scholarly journals SPESIES PARASITOID LIPAPHIS ERYSIMI ASAL SUMATERA SELATAN DAN VARIASI PARASITISASINYA PADA TUMBUHAN INANG YANG BERBEDA

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Siti Herlinda ◽  
Erise Anggraini ◽  
Chandra Irsan ◽  
Abu Umayah ◽  
Rosdah Thalib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Phase ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Diaeretiella Rapae ◽  
Lipaphis Erysimi ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Parasitism Level ◽  
Female Bias

Lipaphis erysimi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the main insect pests on brassicaceous crops. Aphids attack crops by sucking sap from its hosts. Densed population in the initial phase of crop growth could  inhibit growing, loss in yield up to 100%. Experiments were aimed to explore and identify species of  L. erysimi parasitoid in highland areas of South Sumatra, and to  determine potency of the parasitoids to parasitize L. erysimi in laboratory.  The highest parasitism level of L. erysimi (72.40%) was found on 200 aphids which reared on B. juncea.  While, the second highest parasitism level (65.67%) was found on N. indicum.  The number of mummies found on N. indicum was less than on B. juncea.  Of all observations, every treatment  on every tested plant showed that female D. rapae emerged more than male D. rapae (female bias).  The two parasitoids species that parasitized L. erysimi were Diaeretiella rapae and Aphidius sp.  Parasitisation at several location in South Sumatera was highly diverse.  D. rapae was the most abundant parasitoid species on several high lands at South Sumatera.

scholarly journals Is what you see what you get? The relationship between field observed and actual aphid parasitism rates in canola crops

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Ward ◽  
Paul A. Umina ◽  
Hazel Parry ◽  
Amber Balfour-Cunningham ◽  
Xuan Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Diaeretiella Rapae ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Crop Growth Stage

AbstractBACKGROUNDEstimating parasitoid abundance in the field can be difficult, even more so when attempting to quantify parasitism rates and the ecosystem service of biological control that parasitoids can provide. To understand how ‘observed’ parasitism rates (in-field mummy counts) of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) translate to ‘actual’ parasitism rates (laboratory-reared parasitoid counts), field work was undertaken in Australian canola fields over a growing season. Parasitoids were reared within a controlled laboratory setting.RESULTSTotal observed and actual parasitism rates of M. persicae varied considerably across regions, but less so on a field level. Overall, actual parasitism was on average 2.4 times higher than that observed in the field, with rates an average of 4-fold higher in South Australia. As crop growth stage progressed, the percentage of mummies observed increased. Percentage of parasitoids reared also increased with crop growth stage, averaging 3.4% during flowering and reaching 14.4% during podding/senescing. Although there was a greater diversity of reared parasitoid species at later crop growth stages, actual parasitism rate was unaffected by parasitoid species. Diaeretiella rapae was the most commonly reared parasitoid, increasing in abundance with crop growth stage.CONCLUSIONThese findings indicate that mummy counts alone do not provide a clear representation of parasitism within fields.

scholarly journals Hymenopteran Parasitoids of Aphid Pests within Australian Grain Production Landscapes

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Samantha E. Ward ◽  
Paul A. Umina ◽  
Sarina Macfadyen ◽  
Ary A. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Aphid Species ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Diaeretiella Rapae ◽  
Field Variation ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Crop Growth Stage ◽  
Hymenopteran Parasitoids

In grain crops, aphids are important pests, but they can be suppressed by hymenopteran parasitoids. A challenge in incorporating parasitoids into Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs, however, is that parasitoid numbers can be low during periods within the season when aphids are most damaging. Understanding the population dynamics of key aphid species and their parasitoids is central to ameliorating this problem. To examine the composition and seasonal trends of both aphid and parasitoid populations in south-eastern Australia, samples were taken throughout the winter growing seasons of 2017 and 2018 in 28 fields of wheat and canola. Myzus persicae (Sulzer) was the most abundant aphid species, particularly within canola crops. Across all fields, aphid populations remained relatively low during the early stages of crop growth and increased as the season progressed. Seasonal patterns were consistent across sites, due to climate, crop growth stage, and interactions between these factors. For canola, field edges did not appear to act as reservoirs for either aphids or parasitoids, as there was little overlap in the community composition of either, but for wheat there was much similarity. This is likely due to the presence of similar host plants within field edges and the neighbouring crop, enabling the same aphid species to persist within both areas. Diaeretiella rapae (M’Intosh) was the most common parasitoid across our study, particularly in canola, yet was present only in low abundance at field edges. The most common parasitoid in wheat fields was Aphidius matricariae (Haliday), with field edges likely acting as a reservoir for this species. Secondary parasitoid numbers were consistently low across our study. Differences in parasitoid species composition are discussed in relation to crop type, inter-field variation, and aphid host. The results highlight potential focal management areas and parasitoids that could help control aphid pests within grain crops.

scholarly journals Brassica aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations are conditioned by climatic variables and parasitism level: a study case of Triângulo Mineiro, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.V. Sampaio ◽  
A.P. Korndörfer ◽  
J. Pujade-Villar ◽  
J.E.A. Hubaide ◽  
S.E. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Diaeretiella Rapae ◽  
Collard Greens ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Parasitism Level ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Collard Green ◽  
Aphid Populations

AbstractCosmopolitan pests such asBrevicoryne brassicae, Lipaphis pseudobrassicae, andMyzus persicae(Aphididae) cause significant damage to Brassicaceae crops. Assessment of the important biotic and abiotic factors that regulate these pests is an essential step in the development of effective Integrated Pest Management programs for these aphids. This study evaluated the influence of leaf position, precipitation, temperature, and parasitism on populations ofL. pseudobrassicae, M. persicae, andB. brassicaein collard greens fields in the Triângulo Mineiro region (Minas Gerais state), Brazil. Similar numbers ofB. brassicaewere found on all parts of the collard green plants, whereasM. persicaeandL. pseudobrassicaewere found in greatest numbers on the middle and lower parts of the plant. While temperature and precipitation were positively related to aphid population size, their effects were not accumulative, as indicated by a negative interaction term. AlthoughDiaeretiella rapaewas the main parasitoid of these aphids, hyperparasitism was dominant; the main hyperparasitoid species recovered from plant samples wasAlloxysta fuscicornis. Parasitoids seem to have similar distributions on plants as their hosts. These results may help predict aphid outbreaks and gives clues for specific intra-plant locations when searching for and monitoring aphid populations.

Influence of rice crop stage on the distribution of hymenopteran parasitoids of insect pests

ENTOMON ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
S.J. Reuolin ◽  
N. Muthukrishnan ◽  
M. Paramasivam ◽  
K.S. Subramanian ◽  
N. Maragatham
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Insect Host ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Insect Parasitoid ◽  
Host Availability ◽  
Panicle Development ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rice Ecosystem ◽  
Hymenopteran Parasitoids

A total of 43 insect parasitoid species belonging to fourteen families (Aphelinidae, Braconidae, Ceraphronidae, Diapriidae, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae, Eurytomidae, Ichneumonidae, Megaspilidae, Mymaridae, Platygasteridae, Proctotrupidae, Pteromalidae, Trichogrammatidae) has been documented in the rice ecosystem using yellow pan trap. The observations were made at four important stages of rice crop like early tillering, active tillering, booting and panicle development. The parasitoids were also compared with the occurrence of sixteen insect pests that were recorded simultaneously in each stage of the crop. The result revealed that, there is a significant difference in the occurrence of parasitoids according to the stage of the crop and insect host availability. This understanding help in the introduction of specific parasitoids at respective stages for effective biocontrol.

scholarly journals Farmer’s Management Practices Adopted Against Mustard Aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.): A Survey of Chitwan, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Kapil Kafle ◽  
Mahesh Jaishi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Lipaphis Erysimi ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Mustard Aphid ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Development Committee ◽  
Village Development Committee ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Insect pests are the major constraints of crop production. Mustard aphid is the major problems of rapeseed contributing mustard decline in Chitwan, Nepal. Semi-structured questionnaire survey was conducted on randomly selected farmers of Chainpir Village Development Committee (VDC), Chitwan after a pre-testing in Mangalpur VDC to study the farmers’ knowledge and management practices adopted against mustard aphid in Chitwan. Study revealed majority (60%) of the respondent suggested aphid as the major insect of rapeseed and moreover, 86% of the respondent experienced it to cause 25% loss to the crop yield. Much proportion of respondents (58%) also realized low temperature with high humidity at the time of flowering as a cause in higher aphid infestation. Farmers use 2-3 sprays of chemical insecticide to control aphid but was found to destroy natural enemies and bee population besides damaging natural environment and human health. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(1): 78-82

scholarly journals Occurrence of Diaretiella rapae (Mc´Intosh, 1855) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) Parasitising Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach, 1843) and Brevicoryne brassicae (L. 1758) (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Brassica napus in Mato Grosso do Sul

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosilda Mara Mussury ◽  
Wedson Desidério Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Brevicoryne Brassicae ◽  
Lipaphis Erysimi ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Flowering Phase ◽  
Parasitism Level ◽  
Sample Method ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
Sweep Net

The occurrence of Diaretiella rapae parasitising Lipaphis erysimi and Brevicoryne brassicae in canola field (Brassica napus) was evaluated through two sample methods in Dourados-MS. The methods, used weekly, were: entomologic sweep net and plants sacking. The aphids population was observed from initial to the senescence plant development. Aphids were more abundant during the flowering phase, and they were usually located in the stems of the inflorescence and development fruits. In this phase the largest parasitism level for D. rapae (89,7%) occurred. The sample method with a sweep net captured significantly (t=4,484, P <= 0,01) more D. rapae while sacking method captured more parasitise aphids (t=2,199 with P <= 0,05) and active aphids (t=3,513, P <= 0,01).

Keanekaragaman Hymenoptera Parasitoid Pada Pertanaman Padi di Dataran Rendah dan Dataran Tinggi Sumatera Barat

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Delci Ariani Jasrani ◽  
Hidrayani Hidrayani ◽  
Hidrayani Hidrayani ◽  
Zahlul Ikhsan
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Pan Traps

Hymenoptera parasitoids are potential as biological agents for controlling insect pests of rice plant. Diversity of hymenoptera parasitoids was studied in low and high land rice plant in west Sumatra. Objective of research was to obtain information about diversity and equity of hymenoptera parasitoids in ecosystem of low and high land rice. A survey was conducted using purposive random sampling. Collection of insects was done using insects net and yellow pan traps. The number of hymenoptera parasitoids found in rice plant in the lowland was 114 individuals which belonged to 10 families and 29 species, and in highland there were 112 individuals which belonged to 13 families and 31 species. Diversity and evenness index of hymenoptera parasitoid species were slightly higher in highland (3.198 and 0.922) compared to low land (3.029 and 0.890)

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