scholarly journals Comparing spring triticale varieties to barley and wheat varieties when harvested as whole crop

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katariina Manni ◽  
Timo Lötjönen ◽  
Arto Huuskonen
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
First Year ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Spring Triticale ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Dough Stage

Two plot experiments in two consecutive years were conducted to compare spring triticale varieties to spring barley and spring wheat varieties to produce whole crop cereals for ruminants. In the first year, triticale varieties Nagano and Nilex, barley varieties Kaarle and Trekker, and the wheat variety Helmi were studied. In the second year, the triticale varieties Bikini and Somtri and the barley variety Armas were also used. The crops were harvested at the early dough stage of ripening. A treatment with reduced fertilizer and seed rates was included to study their effects on the development of the undersown ley, but such effects could not be demonstrated. The triticale varieties except for Bikini produced high dry matter yields. The highest ear:stem ratio and pepsin-cellulase solubility in the ear were found in the barley varieties Armas and Kaarle, but the digestibility of the whole crop was not improved because of low pepsin-cellulase solubility of the stems or leaves. All the studied varieties were suitable for whole crop production. The production costs of the different types of whole crop silage were fairly similar.

scholarly journals Phosphorus effects of recycled products from municipal wastewater on crops in a field experiment

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 475-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vogel Telse ◽  
Nelles Michael ◽  
Eichler-Löbermann Bettina
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Fertilizing Effect ◽  
Sludge Ash

In this study, the phosphorus (P) fertilizing effects of struvite, one thermochemical-treated sewage sludge ash (SSA) based on Ca-P (Ca-SSA) and one full sulfuric acid-digested SSA based on Al-P (Al-SSA) were analysed in comparison to triple superphosphate (TSP) and a control treatment (CON) without P application in a two-year field experiment. In the field experiment, the effects of the recycling products on crop yield, P uptake and labile soil P fractions were analysed. In addition, the effect of nitrogen and magnesium contained in struvite was investigated in the second year of the experiment compared to TSP and CON. In the first year, spring barley was cultivated in the field experiment; and in the second year, it was forage rye followed by sorghum. In the second year, the relative P effectiveness (forage rye, sorghum) of the recycling products compared to TSP increased in the order: Ca-SSA (81%, 91%) ≤ Al-SSA (91%, 96%) = struvite (102%, 110%). In addition, an magnesium fertilizing effect of struvite could be demonstrated. The results show that the recycling products from wastewater treatment are appropriate to substitute rock phosphate-based fertilizers.

scholarly journals The spring durum wheat variety ‘Bezenchukskaya Yubileinaya’

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
P. N. Malchikov ◽  
M. G. Myasnikova ◽  
T. V. Chukheeva
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Variety Testing ◽  
Research Institute

The Middle Volga region is traditionally a production region of high-quality durum wheat. For sustainable grain crop production, a system of durum wheat varieties’ breeding is being developed here. For its diversification there has been developed the new variety ‘Bezenchukskaya Yubileinaya’. The breeding process from hybridization of the variety to its study in the competitive variety testing was carried out in the experimental plots of the Samara Research Institute of Agriculture. The competitive variety testing was carried out in parallel at the Federal Altai Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology. There was conducted the ecological and geographical study in the KASIB system for 2 years (in 2017 and 2018) in 9 eco-points of various institutions in Russia and Kazakhstan. During the period of the variety development (2004–2020) there were spring and summer droughts, one being very strong and 6 being strong, 2 being strong spring and one strong summer droughts, one moderate spring-summer and one moderate spring drought. In the same period, there was an epiphytotics of various pathogens for 5 years. When studied in the competitive variety testing, there were severe spring-summer droughts in 2016, 2018, 2019; there was an epiphytotics of leaf blotches (fusarium, pyrenophorosis) and stem rust in 2016. The years 2017 and 2020 were favorable for the grain yield formation. The realized productivity of the variety ‘Bezenchukskaya Yubileinaya’ was 6.04 t/ha at FSBSI FANTSA (Altai Research Institute of Agriculture) in 2018. In the competitive variety testing of the Samara Research Institute of Agriculture, the new variety productivity exceeded that of the standard one on 0.25 t/ha for 5 years. According to drought resistance, resistance to leaf rust, the variety had an advantage over the standard one. The variety is resistant (R/MR type of resistance) to leaf blotches, grain and pasta quality is at the standard level. The purpose of the current work was to describe the methods of development, properties and testing traits of the new variety.

scholarly journals Comparison of Grain Yield and Some Characteristics of Hulled, Durum and Bread Wheat Genotypes Varieties

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekir Atar ◽  
Burhan Kara
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
First Year ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Hulled Wheat ◽  
Hulled Wheats ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Second Year

In spite of the low grain yield they produce, the hulled wheat have become even more important in recent years because of their resistance to negative environmental conditions and healthy nutritional content. The research was carry out in order to comparison the yield and yield characteristics of durum (Kiziltan-91 and C-1252), hulled (Einkorn and Emmer) and bread wheat (Tir) varieties in Isparta ecological conditions in 2013-14 and 2014-15 vegetation periods. In both years, the highest grain yield was obtained in Kiziltan-91 variety (3992 and 3758 kg ha-1 respectively). The grain yield of hulled wheats in the first year (Einkorn 1269 kg ha-1, Emmer 2125 kg ha-1) was around Turkey averages. However, grain yield decreased of commercial wheat varieties due to the negative effect of high amount of rainfall in June in the second year, but considerably increased in (Einkorn 2150 kg ha-1, Emmer 2533 kg ha-1). N uptake was found to be lower in the than durum wheats. In terms of grain protein content, the highest values were obtained in Emmer variety (16.4%-15.3%).

scholarly journals Kura Clover Living Mulch Reduces Fertilizer N Requirements and Increases Profitability of Maize

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Alexander ◽  
John M. Baker ◽  
Rodney T. Venterea ◽  
Jeffrey A. Coulter
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Living Mulch ◽  
Kura Clover ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Forage Management

Kura clover living mulch (KCLM) systems have been previously investigated for their incorporation into upper Midwestern row crop rotations to provide ecosystem services through continuous living cover. Reductions in soil erosion and nitrate loss to surface and groundwater have been reported, but factors affecting agronomic performance and nutrient management are not well defined. To achieve realized environmental benefits, research must develop agronomic management techniques, determine economic opportunities, and provide management recommendations for row crop production in KCLM systems. Two experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 to determine the response to N fertilizer application for maize production in KCLM. The first-year maize experiment followed forage management, and the second-year maize experiment followed maize after forage management. Eight fertilizer N treatments ranging from 0–250 kg N ha−1 were applied to each experiment and grain and stover yields were compared to conventionally managed maize hybrid trials that were conducted nearby. First-year maize did not need fertilizer N to maximize yield and profitability in either growing season, and second-year maize required a fertilizer N rate near local University guidelines for maize following soybean. The net economic return from maize grain and stover in the KCLM averaged over first and second-year maize experiments and 2017 and 2018 growing seasons were $138 ha−1 greater than the conventional comparison.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Septoria leaf blotch on spring triticale in West Lithuania

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 338-390
Author(s):  
D. Janušauskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
First Year ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Ripening Stage ◽  
Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Spring Triticale ◽  
Second Year

The effects of environmental conditions on the dynamics of Septoria leaf blotch, Septoria nodorum (Berk.) E. Castell et. Germano, incidence and severity on the spring triticale cv. Gabo were studied in 2000 and 2001 in littoral lowland of Lithuania. Disease assessments were carried out once a week from GS 31–32 to GS 81–83 on the three primary leaves. At milk ripening stage (GS 75) the incidence of Septoria on F leaves reached 44.9% in 2000 and 97.7% in 2001. The disease severity was 3.5% in the first year, and 11.5% in the second year. Comparison of 2 years’ data revealed that whether conditions had a marked effect on the manner of disease development.

THE ROLE OF BIOLOGICAL PROGRESS IN THE INCREASE OF THE YIELD OF SPRING CEREALS IN VARIETAL TESTING IN POLAND

2018 ◽  
Vol XX (2) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Ludwik Wicki
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
World Population ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Spring Triticale ◽  
Effective Dissemination ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
The Impact

The growing world population and the increase in the wealth of societies are the reason for the growing demand for food. An important issue is to obtain production growth without excessive increase of use of production inputs. It is possible thanks to biological progress, whose share in creating the growth of plant production in the world is estimated at 40%. The aim of the work is to determine the impact of biological progress on the increase in the yield level of spring cereals in Poland. The analysis was based on the results of post-registration varietal testing for the years 2006-2017. It was found that the yield of varieties of spring cereals increased in the analyzed period by an average of over 15 dt/ha. The share of biological progress in the observed increase ranged from 15% for spring triticale to 38% for spring barley. On average, it was 28% at a lower production intensity level and 23% at a higher intensity level. The importance of biological progress in the increase of yields of spring cereal varieties in Poland is high, and the effective dissemination of new varieties may allow for obtaining more crop production without increasing inputs, if the level of utilization of the varieties’ potential will be higher in agriculture production.

Winter cover crops to minimize nitrate losses in intensive lettuce production

1993 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Jackson ◽  
L. J. Wyland ◽  
L. J. Stivers
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
First Year ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Mineralizable N ◽  
Second Year

SUMMARYA 2-year study conducted in Salinas, California in 1989–91 showed that soil nitrate (NO3–N) concentrations were reduced by cover crops during a short winter fallow period and that this practice can be compatible with year-round vegetable crop production schedules by planting and incorporating cover crops directly on the beds into which the lettuce crop will be direct seeded in the early spring. Cover crops grown the first year were oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus cv. Renova), white senf mustard (Brassica hirta cv. Martigena), white mustard (Brassica alba), Phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia cv. Phaci), rye (Secale cereale cv. Merced) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). Only phacelia and Merced rye were included in the second year. In both years, all of the cover crops depleted soil NO3-N and soil moisture relative to the fallow control. Estimates of cover crop root length, based on core sampling to 60 cm soil depth, averaged 18800 m/m2 after 17 weeks of growth the first year and 12500 m/m2 after 13 weeks of growth the second year. Above-ground dry matter production averaged 449 g/m2 (12·8 g N/m2) the first year and 161 g/m2 (61 g N/m2) during a shorter growing period and under the more adverse growing conditions of the second year. Following cover crop incorporation with a rotary tiller, soil ammonium (NH4-N), N03-N and net mineralizable N (anaerobic incubation) peaked after c. 1 week, then gradually declined for 1 month. Cover-cropped plots sustained higher net mineralizable N levels than the fallow control after incorporation. Nitrate concentrations after spring rains were lower in soils left fallow during winter. The subsequent lettuce crop was not affected by cover crop treatment.

scholarly journals Weed Spread and Caraway (Carum carvi L.) Crop Productivity in a Multi-Cropping System

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1172
Author(s):  
Aušra Marcinkevičienė ◽  
Aušra Rudinskienė ◽  
Rimantas Velička ◽  
Robertas Kosteckas ◽  
Zita Kriaučiūnienė
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Third ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Vegetative Season

The field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy (Lithuania) in 2017–2019. The aim of the study was to determine and to compare weed spread and caraway crop productivity in sole (spring barley, spring wheat, pea, caraway), binary (spring barley-caraway, spring wheat-caraway, pea-caraway) and trinary (spring barley-caraway-white clover, spring wheat-caraway-white clover, pea-caraway-white clover) crops. In the second and the third years of caraway cultivation, it was estimated that the abundance of perennial weeds in the crops increased. In the first year, significantly the highest dry matter mass of weeds was determined in non-sprayed with herbicides binary crops with undersown caraway and in trinary crops with undersown caraway and clover; in the second year—in the caraway binary crops, when they were grown after barley and wheat without clover; in the third year—in caraway binary and trinary crops when they were grown after barley, wheat and pea without clover and after barley and wheat with clover. In the second year, the highest yields of caraway seeds were obtained by growing them in peas, and in the third year by growing them in wheat together with clover. Caraway can be grown in trinary crops, including white clover, and harvested in the second or the third year of the vegetative season.

An inevitable crisis? From first to second year in counsellor training

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-89
Author(s):  
Hugh Crago
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
First Year ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Counsellor Training ◽  
Student Dropout ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Neurological Research ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
And Control

In a seminal 1973 paper, Robert Clark described the very different “cultures” of the first and second year students in a four year clinical psychology PhD programme. The author applies Clark’s template to his own experiences as trainee or trainer in five different counsellor education programmes, one in the US and four in Australia. Each of the programmes, to varying degrees, demonstrates key features of the pattern identified by Clark, where the first year is “therapeutic” and other-oriented, the second is “professional” and self-focused. The author concludes that all the surveyed programmes exhibited some level of “second year crisis”, in which a significant number of students felt abandoned, dissatisfied, or rebellious. The author extends and refines Clark’s developmental analogy (first year = childhood; second year = adolescence) to reflect recent neurological research, in particular, the shift from a right hemisphere-dominant first year of life, prioritising affiliative needs, to a left hemisphere-dominant second year, prioritising autonomy and control. This shift is paralleled later by a more gradual move from a protective, supportive childhood to necessary, but sometimes conflictual, individuation in adolescence. The first two years of a counsellor training programme broadly echo this process, a process exacerbated by the second year internship/placement, in which students must “leave home” and adjust to unfamiliar, potentially less nurturing, authority figures. Finally, the author suggests introducing more rigorous “academic holding” into the first year, and greater attention to “therapeutic holding” of dissident students in the second, hopefully decreasing student dropout, and achieving a better balanced training experience.

Implementation of the Second-year course in an Engineering Professional Spine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umar Iqbal ◽  
Deena Salem ◽  
David Strong
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Research University ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Employability Skills ◽  
First Year ◽  
Computer Engineering ◽  
Core Courses ◽  
Second Year ◽  
First Time ◽  
Academic Year

The objective of this paper is to document the experience of developing and implementing a second-year course in an engineering professional spine that was developed in a first-tier research university and relies on project-based core courses. The main objective of this spine is to develop the students’ cognitive and employability skills that will allow them to stand out from the crowd of other engineering graduates.The spine was developed and delivered for the first time in the academic year 2010-2011 for first-year general engineering students. In the year 2011-2012, those students joined different programs, and accordingly the second-year course was tailored to align with the different programs’ learning outcomes. This paper discusses the development and implementation of the course in the Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) department.

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