scholarly journals Quality Improvement on Briquettes Made of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) Using of Brown Algae Adhesive

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Ana Dewita ◽  
M. Faisal ◽  
Asri Gani
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches

The charcoal produced from oil palm empty fruit bunches pyrolysis can be utilized as environmentally friendly alternative fuel briquettes. This research aimed at improving the quality of these EFB briquettes using brown algae adhesive (alginate). The adhesive was added at 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. Proximate analysis was then performed on EFB and the brown algae. The best quality briquettes were obtained by adding brown algae adhesive at 2.5% concentrate, which resulted in a calorific value of 21,405 J/g. Other characteristics such as moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, and fixed carbon were found to be 7.4%, 4.9%, 79%, and 8.7%, respectively. In addition, the thermal characteristics such as density, flash point, and burning time were found at 0.96 g/cm3, 5.1 second, and 300 minutes, respectively.

scholarly journals PENGARUH SUHU DAN KONSENTRASI PEREKAT TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BRIKET BIOARANG BERBAHAN BAKU TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN PROSES PIROLISIS

Konversi ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Yuli Ristianingsih ◽  
Ayuning Ulfa ◽  
Rachmi Syafitri K.S
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Rate Of Combustion

Abstrak-Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit merupakan limbah padat hasil produksi Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Setiap 1(satu) ton tandan buah segar dihasilkan 23% limbah padat. Limbah padat ini dapat di konversi menjadi bahan bakar pengganti minyak yaitu briket. Briket bioarang adalah bahan bakar padat yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif pengganti bahan bakar yang berasal dari fosil seperti minyak dan gas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu pirolisis terhadap yield bioarang yang dihasilkan dan mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi perekat kanji (5% w/w, 10% w/w, 15% w/w) terhadap karakteristik briket hasil penelitian (kadar air, volatile matter, kadar abu, fixed carbon, nilai kalor dan laju pembakaran). Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode pirolisis yaitu proses pembakaran bahan baku dalam reaktor pirolisis dengan menggunakan suhu yang tinggi dan tanpa atau dengan sedikit oksigen. Pirolisis dilakukan selama 2,5 jam dengan variasi suhu yaitu 350°C, 400°C, 450°C dan 500°C. Arang yang dihasilkan dicampur dengan perekat sesuai variasi dan dicetak menjadi briket. Briket kemudian dianalisa kadar air, kadar abu, kadar karbon, kadar zat terbang, nilai kalor dan laju pembakaran. Briket dengan yield tertinggi terdapat pada suhu 350°C sebesar 51,53% dan yield terendah pada suhu 500°C sebesar 26,03%. Briket hasil penelitian ini telah memenuhi standar mutu briket sebagai bahan bakar dilihat dari nilai kalor. Komposisi optimal antara perekat kanji dan arang TKKS hasil pirolisis yaitu pada 5%:95% yang menghasilkan nilai kalor terbesar yaitu 6748,15kal/g.  Kata kunci : Briket Bioarang, Pirolisis, Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit                Abstract-Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunches are solid waste from Crude Palm Oil (CPO industry). For 1 ton of fresh fruit bunches produced 23% of solid waste. This solid waste can be converted into alternative energy that called briquettes. Briquettes are solid fuel that can be used as an alternative fuel replacement for fossil fuels such as oil and gas. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature on the yield generated briquettes and the effect of stach adhesive concentration (5, 10 and 15% wt) to briquettes characteristics (moisture content, volatile matter, ash content, fixed carbon, calorific value and the rate of combustion). In this reseacrh, two kilograms of palm oil empty fruit bunches was burned using pyrolisis reactor at different temperatur (350, 400, 450 and 5000C) for 2.5 hour. Charcoal produced was mixed with an adhesive in accordance variations and molded into briquettes. Briquettes then analyzed the water content, ash content, carbon content, volatile matter content, heating value and rate of combustion. The maximum yield of briquettes which was obtained in this research is 51.53% at temperature 3500C and the lowest yield at temperature of 500 ° C by 26.03%. Briquettes results of this study have met the quality standards of fuel briquettes as seen from the heating value. Optimal adhesive composition between starch and charcoal TKKS is 5%: 95% that generates highest calorific value about 6748.15kal/ g. Keywords: Briquette Bioarang, Pyrolysis, oil palm empty bunches

scholarly journals Physiochemical Properties of Cotton Stalk Biomass from Aricultural Residues

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dobariya Umesh ◽  
P Sarsavadiya ◽  
Krishna Vaja ◽  
Khardiwar Mahadeo
Keyword(s):  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Cotton Stalk ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Feed Stock ◽  
Energy Conversion Process

The study was undertaken to investigate the properties of cotton stalk fuel from the agricultural residues. The whole cotton stalk plant is converted into shredded material with the help of cotton stalk shredder. The capacity of cotton stalk shredder machine is 218 kg/h. The proximate analysis of the shredded cotton stalk in terms of bulk density 34.92 kg / m3 moisture content 13.63 %, volatile matter 74.52 %, ash content (4.95 %, fixed carbon 20.53 % and calorific value of cotton stalk biomass (3827 cal/g) respectively. were showed that agricultural residues are the most potential and their quantitative availability, Since the aim by using shredded cotton stalk as feed stock for energy conversion process of the developed gasifier.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study of Microwave Irradiation Towards Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Biomass

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal Ahmad ◽  
Mohd Sukhairi Mat Rasat ◽  
Shahril Nizam Mohamed Soid ◽  
Mazlan Mohamed ◽  
Zairi Ismael Rizman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Power Input ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Oxidative Atmosphere

In this study, torrefaction via microwave irradiation was introduced towards oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) samples. The samples of 10 g was fed into the quartz type crucible inside the microwave with the power input limit to 385 W. Continous nitrogen up to 50 ml/min were induced and promoted the non oxidative atmosphere in the closed crucible. This proved the increased of energy properties as high 23.6 MJ/kg for torrefied samples comparable to raw 14.8 MJ/kg. On the result of proximate analysis, fixed carbon shows the increase trends whereby the volatile matter decreased. Torrefaction has been found to improve the energy properties of oil palm EFB biomass as a fuel.

Biomass Pellets from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OP-EFB)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
Rahman Farhan Aditya
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Binder Ratio ◽  
Binder Concentration

Oil Palm growths in Indonesia are getting higher every year. Oil palm plantationproduced various waste, including oil palm empty fruit bunches (OP-EFB). 95 % Indonesia energy demand still provided by the fossil fuel and only 5 % provided by renewable energy, which provide opportunity of OP-EFB biomass pellets to be utilized as alternative resource. The research of biomass still low, especially research of OP-EFB biomass pellets. Therefore, the research objectives were to determine the production process of OP-EFB and to define the most effective binder and binder ratio for the biomass pellets. This research experiments  consist of shredding, chopping, drying, grinding, and sieving as raw material pretreatment. Also, varying the binder and binder concentration of the mixture between raw materials was the part of this thesis research. The binders used in this thesis research are PVAC paste and tapioca based paste with 4 variations of concentration. The analyses of the biomass pellets characteristic are density,compressive strength, proximate analysis (moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon), calorific value, combustion rate, and gas chromatographic & mass spectroscopy (GCMS). The result shows that OP-EFB biomass pellets are qualified to be considered as biomass pellets. The most effective OP-EFB biomass pellets is biomass pellets with 10% tapioca binder concentration.

scholarly journals Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature and Residence Time on Bio-char Obtained from Pyrolysis of Shredded Cotton Stalk

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-28
Author(s):  
J. M. Makavana ◽  
P. N. Sarsavadia ◽  
P. M. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Cotton Stalk ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Heating Value

Bio-char is carbon-rich product generated from biomass through batch type slow pyrolysis. In this study, the effects of pyrolysis temperature and residence time on the yield and properties of bio-chars obtained from shredded cotton stalks were investigated. Safely said that the quality of bio-char of shredded cotton stalk obtained at 500°C temperature and 240 min is best out of the all experimental levels of variables of temperature and residence time. At this temperature and residence time, the quality of bio-char in terms higher heating value (8101.3cal /g or 33.89 MJ/kg), nitrogen (1.56%), Carbon (79.30%), and C/N ratio (50.83) respectively. The quality of bio-char for various applications is discussed along with different quality parameters. The bio-char could be used for the production of activated carbon, in fuel applications, and water purification processes. Average bulk density of whole cotton stalk and shredded cotton stalk was found as 29.90 kg/m3 and 147.02 kg/m3 respectively. Thus density was increased by 3.91 times. The value of pH, EC and CEC of shredded cotton stalk biomass was found as 5.59, 0.03 dS/m and 38.84 cmol/kg respectively. Minimum and maximum values pH, EC and CEC of its bio-char was found as 5.85 to9.86, 0.04 to 0.10 dS/m and 38.02 to 24.39 cmol/kg at 200°C and 60 min and; 500°C and 240 min temperature and residence time respectively. Moisture content, ash content, volatile matter and fixed carbon of shredded cotton stalk biomass were found as, 12.5, 5.27, 80.22, and 14.51 (%, d.b) respectively. The minimum and maximum value of bio-char in terms of ash content, volatile matter and fixed carbon of bio-char were found as 5.5 to 15.56, 48.02 to 79.48 and 15.02 to 36.40 (%, d.b) respectively. Calorific value of cotton stalk biomass was found as 3685.3 cal /g. The minimum and maximum higher heating value of its bio-char was found as 4622.0 cal/ g and 8101.3 cal/g at 200°C and 60 min and; 500˚C and 240 min temperature and residence time.

scholarly journals Analysis mixed characterization of Kalimantan coal and mangrove wood charcoal character as briquette raw material

2021 ◽  
Vol 921 (1) ◽  
pp. 012055
Author(s):  
R Rahman ◽  
B Azikin ◽  
D Tahir ◽  
S Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Wood Charcoal ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Ultimate Analysis ◽  
Mangrove Wood

Abstract This study using three types of coal from East Kalimantan and South Sulawesi Mangrove Wood Charcoal which consisted of various compositions. In sample analysis using analysis, namely: proximate, ultimate, and calorific value. Proximate analysis: ash content, volatile matter, moisture content, fixed carbon; ultimate analysis: carbon and sulfur content and the calorific value using the bomb calorimeter method. The results of the proximate analysis showed that the fixed carbon content was obtained in the mixture of MWC 75% + KJA 25% = 52.45%, while the lowest was obtained at IC 100% = 32.86%; The highest volatile matter was obtained at KJA 100% = 44.23%, the lowest was at MWC 75% + KJA 25% = 31.90%, the highest ash content was IC 100% = 9.14% the lowest was at MWC 75% + KJA 25% = 5.94% and the highest moisture content was seen at IC 100% = 15.17% but MWC 75% + IC 25% = 9.52%. The results of the ultimate analysis showed that the lowest sulfur content was in the mixed variation of MWC 75% + KJA 25% = 0.168%, while the highest sulfur content was obtained at IC 100% = 0.874%. However, it was still in the low sulfur category <1. The highest calorific value is obtained by varying the composition at MWC 75% + IC 25% = 5919 cal/gram, while the lowest was obtained at KJA 100% = 4913 cal/gram. So based on this research, the addition of mangrove charcoal is very good for increasing the calorific value.

Hydrogen and Syngas Generation from Gasification of Coal in an Integrated Fuel Processor

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 644-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujan Chowdhury ◽  
Abrar Inayat ◽  
Bawadi Abdullah ◽  
Abdul Aziz Omar ◽  
Saibal Ganguly
Keyword(s):  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
Fuel Processor ◽  
New Energy

Hydrogen is a clean and new energy carrier to generate power and effectively turned out through the gasification of organic material such as coal. The main objective of this manuscript is to present an analysis of the coal gasification for the generation of high-purity hydrogen in a lab-scale fixed-bed downdraft gasifier. Better understanding of the rank, formation, structure, composition and calorific value and method of analysis of the material is crucial for the proper utilization of these resources requires. Traditionally the quality of the Coal samples has been determined by their physical and proximate analysis, such as, bulk density, free swelling index, gross calorific value, sulfur, moisture, fixed carbon, volatile matter and ash content. In this study, coal is partially oxidized and ultimately converts into hydrogen rich syngas (CO and H2). As well, approximately 220 kg h−1 of coal would be gasified at 673–1073 K and 46.2 atm with the reactor volume 0.27m3 to obtain approximately 3.8×105 kcal h−1 of thermal energy during over 67% syngas generation with the generation of 110kW electrical powers.

scholarly journals MUTU BRIKET ARANG KULIT BUAH KAKAO DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KANJI SEBAGAI PEREKAT

PERENNIAL ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
M. Natsir Usman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Natural Energy ◽  
Charcoal Particle

The development of an alternative energy is now becoming important due to the decrease of natural energy source, The current research was conducted to observe the quality of making charcoal briquette from cocoa pod shell with the particle size of 30 mesh, 50 mesh, 70 mesh and 7 % starch as adhesive. The result showed that charcoal particle size of 70 mesh gave the best charcoal briquette quality having characteristics: moisture 10.67 %, density of 1.15 g/cm3, 18.98% ash content, 49.93 % fixed carbon, 24.99% volatile matter and the calorific value of 4372.54 cal/g. Charcoal briquette from cocoa pod shell was utilized as alternative energy. Key words: Cocoa pod shell, charcoal briquette, starch as adhesive. References

scholarly journals Proximate and Ultimate Charaterization of Coal Samples from Southwestern Part of Ethiopia.

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1643-1648
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Soft Coal ◽  
Analytical Assessment

This study aimed to characterize the coal in terms of proximate and ultimate analyses. The analytical assessment of properties such as volatile matter, moisture, fixed carbon, and ash content are very important to know the quality of the coal. The proximate analysis results shows that the moisture content varies from 13.4 to 22.6 wt%, the fixed carbon varies from 26.7 and 38 wt%, the ash content varies from 11.9 to 25.7 wt%, the volatile matter varies from 23.8 to 36.5iwt%. The analytical results show that the Carbon content varies from 48.60 to 70.68 wt%, Oxygen content varies from 42.29 to 57.38 wt%, the hydrogen content ranges from 4.43 to 5.28 wt%, the sulphur varies from 1.35 toi3.04 wt%, the Nitrogen content varies from 1.86 to 2.34 wt%. Proximate analysis and calorific data show that Ethiopian coal is in the soft coal series (lignite to bituminous coal) and is genetically classified as humic, sapropelic and mixed coal. The present study helps to characterize the coal type and also highlights the importance of chemical parameters in characterizing the coal besides, tracing the depositional environment and also helps to the economical evolutions of the deposit

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN BIOPELET DARI KAYU PUTIH DENGAN PENAMBAHAN GONDORUKEM SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Sofia Mustamu ◽  
Gysberth Pattiruhu
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Fixed Carbon

Biopelet is one of the renewable energy alternatives that have uniformity of size, shape, density, and energy content. The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of biopelet consisting of a mixture of cajeput and gondorukem, and to determine the composition of the raw materials that can produce a biopelet with the best quality. The compositions of a mixture in this research are as follow 95%:5%, 90%:10%, 80%:20%, 70%:30%, 60%:40%, 50%:50%, cajeput 100% and gondorukem 100%. The manufacture of biopelet used a 20 mesh of dust with the pressure of 526.4 kg/cm2  at a temperature of 200 ◦C for 15 minutes. Types of tests performed on biopelet include density, moisture content, volatile matter, ash content, carbon bonded, and calorific value. The results of the best quality of biopelet was in the percentage of cajeput and gondorukem was 70%:30%,  tests showed densities of biopelet 0,84 g/cm3, moisture content5,89%, ash content 2,42%, volatile matter 73,99%, fixed carbon 18,96%, and calorific value 5152 kkal/kg.

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