The Leaching of Natural Dyes from Avocado (Persea Americana Mill) Seeds Using the Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction Method and Its Application to Cellulose Fibers

The textile industry uses synthetic dyes because they are cheaper and easier to obtain. Moreover, the color availability is guaranteed and more varied. However, these synthetic dyes have a negative impact on health and the environment. The natural dye from avocado (Persea Americana Mill) seeds can become an alternative for synthetic dyes. Polyphenol compounds, such as tannins and flavonoids, are natural color sources found in avocado seeds. The extraction of natural dyes from avocado seeds is carried out by using a non-conventional method, namely ultrasonic-assisted extraction which has great efficiency and short operating time. In this study, researchers examined the parameters that affect the yield of dye extraction from avocado seeds, namely solvent concentration and extraction time. In addition, researchers also conducted qualitative analysis on the pigment content in the yield of extraction using UV-Visible Spectrophotometry and GC-MS tests. The results indicated that the highest yield obtained from avocado seeds was 16.6742% with 90 minutes extraction time using 70% ethanol solvent. Furthermore, if the dye is applied to cellulose fibers, such as the cotton cloth, the color will change depending on the fixator added. Based on the result of the UV-Visible Spectrophotometry test, the avocado seeds contain flavonoids. Meanwhile, from the result of the GC-MS test, the compound with the largest percentage detected in avocado seeds is the 13-Tetradecynoic acid, methyl ester (C15H26O2). The compound contains a chromophore, such as a carbonyl group (C = O) which is a common feature of flavonoids.

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Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from Ottelia acuminata (Gagnep.) Dandy Using RSM

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.292 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 396-398 ◽

pp. 292-296

Author(s):

Ai Shi Zhu

Keyword(s):

Processing Parameters ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Solid Ratio ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasonic Technology ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted ◽

Experimental Yield ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction

Ultrasonic technology was applied to polysaccharides extraction from Ottelia acuminata (Gagnep.) Dandy and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the effects of processing parameters on polysaccharides yields. Three independent variables such as liquid-solid ratio (ml/g, X1), extraction temperature (°C, X2) and extraction time (hour, X3) were investigated respectively. The statistical analysis indicated that the three variables and the quadratic of X1 and X3 had significant effects on the yields and followed by the significant interaction effects between the variables of X1 and X3, X2 and X3 (p<0.05). A mathematical model with high determination coefficient was gained. The optimal extraction conditions of polysaccharides were determined as follows: liquid-solid ratio 43 ml/g, extraction temperature 90 °C and extraction time 3.45 hours. Under these conditions, the experimental yield of polysaccharides was 107.44 mg/g, which was agreed closely with the predicted value 108.71 mg/g.

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ULTRASONIC-ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF OIL FROM CALOPHYLLUM INOPHYLLUM SEEDS: OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS PARAMETERS

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v78.4946 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 78 (10) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Faiznur Mohd Fuad ◽

Mashitah Mat Don

Keyword(s):

Solvent Extraction ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Ultrasonic Power ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Calophyllum Inophyllum ◽

Power Extraction ◽

Optimization Of Process Parameters ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction

Calophyllum inophyllum (C. inophyllum) is a plant known as “Penaga Laut” in Malaysia. Its seeds contain valuable oil that serve as a potential alternative sources for vegetable oil. In this study, C. inophyllum seeds oil was extracted using an ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) technique. The optimization of extraction parameters namely different types of solvent, extraction time, ultrasonic power, extraction temperature and liquid to solid (L/S) ratio were performed using one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method. The optimum extraction conditions obtained were n-hexane as a solvent, extraction time 20 min, ultrasonic power 210 W, extraction temperature 40°C and L/S ratio 20 ml/g, with an oil yield 55.44 ± 0.53 %.

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Antioxidant Activity of Extract from Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Durian Peels

Journal of Applied Food Technology ◽

10.17728/jaft.3309 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bambang Kunarto ◽

Ely Yuniarti Sani

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Total Flavonoids ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted ◽

Total Flavonoids Content ◽

Phenolics Content ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction

The increase in durian production results in the accumulation of durian peel waste. The bioactive component of durian peel has the potential to be used as an antioxidant. Thus, there is a need to carry out an extraction process to obtain bioactive compounds from durian peel. However, conventional extraction methods cause damage to phenolic compounds due to oxidation, hydrolysis and ionization reactions during the extraction process. Therefore, durian peel extraction was carried out using ultrasonic assisted extraction method (UAE) in this study. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of varying ratios of durian peel to ethanol solvents and extraction time on the yield, total phenolics content, total flavonoids content and antioxidant activity. The results of the research data were analyzed using a two-factor completely randomized design, which included variations of the ratio of durian peel to ethanol solvents and extraction time The Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) was carried out as a follow up test to determine the differences in each treatment at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that the best treatment for peel extraction using ultrasonic assisted extraction was a 1: 9 ratio of durian peel to ethanol at an extraction time of 20 minutes. The extraction of durian peel under this condition gave the highest yield of 12.77 ± 0.16%, antioxidant activity (IC50) of 38.33 ± 0.12 ppm, total phenolic content of 63.30 ± 0.08 mgGAE / g and total flavonoids content of 47.53 ± 0.48 mgQE / g. In addition, total phenolics content and total flavonoid content showed a strong correlation to the antioxidant activity of durian peel extract.

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Optimization of Extraction Conditions of Bioactive Compounds by Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction from Artichoke Wastes

Acta Chimica Slovenica ◽

10.17344/acsi.2021.6679 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 658-666

Author(s):

Izzet Turker ◽

Hilal Isleroglu

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted ◽

Extraction Processes ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction

In this study, bioactive compounds were extracted by ultrasonic-assisted extraction and classical extraction processes using distilled water as solvent from artichoke leaves which are considered as agricultural wastes. Antioxidant capacity, total phenolic and total flavonoid content values of the obtained bioactive extracts were determined, and extraction yields and times were evaluated to compare the extraction processes. Also, the optimum extraction conditions of ultrasonic-assisted extraction (extraction time and ultrasonic power) which provide the highest extraction yield were determined using D-optimal design by ‘desirability’ function approach. According to the results, bioactive extracts having high antioxidant capacity were obtained at shorter times and higher extraction yields were achieved by ultrasonic-assisted extraction process than classical extraction. The highest extraction yield was estimated as 98.46% with an application of 20.05 minutes of extraction time and 65.02% of ultrasonic amplitude for the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process.

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Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Flavonoids from Moringa oleifera Leaves Using Response Surface Methodology

Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry ◽

10.52711/0974-4150.2021.00062 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 363-367

Author(s):

Abdelhakim Benarima ◽

Mohamed Nasreddine Raache ◽

Moulay Rachid Kouadri ◽

Yassine Belaiche ◽

Salah Eddine Laouini

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Solid Ratio ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted ◽

Moringa Oleifera Leaves ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction

Moringa oleifera is considered one of the most useful plants in the world because it's rich in bioactive substances, which employing on modern medical treatment, also can be used for many fields: pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics purposes. In this study, the response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box–Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the extraction time (X1: 20–60 min), extraction temperature (X2: 15–45 °C) and solvent-solid ratio (X3: 5–7 ml/g), to obtain a high crude of flavonoids yield from Moringa oleifera Leaves by ultrasonic-assisted extraction technique (UAE). The optimum conditions were an extraction time 23 (min), extraction temperature 44 (°C) and solvent-solid ratio 5.05 (ml/g). Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 72.65 (mg ER/g), well matched with the predicted yield 74.34 (mg ER/g) with the coefficients of determination (R2= 0.9861), thus indicating the suitability of response surface methodology in optimizing the ultrasound-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Moringa oleifera Leaves.

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Valorisation of Sea Buckthorn Pomace by Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Soluble Dietary Fibre Using Response Surface Methodology

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10061330 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1330

Author(s):

Shehzad Hussain ◽

Minaxi Sharma ◽

Rajeev Bhat

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Dietary Fibre ◽

Sea Buckthorn ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Hydration Properties ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Soluble Dietary Fibre ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction

Sea buckthorn pomace is a valuable industrial waste/by-product obtained after juice production that contains bioactive, health-promoting dietary fibres. This pomace finds usage as animal feed or simply discarded, owed to the lack of appropriate handling or processing facilities. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of green extraction technologies such as ultrasonic-assisted extraction on the yield of soluble dietary fibre (SDF) from sea buckthorn pomace. Response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box–Behnken design (BBD) was applied for optimization of SDF yield. The effects of sonication temperature (60–80 °C), sonication power (100–130 W) and extraction time (30–60 min) on the yield of SDF were also investigated. Furthermore, colour measurement and hydration properties of sea buckthorn pomace powder (STP) and dietary fibre fractions (SDF and insoluble dietary fibre, IDF) were also investigated. From the RSM results, the optimal sonication temperature (67.83 °C), sonication power (105.52 W) and extraction time (51.18 min) were identified. Based on this, the modified optimum conditions were standardised (sonication temperature of 70 °C, sonication power of 105 W and extraction time of 50 min.). Accordingly, the yield of SDF obtained was 16.08 ± 0.18%, which was close to the predicted value (15.66%). Sonication temperature showed significant effects at p ≤ 0.01, while sonication power and extraction time showed significant effects at p ≤ 0.05 on the yield of SDF. The result on colour attributes of STP, SDF and IDF differed (L* (STP: 54.71 ± 0.72, IDF: 72.64 ± 0.21 and SDF: 54.53 ± 0.31), a* (STP: 52.35 ± 1.04, IDF: 32.85 ± 0.79 and SDF: 43.54 ± 0.03), b* (STP: 79.28 ± 0.62, IDF: 82.47 ± 0.19 and SDF: 71.33 ± 0.50), and ∆E* (STP: 79.93 ± 0.50, IDF: 74.18 ± 0.30 and SDF: 68.40 ± 0.39)). Higher values of hydration properties such as the water holding, swelling and oil holding capacities were found in SDF (7.25 ± 0.10 g g−1, 7.24 ± 0.05 mL g−1 and 1.49 ± 0.02 g g−1), followed by IDF (6.30 ± 0.02, 5.75 ± 0.07 and 1.25 ± 0.03) and STP (4.17 ± 0.04, 3.48 ± 0.06 and 0.89 ± 0.03), respectively. Based on our results, response surface methodology is recommended to be adopted to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction to obtain maximum yield of SDF from sea buckthorn pomace. These results can be of practical usage while designing future functional food formulations using sea buckthorn pomace.

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Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction and Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS/MS) Analysis of Extracts from Four Cassia Species

Journal of Science and Mathematics Letters ◽

10.37134/jsml.vol8.2.1.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Saidu Jibril ◽

Hasnah Mohd Sirat ◽

Maikudi Musa Idris ◽

Aminu Mohammad ◽

Kamal Ja’afar Muhammad

Keyword(s):

High Sensitivity ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted ◽

Tandem Mass Spectroscopy ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction ◽

Ethnomedicinal Uses ◽

Sample Ratio ◽

Rate Of Extraction

Ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) process increases the rate of extraction, the yield of extracted components and reduces extraction time. The high sensitivity of GC-MS/MS provides reliable identification of phytoconstituents present in a plant extract. This research is to develop an easy and effective method for the extraction and analysis of phytochemicals in C. singueana, C. sieberiana, C. tora and C. occidentalis using UAE and GC-MS/MS techniques. The crude extracts obtained from the four Cassia species under UAE conditions of 50 mins extraction time, 50 oC extraction temperature and 20 mL/g solvent to sample ratio were analyzed using GC-MS/MS. Thirty-four compounds were identified by comparison of their mass spectra with those in the National Institute of Standards and Technology library, requiring at least 80% similarity. These compounds comprise fatty acids, fatty alcohol, carboxylic acid, long-chain alkanes, diterpenes, triterpenes, sterols and anthraquinones. n-Hexadecanoic acid and phytol were identified in all the Cassia species while anthraquinone was detected only from the methanol extracts of C. tora and C. occidentalis. The bioactivities reported in the literature for these compounds corroborate with the phytoconstituents identified in these plants and support the ethnomedicinal uses of these Cassia species.

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Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of gallic acid and isoquercetin from aspergillus niger fermented tri-phala waste

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201819203007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 192 ◽

pp. 03007

Author(s):

Teerin Chysirichote ◽

Pattarabhorn Pakaweerachat

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Deionized Water ◽

Water Extraction ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Ultrasonic Frequency ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction

The Aspergillus niger fermented Tri-phala waste (FTW) was extracted with ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) using deionized water as an extraction medium at 30°C. The 40 kHz ultrasonic frequency was used for sonicate the FTW immerged in the water at the ratio of 1 : 100 for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min. The contents of gallic acid, isoquercetin obtained after extraction were measured by HPLC. The extraction yields of gallic acid and isoquercetin were compared with the yields from the water extraction without ultrasonic assistance (control condition). The results showed that using the ultrasonic assistance increased the extraction yield of gallic acid from 0.25±0.03 to 1.26±0.25 g.g-1 with the shorter extraction time from 60 min to 30 min. Moreover, isoquercetin extraction yield increased from 0.17±0.02 to 0.41±0.04 g.g-1 with the shorter extraction time from 60 min to 20 min.

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Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Flavonols and Anthocyanins from Blueberry Using RSM

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.2423 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 468-471 ◽

pp. 2423-2430 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yao Tian ◽

Yu Yang ◽

Ping Gao ◽

Jin Hong Wang ◽

Ya Qin Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Ultrasonic Power ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Solid Ratio ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction ◽

Predicted Values

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) method was developed for continued extraction of flavonols and anthocyanins from Blueberry. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize experimental conditions for extraction of flavonols and anthocyanins. Three major independent variables such as ultrasonic power (W), extraction time (min), liquid to solid ratio (mL/g) were studied. The optimal extraction conditions of flavonols and anthocyanins were determined as follows: ultrasonic power 512.7 W, extraction time 29.8 min, liquid to solid ratio 9.5:1 mL /g. Under a modified condition (ultrasonic power 510W, extraction time 30 min, liquid to solid ratio 10:1 mL /g), the experimental yields of flavonols and anthocyanins were 0.806mg/g and 2.903mg/g respectively, which were agreed closely with the predicted values (0.804mg/g and 2.899mg/g).

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Simultaneous Optimization for Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids from Sophora flavescens Using Response Surface Methodology

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24010112 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 112 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jing Zhou ◽

Lincheng Zhang ◽

Qinping Li ◽

Weifeng Jin ◽

Weiyan Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Methanol Concentration ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Sophora Flavescens ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction

The ultrasonic-assisted extraction process and antioxidant activity of flavonoids from Sophora flavescens were investigated in this study. In order to optimize the extraction of flavonoids from Sophora flavescens, the influence of extraction time, methanol concentration, ultrasonic temperature, and solvent-to-material ratio was analyzed. Results showed that the extraction yields reached a maximum with the extraction time of 30 min, methanol concentration of 80%, temperature of 80 °C, and solvent-to-material ratio of 26 mL/g. The flavonoids were determined by HPLC, and the mean yields of trifolirhizin, formononetin, isoxanthohumol, maackiain, and kurarinone under the optimal conditions were 2.570, 0.213, 0.534, 0.797, and 3.091 mg/g, respectively. The evaluation of vitro antioxidant activity exhibited Sophora flavescens flavonoids had a strong 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical-scavenging ability with IC50 of 0.984 and 1.084 mg/g, respectively. These results indicate that ultrasonic-assisted extraction is an efficient approach for the selective extraction of flavonoids, and response surface methodology further optimized the extraction.

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