A Framework for Photovoltaic and Thermosiphon Systems

Pessimistic forecasts are growing in the Brazilian energy scenario demanding the use of renewable sources of energy such as the solar one. As metropolitan regions have become more populous, private and public companies have developed new technologies based on renewable energy sources. In order to supply such demand, new computer techniques have to be developed. This paper presents a framework to assist the developer to model new components and simulate solar energy applications. By applying the framework concepts, such as source code reuse, one can create a complete environment to evaluate solar energy data. The framework supports software development and tool implementation to be used in photovoltaic and thermosiphon processes.

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Cost Effective Synthesis and Fabrication of Phase-Pure Kesterite Cu2-xZn1.3SnS4 P-type Absorber Layer Thin Films by Solvent Based Process Technique for Photovoltaic Solar Energy Applications

International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology ◽

10.23956/ijermt.v7i4.5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

B. Khadambari ◽

S. S. Bhattacharya

Keyword(s):

Solar Energy ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Absorber Layer ◽

Window Layer ◽

Energy Applications ◽

Process Technique ◽

Absorber Material ◽

Effective Synthesis ◽

P Type

Solar has become one of the fastest growing renewable energy sources. With the push towards sustainability it is an excellent solution to resolve the issue of our diminishing finite resources. Alternative photovoltaic systems are of much importance to utilize solar energy efficiently. The Cu-chalcopyrite compounds CuInS2 and CuInSe2 and their alloys provide absorber material of high absorption coefficients of the order of 105 cm-1. Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is more promising material for photovoltaic applications as Zn and Sn are abundant materials of earth’s crust. Further, the preparation of CZTS-ink facilitates the production of flexible solar cells. The device can be designed with Al doped ZnO as the front contact, n-type window layer (e.g. intrinsic ZnO); an n-type thin film buffer layer (e.g. CdS) and a p-type CZTS absorber layer with Molybdenum (Mo) substrate as back contact. In this study, CZTS films were synthesized by a non-vaccum solvent based process technique from a molecular-ink using a non toxic eco-friendly solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The deposited CZTS films were optimized and characterized by XRD, UV-visible spectroscopy and SEM.

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DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR ENERGY IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE TRANSITION TO THE CARBON-NEUTRAL ECONOMY

Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu ◽

10.21272/1817-9215.2021.1-24 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (1) ◽

Author(s):

T. Pimonenko ◽

O. Lyulyov ◽

N. Letunovska ◽

O. Lytvynenko ◽

A. Nazarenko

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Solar Energy ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Alternative Energy Sources ◽

Research And Innovation ◽

Leading Position

The article aims to study current trends in the use of solar energy in Ukraine and the world as one of the main directions of decarbonization of the national economy. The authors systematize the prospects, advantages and disadvantages of the development of renewable energy sources. They conducted a comparative analysis of the "efficiency" of solar energy in some countries and Ukraine. The authors determined that the leading position in terms of the share of energy consumed from renewable sources is occupied by countries with developed economies due to the availability of effective motivational mechanisms. From the experience of EU countries, the authors concluded that renewable energy sources form a prerequisite for obtaining additional socio-economic and environmental effects. In the presence of favorable market conditions, renewable energy sources can increase the level of energy security in the country and its energy independence. The article analyzes the legislation of Ukraine on stimulating the development of alternative energy. The authors proposed two opposed ways of further developing solar energy in Ukraine. In particular, the country can implement methods of using alternative energy, which developed countries have successfully implemented. Another area involves increasing research and innovation in implementing, using, maintaining, and utilizing energy-generating devices from alternative energy sources. Despite the polarity of the proposed directions for further development of renewable energy, in both cases, the state policy on attracting investment and promoting the use of energy from alternative energy sources is crucial. In addition, the authors noted the benefits for society from the development and implementation of alternative energy sources. The scaling up and promotion of energy production technologies from alternative sources can reduce carbon emissions, which has been an urgent problem globally.

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PROSPECTS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR LOW-RISE BUILDINGS IN CRIMEA

Construction and industrial safety ◽

10.37279/2413-1873-2020-19-85-93 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 85-93

Author(s):

N. V. Tsopa ◽

A. E. Dikarev

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Solar Energy ◽

Power Supply ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Sources ◽

The European Union ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

The World ◽

The Crimea

in the article provides a comparative analysis of the development of solar energy in the world, in the European Union, in Russia and in Crimea; the advantages and disadvantages of the use of solar energy, the features of the use of renewable energy sources are considered, the use of solar energy in the Crimea is justified; describes the mechanism of a feasibility study for the use of autonomous power supply for low-rise buildings in Crimea.

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TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF AN OFF-GRID HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEM WITH HOMER PRO

ICONTECH INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ◽

10.46291/icontechvol5iss3pp56-61 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 56-61

Author(s):

Ahmet Erhan AKAN

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Solar Energy ◽

Economic Analysis ◽

Energy Conversion ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Renewable Energy Resources ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Economic Point

The decrease in fossil-based energy sources and increasing environmental problems increase the tendency to renewable energy sources day by day. The potential of renewable energy sources differs according to the region where the energy will be produced. For this reason, it is crucial to conduct a good feasibility study that deals with the selected systems from a technical and economic point of view before making an investment decision on energy conversion systems based on renewable energy sources. In this study, the most suitable equipment and capacities were investigated by examining the techno-economic analysis of a hybrid system created with wind-solar renewable energies for a detached house, which is considered off-grid, in a rural area of Tekirdağ province (40o58.7ı N, 27o30.7ı E). Investigations were carried out using the HOMER Pro (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable) program. The wind and solar energy potential of Tekirdağ province were obtained from the NASA renewable energy resources database added to the HOMER Pro program. The daily electricity requirement of the sample house was chosen as 11.27 kWh, and the current peak electrical load was chosen as 2.39 kW. A wind turbine is connected to the AC busbars, solar collectors and battery group connected to the DC busbars, and a converter that converts energy between AC and DC busbars in the energy conversion system. In order to determine the optimum capacities of the system elements, 27486 different simulations were performed by HOMER Pro. The selection of the most suitable system among these was determined according to the lowest net present cost (NPC) value. In addition, the energy production capacities that will occur in the case of different wind speeds were also investigated. Accordingly, the system to be installed with a solar panel with a capacity of 6.25 kW, PV-MPPT with a capacity of 1 kW, 2 wind turbines with a capacity of 1 kW, 8 Lithium-ion batteries with a capacity of 6V-167 Ah, and a converter with a capacity of 2.5 kW has been determined will generate electrical energy of 5433 kWh per year. In addition, it has been determined that 61.8% of this produced energy will be obtained from solar energy and 38.2% from wind energy, and the simple payback period of the investment will be 14 years. It is thought that this study will provide valuable information to researchers and investors.

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The Global Survey of the Electrical Energy Distribution System: A Review

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) ◽

10.11591/ijece.v9i4.pp2247-2255 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 2247 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Archana Sudhakar Talhar ◽

Sanjay B. Bodkhe

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Electrical Power ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Clean Energy ◽

Central Intelligence Agency ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Power Sources ◽

Energy Scenario ◽

The World

This paper gives a review of energy scenario in India and other countries. Today’s demand of the world is to minimize greenhouse gas emissions, during the production of electricity. Henceforth over the world, the production of electrical power is changing by introducing abundantly available renewable energy sources like sun and wind. But, because of the intermittent nature of sustainable power sources, the electrical power network faces many problems, during the transmission and distribution of electricity. For resolving these issues, Electrical Energy Storage (EES) is acknowledged as supporting technology. This paper discusses about the world electrical energy scenario with top renowned developed countries in power generation and consumption. Contribution of traditional power sources changed after the introduction of renewable energy sources like sun and wind. Worldwide Agencies are formed like International Energy Agency (IEA), The Central Intelligence Agency, (CIS) etc. The main aim of these agencies is to provide reliable, affordable and clean energy. This paper will discuss about the regulatory authority and government policies/incentives taken by different countries. At the end of this paper, author focuses on obstacles in implementation, development and benefits of renewable energy.

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Renewable Energy Sources Development in Rural Areas of African Countries

Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering - Renewable Energy and Power Supply Challenges for Rural Regions ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-9179-5.ch007 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 154-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Liudmila V. Nefedova ◽

Alexander Alexsvitch Solovyev ◽

Olena Popova

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Solar Energy ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Energy Supply ◽

Sustainable Energy ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Development ◽

Energy Sources ◽

African Countries ◽

Decentralized Energy

The prospects of increasing access to electricity for the population of rural areas of Africa are considered. The main international funds and organizations aimed at sustainable energy development in Africa are described. An analysis of the state and possible options for using renewable energy sources for this purpose in decentralized energy supply through the creation of mini-grids or stand-alone systems is given. The risks by developing renewable energy sources in rural areas and modern mechanisms for financing in solar energy are presented.

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Renewable Energy Sources Development in Rural Areas of African Countries

Research Anthology on Clean Energy Management and Solutions ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-9152-9.ch074 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1691-1704

Author(s):

Liudmila V. Nefedova ◽

Alexander Alexsvitch Solovyev ◽

Olena Popova

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Solar Energy ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Energy Supply ◽

Sustainable Energy ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Development ◽

Energy Sources ◽

African Countries ◽

Decentralized Energy

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Integrated Optimization Design of Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power System Coupled with Solar and Biomass Energy

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12040687 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 687 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Lizhi Zhang ◽

Fan Li ◽

Bo Sun ◽

Chenghui Zhang

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Solar Energy ◽

Optimization Design ◽

Design Method ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Optimal Operation ◽

Biomass Energy ◽

System Structure ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Combined Cooling

The combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems coupled with solar energy and biomass energy can meet the needs of island or rural decentralized and small-scale integrated energy use, which have become increasingly popular in recent years. This study presents a renewable energy sources integrated combined cooling, heating, and power (RES-CCHP) system, driven by a biogas fueled internal combustion engine (ICE) and photovoltaic (PV) panels, which is different from the traditional natural gas CCHP system. Owing to the solar energy volatility and the constraint of biomass gas production, the traditional optimization design method is no longer applicable. To improve the energetic, economic and environmental performances of the system, an integrated design method with renewable energy capacity, power equipment capacity and key operating parameters as optimization variables is proposed. In addition, a case study of a small farm in Jinan, China, is conducted to verify the feasibility of the proposed RES–CCHP system structure and the corresponding optimal operation strategy. The results illustrate that the implementation of the optimal design is energy-efficient, economical and environmentally-friendly. The values of primary energy saving ratio, annual total cost saving rate and carbon emission reduction ratio are 20.94%, 11.73% and 40.79%, respectively. Finally, the influence of the volatility of renewable energy sources on the optimization method is analyzed, which shows that the RES–CCHP system and the method proposed are robust.

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Potency of Solar Energy Applications in Indonesia

International Journal of Renewable Energy Development ◽

10.14710/ijred.1.2.33-38 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 33-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Noer Abyor Handayani ◽

Dessy Ariyanti

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Solar Energy ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Radiant Energy ◽

Water Desalination ◽

Solar Thermal Energy ◽

Tropical Country ◽

Solar Systems ◽

Energy Applications

Currently, 80% of conventional energy is used to fulfill general public's needs andindustries. The depletion of oil and gas reserves and rapid growth in conventional energyconsumption have continuously forced us to discover renewable energy sources, like solar, wind,biomass, and hydropower, to support economic development in the future. Solar energy travels at aspeed of 186,000 miles per second. Only a small part of the radiant energy that the sun emits intospace ever reaches the Earth, but that is more than enough to supply all our energy demand.Indonesia is a tropical country and located in the equator line, so it has an abundant potential ofsolar energy. Most of Indonesian area get enough intensity of solar radiation with the average dailyradiation around 4 kWh/m2. Basically, the solar systems use solar collectors and concentrators forcollecting, storing, and using solar radiation to be applied for the benefit of domestics, commercials,and industrials. Common applications for solar thermal energy used in industry are the SWHs, solardryers, space heating, cooling systems and water desalination.

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A SWOT Analysis for Offshore Wind Energy Assessment Using Remote-Sensing Potential

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10186398 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (18) ◽

pp. 6398

Author(s):

Meysam Majidi Nezhad ◽

Riyaaz Uddien Shaik ◽

Azim Heydari ◽

Armin Razmjoo ◽

Niyazi Arslan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Wind Energy ◽

Power Plants ◽

New Technologies ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Offshore Wind ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Measuring Instruments ◽

Offshore Wind Energy

The elaboration of a methodology for accurately assessing the potentialities of blue renewable energy sources is a key challenge among the current energy sustainability strategies all over the world. Consequentially, many researchers are currently working to improve the accuracy of marine renewable assessment methods. Nowadays, remote sensing (RSs) satellites are used to observe the environment in many fields and applications. These could also be used to identify regions of interest for future energy converter installations and to accurately identify areas with interesting potentials. Therefore, researchers can dramatically reduce the possibility of significant error. In this paper, a comprehensive SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis is elaborated to assess RS satellite potentialities for offshore wind (OW) estimation. Sicily and Sardinia—the two biggest Italian islands with the highest potential for offshore wind energy generation—were selected as pilot areas. Since there is a lack of measuring instruments, such as cup anemometers and buoys in these areas (mainly due to their high economic costs), an accurate analysis was carried out to assess the marine energy potential from offshore wind. Since there are only limited options for further expanding the measurement over large areas, the use of satellites makes it easier to overcome this limitation. Undoubtedly, with the advent of new technologies for measuring renewable energy sources (RESs), there could be a significant energy transition in this area that requires a proper orientation of plans to examine the factors influencing these new technologies that can negatively affect most of the available potential. Satellite technology for identifying suitable areas of wind power plants could be a powerful tool that is constantly increasing in its applications but requires good planning to apply it in various projects. Proper planning is only possible with a better understanding of satellite capabilities and different methods for measuring available wind resources. To this end, a better understanding in interdisciplinary fields with the exchange of updated information between different sectors of development, such as universities and companies, will be most effective. In this context, by reviewing the available satellite technologies, the ability of this tool to measure the marine renewable energies (MREs) sector in large and small areas is considered. Secondly, an attempt is made to identify the strengths and weaknesses of using these types of tools and techniques that can help in various projects. Lastly, specific scenarios related to the application of such systems in existing and new developments are reviewed and discussed.

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