Kharkiv, Lviv and Odessa universities. The article reveals the role of A. S. Sinyavsky, V. O. Bidnov and I. Y. Akinfiev in the process of formation of readers’ tastes, scientific interest and professional level of Katerinoslav inhabitants at the beginning of the 20th century. Library activists maintained an active position in the activity of the society. For the period of existence 6 surnames of persons who took an active part in the commission’s librarianship are known.

Cartographic production in Russia: main stages and trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 963 (9) ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Orlov
Keyword(s):  
Chronological Order ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Enterprises ◽  
Further Development

Studying the current state of cartography and ways of further developing the industry, the role of the map in the future of the society, new methods of promoting cartographic products is impossible without a deep scientific analyzing all the paths, events and factors influencing its formation and development throughout all the historic steps of cartographic production in Russia. In the article, the history of cartographic production in Russia is considered together with the development of private, state and military cartography, since, despite some differences, they have a common technical, technological and production basis. The author describes the stages of originating, formation and growth of industrial cartographic production from the beginning of the XVIII century until now. The connection between the change of political formations and technological structures with the mentioned stages of maps and atlases production is considered. Each stage is studied in detail, a step-by-step analysis was carried out, and the characteristics of each stage are described. All the events and facts are given in chronological order, highlighting especially significant moments influencing the evolution of cartographic production. The data on the volumes of printing and sales of atlases and maps by commercial and state enterprises are presented. The main trends and lines of further development of cartographic production in Russia are studied.

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