scholarly journals Celiac Disease and Its Association with Organ-Specific Auto-Immune Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 687-697
Author(s):  
Sakshi Buchke ◽  
Anusuiya Bora ◽  
Bhavika Mehta ◽  
Maitrali Relekar ◽  
Piyush Varsha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Protein Subunits ◽  
Bidirectional Association ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Hla Dq2

Wheat is one of the most consumed foods in the world. Although it is extremely nutrient rich for us humans, some of us have great difficulties in completely digesting its protein subunits. This review aims to understand the onset of Celiac Disease and its association with several other auto-immune diseases. The gliadin molecule, undigested in the small intestine, over time, ruptures the villi lining of the intestinal wall and enters the bloodstream which in turn activates the body's immune response. In some patients with the presence of HLA DQ2/DQ8 genes, this immune response results in Celiac Disease. Notably, researchers over the past several decades have found several links between Celiac Disease and multiple auto-immune diseases. Diabetes is one such auto-immune disease which has shown multiple associations with Celiac Disease. Similarly, in this review paper, we are critically analyzing the association of Celiac Disease with some of the most common autoimmune diseases namely Type-1 Diabetes, Multiple Sclerosis, Autism and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. In this paper, we have shown a clear correlation of celiac disease with several other auto-immune diseases. Further study is needed to understand the bidirectional association of Celiac Disease with different auto-immune diseases.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Celiac Disease-Specific Auto-Antibodies in Type 1 Diabetes in a Moroccan Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ider Oujamaa ◽  
Majda Sebbani ◽  
Lahcen Elmoumou ◽  
Aïcha Bourrahouate ◽  
Rabiy El Qadiry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Tissue Transglutaminase ◽  
Iga Deficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systematic Screening ◽  
Lower Height ◽  
Hla Dq2

Objective. We aimed to determine the prevalence of specific auto-antibodies to celiac disease (CD) in Moroccan type 1 diabetic (T1D) patients and compare the clinical and biological characteristics of seropositive and seronegative cases. Patients and Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 276 T1D patients including 109 adults and 167 pediatric cases. The screening for CD was performed by an Elisa IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody (tTGA) testing, combined with IgA quantification by nephelometry. Positive-IgA-tTGA cases were secondly tested for anti-endomysial antibodies (EMA) using an immunofluorescence technique, and the IgA deficiency cases were screened for IgG-tTGA. Patients with low positive tTGA titers underwent HLA-DQ2/DQ8 typing. Sociodemographic and clinical data of the patients were collected using a hetero-administered questionnaire. The comparison of clinical and biological data between seropositive and seronegative diabetics was done using independent T, Mann–Whitney U, chi-squared, and Fisher tests, which were considered significant if p value <0.05. Results. The prevalence of CD-specific auto-antibodies was estimated to be 9.1% (IC = 95%), with 25 positive cases in tTGA and EMA testing. Eight cases displayed low titers of IgA-tTGA, among which 4 were positive for HLA-DQ2, 1 for HLA-DQ8, and 1 for both DQ2 and DQ8. The other 2 cases had a biopsy-proven CD. Compared to seronegative patients, seropositive cases had a higher percentage of associated autoimmune disorders (16% vs. 2.4%, p=0.008), with a significant lower height Z-scores (median: −0.90 (−3.93 to 0.95) vs. −0.51 (−4.54 to 2.18), p=0.029) and a higher HbA1c level (median: 11.30% (7.31 to 16.00) vs. 9.30% (4.40 to17.31), p=0.022). Conclusion. The current study gave evidence of a high prevalence of CD specific auto-antibodies in T1D population. The co-existence of these two conditions was associated with a poor glycemic control, a lower height, and other autoimmune diseases. These findings may suggest the necessity of a systematic screening of CD in T1D patients.

scholarly journals Interplay between Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Celiac Disease: Implications in Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 399-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navchetan Kaur ◽  
Sanjay K. Bhadada ◽  
Ranjana W. Minz ◽  
Devi Dayal ◽  
Rakesh Kochhar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Complex Situation ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Organ Specific

Background: A complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors contributes to disease etiology of most of the autoimmune disorders. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and celiac disease (CD) are polygenic autoimmune diseases that have high propensity to coexist due to shared etiological factors like genetics and clinico-pathological overlaps. Summary: The mean prevalence rate for coexistence of these diseases is 8%, and this value is a gross underestimation as reported from biopsy-proven symptomatic cases. The prevalence rate will rise when studies will excavate bottom layers of the “celiac iceberg” to detect potential and silent celiac cases. The concomitant presence of both these disorders is a complex situation immunologically as well as clinically. There is an accentuated breakdown of tolerance and proinflammatory cytokine storm that leads to the progression of organ-specific autoimmunity to systemic. No immunomodulating drugs are advocated as exogenous insulin supplementation and gluten exclusion are recommended for T1DM and CD respectively. Nevertheless, these pose certain challenges to both the clinicians and the patients, as gluten free diet (GFD) has been described to have an impact on glycemic control, bone health, and vascular complications. Also intermittent gluten intake by these patients due to non-compliance with GFD also stimulates the autoreactive immune cells that result in an augmented immune response. Key Messages: Large public health studies are needed to estimate the prevalence of all forms of CD in T1DM patients. Strict global guidelines need to be formulated for the disease management and prognosis, and there is also a need for an extensive research on each front to thoroughly understand the co-occurrence of these diseases.

Therapeutic Approaches for the Management of Autoimmune Disorders via Gene Therapy: Prospects, Challenges, and Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh K. Sindhu ◽  
Piyush Madaan ◽  
Parteek Chandel ◽  
Rokeya Akter ◽  
G. Adilakshmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Background: Autoimmune diseases are the diseases that result due to the overactive immune response, and comprise systemic autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA), sjӧgren’s syndrome (SS), and organ-specific autoimmune diseases like type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), myasthenia gravis (MG), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Currently, there is no long-term cure; but, several treatments exist which retard the evolution of the disease, embracing gene therapy, which has been scrutinized to hold immense aptitude for the management of autoimmune diseases. Objective: The review highlights the pathogenic mechanisms and genes liable for the development of autoimmune diseases, namely T1DM, type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), RA, SS, IBD, and MG. Furthermore, the review focuses on investigating the outcomes of delivering the corrective genes with their specific viral vectors in various animal models experiencing these diseases to determine the effectiveness of gene therapy. Methods: Numerous review and research articles emphasizing the tremendous potential of gene therapy in the management of autoimmune diseases were procured from PubMed, MEDLINE, Frontier, and other databases and thoroughly studied for writing this review article. Results: The various animal models that experienced treatment with gene therapy have displayed regulation in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, infiltration of lymphocytes, manifestations associated with autoimmune diseases, and maintained equilibrium in the immune response, thereby hinder the progression of autoimmune diseases. Conclusion: Gene therapy has revealed prodigious aptitude in the management of autoimmune diseases in various animal studies, but further investigation is essential to combat the limitations associated with it and before employing it on humans.

scholarly journals Insights on the Effects of Resveratrol and Some of Its Derivatives in Cancer and Autoimmunity: A Molecule with a Dual Activity

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Gianchecchi ◽  
Alessandra Fierabracci
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Autoimmune Hepatitis Type 1

In recent years, the interest in natural compounds exerting immunoregulatory effects has enormously increased. Among these, the polyphenol resveratrol, found in a variety of foods and beverages, including red grapes and red wine, has been demonstrated to exert both in vitro and in vivo biological activities. More specifically, it has antiaging, cardioprotective, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive activities. Due to its anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic and immunoregulatory effects, resveratrol has gained substantial attention for the treatment of cancer or autoimmunity, which represent frequently diagnosed diseases with important consequences for the health of the patients affected. The aim of the present review is to focus on the role of resveratrol in the modulation of cancer as well as of several organ-specific or systemic autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune hepatitis, type 1 diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis.

scholarly journals Overview of Celiac Disease in Russia: Regional Data and Estimated Prevalence

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyudmila V. Savvateeva ◽  
Svetlana I. Erdes ◽  
Anton S. Antishin ◽  
Andrey A. Zamyatnin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Lesion ◽  
Southwest Asia ◽  
Regional Data ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Screening Strategies ◽  
The World ◽  
Regions Of Russia ◽  
Hla Dq2

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy triggered by the ingestion of dietary gluten from some cereals mainly in individuals carrying the HLA-DQ2 and/or HLA-DQ8 haplotypes. As an autoimmune disease, CD is manifested in the small intestine in the form of a progressive and reversible inflammatory lesion due to immune response to self-antigens. Indeed, CD is one of the most challenging medicosocial problems in current gastroenterology. At present, the global CD prevalence is estimated at approximately 1% based on data sent from different locations and available CD screening strategies used. However, it is impossible to estimate global CD prevalence without all the data from the world, including Russia. In this review, we summarize the data on the incidence and prevalence of CD across geographically distinct regions of Russia, which are mostly present in local Russian scientific sources. Our conclusion is that the situation of CD prevalence in Russia is higher than is commonly believed and follows global tendencies that correspond to the epidemiologic situation in Europe, America, and Southwest Asia.

Bisphenol A as a Factor in the Mosaic of Autoimmunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zora Lazurova ◽  
Ivica Lazurova ◽  
Yehuda Shoenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The population worldwide is largely exposed to bisphenol A (BPA), a commonly used plasticizer, that has a similar molecular structure to endogenous estrogens. Therefore, it is able to influence physiological processes in human body, taking part in the pathophysiology of various endocrinopathies, as well as, cardiovascular, neurological and oncological diseases. BPA has been found to affect the immune system, leading to the development of autoimmunity and allergies, too. In the last few decades, the prevalence of autoimmune diseases has significantly increased, that could be explained by a rising exposure of the population to environmental factors, such as BPA. BPA has been found to play a role in the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune diseases and also organ-specific autoimmunity (thyroid autoimmunity, diabetes mellitus type 1, myocarditis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, encephalomyelitis etc), but the results of some studies remain still controversial, so further research is needed.

S1183 HLA Predisposing for Celiac Disease (HLA Dq2 and Dq8) Is Less Frequent in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Patients. Preliminary Results

2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. A-208
Author(s):  
Marta M. Bosca ◽  
Joan Tosca ◽  
Dolores Planelles ◽  
Miguel Minguez ◽  
Rosario Anton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Hla Dq2

scholarly journals Pro-Pre and Postbiotic in Celiac Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 8185
Author(s):  
Mariangela Conte ◽  
Monia Porpora ◽  
Federica Nigro ◽  
Roberto Nigro ◽  
Andrea Luigi Budelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Dietary Therapy ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Hla Dq2

Celiac Disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the intestinal mucosa due to an immune response to wheat gliadins. It presents in subjects with genetic susceptibility (HLA-DQ2/DQ8 positivity and non-HLA genes) and under the influence of environmental triggers, such as viral infections and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. The only treatment currently available in CD is a gluten-free diet for life. Despite this, the intestinal dysbiosis that is recorded in celiac subjects persists, even with adherence to dietary therapy. In this review, we have analyzed the literature over the past several decades, which have focused on the use of pro-, pre- and post-biotics in vitro and in vivo in CD. The study of probiotics and their products in CD could be interesting for observing their various effects on several different pathways, including anti-inflammatory properties.

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