scholarly journals Biecological Carrying Capacity of Forest and Land in Manokwari Regency, West Papua Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Jonni Marwa ◽  
Anton Silas Sineri ◽  
Francine Hematang
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Capacity Change ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Forest Lands

Manokwari Regency has high environmental risks due to the high rate of population growth and increased migration. This condition could affect the biocapacity of forest and land resources as well as the ecological footprint that could fulfill the needs of the community in the Manokwari Regency. This study aimed to assess the bioecological carrying capacity of forest and land, changes in forest cover, and projecting the bioecological carrying capacity for the next 50 years in the Manokwari Regency. A quantitative descriptive approach based on secondary time series data analysis and land cover dynamics analysis was used. The ecological footprint approach was carried out by calculating the ecological footprint, biocapacity, and bioecological carrying capacity. The results showed that the bioecological carrying capacity in 2017 in Manokwari District decreased compared to 2012. Forest degradation tended to decrease at a rate of 372 ha/year. However, deforestation increased at a rate of 1,298 ha/year. The results indicated that the policy of converting forests to permanent non-forest lands in the last five years was very massive. The projected bioecological carrying capacity in the next 50 years showed that forest and land in Manokwari District tend to be overshoot.Keywords: bioecological carrying capacity, change in land use, forests, land, Manokwari

Study on Global Burned Forest Areas Based on Landsat Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 503-508
Author(s):  
Zhaoming Zhang ◽  
Tengfei Long ◽  
Guojin He ◽  
Mingyue Wei ◽  
Chao Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Burned Forest

Forests are an extremely valuable natural resource for human development. Satellite remote sensing technology has been widely used in global and regional forest monitoring and management. Accurate data on forest degradation and disturbances due to forest fire is important to understand forest ecosystem health and forest cover conditions. For a long time, satellite-based global burned area products were only available at coarse native spatial resolution, which was difficult for detecting small and highly fragmented fires. In order to analyze global burned forest areas at finer spatial resolution, in this study a novel, multi-year 30 meter resolution global burned forest area product was generated and released based on Landsat time series data. Statistics indicate that in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2018 the total area of burned forest land in the world was 94.14 million hm2, 96.65 million hm2, 59.52 million hm2, 76.42 million hm2, and 83.70 million hm2, respectively, with an average value of 82.09 million hm2. Spatial distribution patterns of global burned forest areas were investigated across different continents and climatic domains. It was found that burned forest areas were mainly distributed in Africa and Oceania, which accounted for approximately 73.85% and 6.81% of the globe, respectively. By climatic domain, the largest burned forest areas occurred in the tropics, with proportions between 88.44% and 95.05% of the world's total during the study period. Multi-year dynamic analysis shows the global burned forest areas varied considerably due to global climate anomalies, e.g., the La Niña phenomenon.

scholarly journals Population Pressure on Land Resources in Nigeria: The Past and Projected Outcome

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-34
Author(s):  
H. I. Eririogu ◽  
R. N. Echebiri ◽  
E. S. Ebukiba
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Exploration And Exploitation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Land Consumption ◽  
Per Capita

Aims: This paper assesses the population pressure on land resources in Nigeria: The past and projected outcome. Study Design: 1967 to 2068 time series data were used. The data sets were resorted to due to lack of complete national data. Place and Duration of Study: Past (1967-2017) and projected (2018-2068) five decades in Nigeria. Methodology: The time series data were obtained from the United Nations Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, National Population Commission, International Energy Statistics and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) on population levels, renewable and non renewable resources in Nigeria. Others such as transformity were adapted from Odum (1996) and Odum (2000) for specific objectives. Data collected were analyzed using modified ecological footprint/carrying capacity approach, descriptive statistics and Z-statistics. Results: Results showed that the mean annual pressure on land resources in the past five decades (1967-2017) was 9.323 hectares per capita, while the projected pressure in the next five decades (2018-2068) was 213.178 hectares per capita. Results also showed that about 73.08 percent of the pressure per capita in the past five decades emanated from arable land consumption (6.813ha), while 75.91percent of the pressure is expected to emanate from fossil land in the next projected five decades due to crude oil and mineral resource exploration and exploitation. The carrying capacity of land resources in the past five decades was 6.4091 hectares per capita, while that of the projected five decades was 1.667 hectares per capita, an indication of ecological overshoot in both periods. Conclusion: Population pressures on land resources per capita in the past and projected five decades are higher than the carrying capacity of these resources in the country. Citizens lived and are expected to live unsustainably by depleting and degrading available land resources. Arable land consumption is the major contributor to the total pressure on land resources in the past five decades, while the consumption of fossil land due to exploration and exploitation of crude oil and mineral resources is expected to contribute majorly to the total pressure on land resources in the next five decades. Limiting affluence (per capita consumption of resources) and improving technology will not only ensure sustainable use of arable and fossil lands but place consumption within the limits of these resources for a sustainable future.

How effective is government spending on environmental protection in a developing country?

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-803
Author(s):  
Saeed Moshiri ◽  
Arian Daneshmand
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThe objective of this paper is twofold as follows: first, it explores the relationship between economic growth and the environment in the context of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) in Iran, as a semi-industrialized and largest developing economy in the Middle East. Second, it investigates the effectiveness of government spending on environmental protection.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses the ecological footprint data and an ARDL model to gauge the income and government spending effects on environmental improvement. This method avoids the problems associated with using the regression including a squared income.FindingsThe results find no evidence for a turning point in the income–pollution relationship and no significant impact of government spending on reducing footprint. We conjecture that the structure of the economy and the weak institutional quality may explain the results.Research limitations/implicationsThis includes limited time series data on institutional quality indices and their small variations over time.Practical implicationsCreating an environmental fund using the oil windfall and applying environmental tax/subsidies policies will help address increasing environmental challenges in energy-rich developing countries. Education and public awareness about environmental problems and their impacts on the standard of living are also nonexpensive but effective ways to increase citizen's engagement towards improving environment.Social implicationsThe EKC may take different forms in various countries depending on their economic structure and institution qualities.Originality/valueThe paper uses the ARDL method rather than a commonly used regression with a squared income to estimate the EKC. It also uses ecological footprint as a measure of environmental damage. Exploring government effectiveness in managing public good is also novel in the empirical literature.

A Comparison of Population Growth Rate and the Rate of Increase in Food Crop Production in Africa

2020 ◽  
pp. 260-280
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kofi Ankomah
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Food Crop Production ◽  
Sufficient Food

Millions of people in Africa require sufficient food for healthy living. However, inefficient farming practices are making a lot more people hungry and poor. Simultaneously, the population keeps on increasing. The legitimate question that this study seeks to address is how the production capacity can meet the needs of the increasing population in the future. The chapter examines the increase in population growth and its consequences on food production with the consideration of the theory of population growth by Thomas Malthus. The result of time series data analyzed shows that population growth is increasing at a high rate whereas food production growth is increasing at a decreasing rate. The trend seems to confirm that the Malthus population theory is still relevant in Africa. The study recommends that stewards and policymakers invest immensely in agriculture to improve technology, skills, methods, and know-how to boost food production and invest in women in adopting family planning to decrease population growth for the solution of food deficiency.

scholarly journals Assessment of Forest Degradation in Vietnam Using Landsat Time Series Data

Forests ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Vogelmann ◽  
Phung Khoa ◽  
Do Lan ◽  
Jacob Shermeyer ◽  
Hua Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Series Data

scholarly journals The impact of inflation on the unemployment rate in Egypt: a VAR approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 06009
Author(s):  
Emad Attia Mohamed Omran ◽  
Yuriy Bilan
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Unemployment and inflation are among the most critical phenomena facing both developed and developing countries due to their harmful social, economic, and political effects. The Egyptian monetary policy’s main objective is to maintain a low inflation rate in the medium run to keep the confidence and a high rate of investment and economic growth. At the same time, economists argue that targeting a low-rate of inflation may increase unemployment. Although the classical Philips curve indicates a trade-off between inflation and unemployment, several empirical studies have argued that the relationship between inflation and unemployment depends on the shocks’ source and lagged responses. The main objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between inflation and Egypt’s unemployment rate. We used time-series data from 1980 to 2019, where a vector autoregressive (VAR) model and the Impulse response function tool (IRF) were employed. The results show that inflation has a positive relationship with GDP while negatively affecting the unemployment rate.

scholarly journals Analisis Efektifitas dan Efisiensi Pajak Daerah, Retribusi Daerah dan Kontribusinya Terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kota Bukittinggi

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 358-369
Author(s):  
Yenni Del Rosa ◽  
Ingra Sovita ◽  
Mohammad Abdilla
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Average Efficiency ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Average Contribution

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness and efficiency ratios of local taxation, local user fees and the ratio of their contribution to the PAD of Bukittinggi in 2014 - 2018. The research data were time series data (secondary data) collected through library research and analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed the ratio of the effectiveness of the average local tax and the ratio of the average efficiency of the local tax of Bukittinggi 98.86% (classified as effective and efficient). The ratio of the effectiveness of the average regional retribution and the ratio of the average efficiency of the regional levy of the city of Bukittinggi 108.91% (classified as very effective and very efficient). The ratio of the average contribution of local taxes to the Bukittinggi municipal PAD 42.58% (quite good) and the ratio of the average contribution of the regional levies to the Bukittinggi city PAD 28.10% (classified as moderate). ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui rasio efektifitas dan rasio efisiensi  pajak daerah, retribusi daerah dan rasio kontribusinya terhadap PAD kota Bukittinggi tahun 2014 – 2018. Data penelitian berupa data time series (data sekunder)  dikumpulkan melalui library research dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rasio efektifitas rata-rata pajak daerah dan rasio efisiensi rata-rata pajak daerah  kota Bukittinggi 98.86% (kategori efektif dan efisien). Rasio efektifitas rata-rata retribusi daerah dan rasio efisiensi rata-rata retribusi daerah kota Bukittinggi 108.91% (tergolong sangat efektif dan sangat efisien). Rasio kontribusi rata-rata pajak daerah terhadap PAD kota Bukittinggi 42.58% (cukup baik) dan rasio kontribusi rata-rata retribusi daerah terhadap PAD kota Bukittinggi 28.10% (sedang).  

scholarly journals Estimasi model neraca perdagangan Indonesia dalam periode 1998-2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-136
Author(s):  
Liza Azizah ◽  
Syamsurijal Tan ◽  
Emilia Emilia
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Balance Dynamics ◽  
Descriptive Method

This study aims to analyze Indonesia's trade balance dynamics and the factors that influence fluctuations in Indonesia's trade balance in the period 1998-2017. The method used in this study is a quantitative descriptive method. The data used in this study is time-series data on Indonesia's trade balance, exchange rate, GDP, inflation, and interest rates from 1998-2017. The data is processed through multiple regression analysis and development model analysis. The results showed that the variables of the exchange rate, GDP, inflation, and interest rates simultaneously significantly affected Indonesia's trade balance. Partially, the exchange rate, GDP, and interest rates have a significant effect on Indonesia's trade balance. In contrast, inflation does not substantially impact Indonesia's trade balance during the study period. R-square is 0.6882 or 68.82%, which means that Indonesia's trade balance for 1998-2017 is influenced by exchange rates, GDP, inflation, and interest rates, while other factors outside the estimation model influence the remaining 31.18%. Keywords: Trade balance, Exchange rate, GDP, Inflation, Interest rates.

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